Download or read book China s Economic Rise written by Congressional Research Service and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-09-17 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prior to the initiation of economic reforms and trade liberalization 36 years ago, China maintained policies that kept the economy very poor, stagnant, centrally-controlled, vastly inefficient, and relatively isolated from the global economy. Since opening up to foreign trade and investment and implementing free market reforms in 1979, China has been among the world's fastest-growing economies, with real annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth averaging nearly 10% through 2016. In recent years, China has emerged as a major global economic power. It is now the world's largest economy (on a purchasing power parity basis), manufacturer, merchandise trader, and holder of foreign exchange reserves.The global economic crisis that began in 2008 greatly affected China's economy. China's exports, imports, and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows declined, GDP growth slowed, and millions of Chinese workers reportedly lost their jobs. The Chinese government responded by implementing a $586 billion economic stimulus package and loosening monetary policies to increase bank lending. Such policies enabled China to effectively weather the effects of the sharp global fall in demand for Chinese products, but may have contributed to overcapacity in several industries and increased debt by Chinese firms and local government. China's economy has slowed in recent years. Real GDP growth has slowed in each of the past six years, dropping from 10.6% in 2010 to 6.7% in 2016, and is projected to slow to 5.7% by 2022.The Chinese government has attempted to steer the economy to a "new normal" of slower, but more stable and sustainable, economic growth. Yet, concerns have deepened in recent years over the health of the Chinese economy. On August 11, 2015, the Chinese government announced that the daily reference rate of the renminbi (RMB) would become more "market-oriented." Over the next three days, the RMB depreciated against the dollar and led to charges that China's goal was to boost exports to help stimulate the economy (which some suspect is in worse shape than indicated by official Chinese economic statistics). Concerns over the state of the Chinese economy appear to have often contributed to volatility in global stock indexes in recent years.The ability of China to maintain a rapidly growing economy in the long run will likely depend largely on the ability of the Chinese government to implement comprehensive economic reforms that more quickly hasten China's transition to a free market economy; rebalance the Chinese economy by making consumer demand, rather than exporting and fixed investment, the main engine of economic growth; boost productivity and innovation; address growing income disparities; and enhance environmental protection. The Chinese government has acknowledged that its current economic growth model needs to be altered and has announced several initiatives to address various economic challenges. In November 2013, the Communist Party of China held the Third Plenum of its 18th Party Congress, which outlined a number of broad policy reforms to boost competition and economic efficiency. For example, the communique stated that the market would now play a "decisive" role in allocating resources in the economy. At the same time, however, the communique emphasized the continued important role of the state sector in China's economy. In addition, many foreign firms have complained that the business climate in China has worsened in recent years. Thus, it remains unclear how committed the Chinese government is to implementing new comprehensive economic reforms.China's economic rise has significant implications for the United States and hence is of major interest to Congress. This report provides background on China's economic rise; describes its current economic structure; identifies the challenges China faces to maintain economic growth; and discusses the challenges, opportunities, and implications of China's economic rise.

Download or read book China U S Trade Issues written by Wayne M. Morrison and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Report to Congress of the U S China Economic and Security Review Commission written by U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Survival Governance written by Peter Drahos and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2021 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preface -- The argument in summary -- Choosing among implausible leaders -- Technology choices -- The geo-energy trilemma and its mis-management -- 'Winners' and 'losers' in hotter worlds -- China's limits to growth -- Backing the bio-digital energy paradigm? -- City pathways to the bio-digital energy paradigm -- India, the Janus energy sovereign -- Survival Governance.

Download or read book China s Drive for the Technology Frontier written by Yin Li and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-07-07 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China has become an innovation powerhouse in high-tech industries, but the widely held view assumes the Chinese model is built on technological borrowing and state capitalism. This book debunks the myths surrounding the Chinese model with a fresh take on China’s strategies for technological innovation. The central argument is that indigenous innovation plays a critical role in transforming the Chinese high-tech industry. Like any successfully industrialized nation in history, indigenous innovation in China allows industrial enterprises to assimilate knowledge developed elsewhere, utilize science and technology resources and human capabilities accumulated in the country, and eventually approach the technological frontier. The question is, how do Chinese businesses and governments engage in indigenous innovation? Employing the "social conditions of innovative enterprise" framework developed by William Lazonick and colleagues, this book analyzes how the interaction of strategy, organization, and finance in leading Chinese high-tech firms underpinned by national institutions enables indigenous innovation with Chinese characteristics. It features detailed case studies of two critical high-tech industries—the telecom-equipment industry and the semiconductor industry—and within them, the business histories of leading Chinese innovators. The in-depth look into China’s experience in indigenous innovation provides valuable lessons for advanced and emerging economies.

Download or read book China s Iron Ore Boom written by Luke W. L. Hurst and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-07-01 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China’s emergence as the world’s second largest economy has been driven by more than four decades of explosive growth. To support this expansion, China has required massive expansion in its steel production capacity, which is highly correlated to its demand for iron ore imports. The scale and pace of China’s iron ore demand shock has pushed the global iron ore market into a historical adjustment. Using economic frameworks, this book brings to bare new data and field observations throughout Asia and Africa to investigate how the rapid growth in China’s iron ore demand has affected the organisation and structure of the global iron ore market. The research provides several important contributions to the extant literature including analysis of whether the Big Three Asian market iron ore exporters coordinated to sustain the profits arising from the price boom; estimating the financial impact of the Chinese state’s intervention in iron price negotiations; and addressing the concerns arising from the Chinese state’s provision of cheap financial support for its companies’ iron ore procurement. Offering unique insights into China’s economic rise and the structure of the iron ore market, this book will be relevant to students and scholars of resource economics, and the Australian and Chinese economies.

Download or read book Subsidies to Chinese Industry written by Usha C.V. Haley and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2013-05-02 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Government subsidies have contributed to China's success as manufacturer and exporter in capital-intensive industries. China's state-capitalist regime uses subsidies to stabilize and create common understandings of markets among governments and firms.

Download or read book The Making of China s Foreign Policy in the 21st century written by Suisheng Zhao and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-02-02 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a study of the making of foreign policy of China, a rising power in the 21st century. It examines three sets of driving forces behind China’s foreign policy making. One is historical sources, including the selective memories and reconstruction of the glorious empire with an ethnocentric world outlook and the century of humiliation at the hands of foreign imperialist powers. The second set is domestic institutions and players, particularly the proliferation of new party and government institutions and players, such as the national security commission, foreign policy think tanks, media and local governments. The third set is Chinese perception of power relations, particularly their position in the international system and their position relations with major powers. This book consists of articles from the Journal of Contemporary China.

Download or read book China India and East and Southeast Asia Assessing Sustainability written by Ray C. Anderson and published by Berkshire Publishing Group. This book was released on 2012-11-01 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China, India, and East and Southeast Asia: Assessing Sustainability provides unprecedented analyses by regional experts and scholars elsewhere in the world on China, India, and their neighbors. Despite growing demands internally on their natural resources (China and India alone are home to more than one-third of the world's population), the expanding global economic influence of this region makes these countries vital players in a sustainable future for all citizens of the Earth. Regional coverage includes topics such as business and commerce, environmental and corporate law, and lifestyles and values.

Download or read book The Political Economy of Chinese Finance written by J. Jay Choi and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2016-09-02 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 17 of International Finance Review focusses on a variety of issues relating to the political economy of Chinese finance.

Download or read book International Trade and Finance written by Raymond J. Ahearn and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011-04 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: (1) Introduction; (2) The Role of Congress in International Trade and Finance; (3) Policy Issues for Congress: Trade Agreements and Negotiations: U.S.-South Korea Free Trade Agreement; U.S.-Colombia Free Trade Agreement; U.S.-Panama Free Trade Agreement; The WTO and WTO Doha Round; Trans-Pacific Partnership; China; Export Promotion and Financing; Export Controls and Sanctions; Import Policies: Trade Remedies; Trade Preferences; Border Security and Trade Facilitation; "Buy American"; Miscellaneous Tariff Bill; NAFTA Trucking; Trade Adjustment Assistance; International Financial Institutions; (4) Outlook. This is a print on demand edition of an important, hard-to-find publication.

Download or read book Minerals Critical Minerals and the U S Economy written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2008-03-11 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Minerals are part of virtually every product we use. Common examples include copper used in electrical wiring and titanium used to make airplane frames and paint pigments. The Information Age has ushered in a number of new mineral uses in a number of products including cell phones (e.g., tantalum) and liquid crystal displays (e.g., indium). For some minerals, such as the platinum group metals used to make cataytic converters in cars, there is no substitute. If the supply of any given mineral were to become restricted, consumers and sectors of the U.S. economy could be significantly affected. Risks to minerals supplies can include a sudden increase in demand or the possibility that natural ores can be exhausted or become too difficult to extract. Minerals are more vulnerable to supply restrictions if they come from a limited number of mines, mining companies, or nations. Baseline information on minerals is currently collected at the federal level, but no established methodology has existed to identify potentially critical minerals. This book develops such a methodology and suggests an enhanced federal initiative to collect and analyze the additional data needed to support this type of tool.

Download or read book The Future of United States China Trade Relations and the Possible Accession of China to the World Trade Organization written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means. Subcommittee on Trade and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Technology and steel industry competitiveness written by United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Congressional Record written by United States. Congress and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 2094 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Introduction to Energy and Climate written by Julie Kerr and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-08-09 with total page 792 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this textbook is to provide a well-rounded working knowledge of both climate change and environmental sustainability for a wide range of students. Students will learn core concepts and methods to analyze energy and environmental impacts; will understand what is changing the earth’s climate, and what that means for life on earth now and in the future. They will also have a firm understanding of what energy is and how it can be used. This text intends to develop working knowledge of these topics, with both technical and social implications. Students will find in one volume the integration and careful treatment of climate, energy, and sustainability.

Download or read book Climate Management Issues written by Julie K. Gines and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-12-14 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite all the controversy and hype that climate change has generated, there now exists an overwhelming body of scientific evidence that the problem is real and that its effects are already being felt on a global scale. Part of what makes this a volatile and controversial issue is that it is not just confined to the realms of the scientific community, nor does it have just one simple, predefined solution—it has multifaceted dimensions involving economic, sociological, political, psychological, and personal issues, making this a topic that affects every person on earth now and in the future. Connecting the dots, Climate Management Issues: Economics, Sociology, and Politics is the first book to propose a truly comprehensive solution to effectively deal with climate change in both the short and long term. It reaches across diverse sectors of society to link issues in climate change management and offer new insights into the complex interrelationships. As the author emphasizes, climate change extends far beyond the physical sciences to affect lifestyles, cultural values, political systems, economics, and health. An overview of the physical science of climate change gives readers a firm understanding of the concepts they need for policy and decision making, sociological applications, and community leadership. The book then focuses on multifaceted aspects such as international cooperation, journalistic balance, human psychology, international policy, national security, socioeconomic impacts, agricultural conservation, healthcare, the economics of mitigation, climate modeling, and error amplification. This timely volume puts on center stage those crucial ideas that are usually overlooked, misunderstood, or lost in media sensationalism. Enlightening and empowering readers, it looks at the decisions that must be made to mitigate climate change problems before irreversible damage is done.