Download or read book Juvenile Crime Juvenile Justice written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-06-05 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even though youth crime rates have fallen since the mid-1990s, public fear and political rhetoric over the issue have heightened. The Columbine shootings and other sensational incidents add to the furor. Often overlooked are the underlying problems of child poverty, social disadvantage, and the pitfalls inherent to adolescent decisionmaking that contribute to youth crime. From a policy standpoint, adolescent offenders are caught in the crossfire between nurturance of youth and punishment of criminals, between rehabilitation and "get tough" pronouncements. In the midst of this emotional debate, the National Research Council's Panel on Juvenile Crime steps forward with an authoritative review of the best available data and analysis. Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents recommendations for addressing the many aspects of America's youth crime problem. This timely release discusses patterns and trends in crimes by children and adolescentsâ€"trends revealed by arrest data, victim reports, and other sources; youth crime within general crime; and race and sex disparities. The book explores desistanceâ€"the probability that delinquency or criminal activities decrease with ageâ€"and evaluates different approaches to predicting future crime rates. Why do young people turn to delinquency? Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents what we know and what we urgently need to find out about contributing factors, ranging from prenatal care, differences in temperament, and family influences to the role of peer relationships, the impact of the school policies toward delinquency, and the broader influences of the neighborhood and community. Equally important, this book examines a range of solutions: Prevention and intervention efforts directed to individuals, peer groups, and families, as well as day care-, school- and community-based initiatives. Intervention within the juvenile justice system. Role of the police. Processing and detention of youth offenders. Transferring youths to the adult judicial system. Residential placement of juveniles. The book includes background on the American juvenile court system, useful comparisons with the juvenile justice systems of other nations, and other important information for assessing this problem.
Download or read book Children and Crime written by Connie M. Tang and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2018-08-02 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children and Crime offers a multidisciplinary and research-based approach to the study of child maltreatment and juvenile delinquency. Connie M. Tang first examines children as victims of maltreatment, exploring how developmental trauma and societal factors influence children’s behavior and psyche. Topics covered include child neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and psychological abuse. Later chapters address how children come into conflict with the law and discuss gang membership and substance abuse. Engaging, real-life case studies illustrate the intersectionality of race, gender, and crime, as well as the role of Child Protective Services and juvenile courts. In particular, Tang examines how abuse and neglect can later play a role in a child’s delinquency. Children and Crime provides an innovative and accessible text for psychology, social work, and criminal justice courses in child abuse, neglect, and delinquency.
Download or read book Children Care and Crime written by Alison Gerard and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-11-02 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The historical context of colonisation situates the analysis in Children, Care and Crime of the involvement of children with care experience in the criminal justice system in an Australian jurisdiction (New South Wales), focusing on residential care, policing, the provision of legal services and interactions in the Children’s Court. While the majority of children in care do not have contact with the criminal justice system, this book explores why those with care experience, and Indigenous children, are over-represented in this system. Drawing on findings from an innovative, mixed-method study – court observations, file reviews and qualitative interviews – the book investigates historical and contemporary processes of colonisation and criminalisation. The book outlines the impact of trauma and responses to trauma, including inter-generational trauma caused by policies of colonisation and criminalisation. It then follows a child’s journey through the continuum of care to the criminal justice system, examining data at each stage including the residential care environment, interactions with police, the provision of legal services and experiences at the Children’s Court. Drawing together an analysis of the gendered and racialised treatment of women and girls with care experience in the criminal justice system, the book particularly focuses on legacies of forced removal and apprenticeship which targeted Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women and girls. Through analysing what practices from England and Wales might offer the NSW context, our findings are enriched by further reflection on how decriminalisation pathways might be imagined. While there have been many policy initiatives developed to address criminalisation, in all parts of the study little evidence was found of implementation and impact. To conclude, the book examines the way that ‘hope tropes’ are regularly deployed in child protection and criminal justice to dangle the prospect of reform, and even to produce pockets of success, only to be whittled away by well-worn pathways to routine criminalisation. The conclusion also considers what a transformative agenda would look like and how monitoring and accountability mechanisms are key to new ways of operating. Finally, the book explores strengths-based approaches and how they might take shape in the child protection and criminal justice systems. Children, Care and Crime is aimed at researchers, lawyers and criminal justice practitioners, police, Judges and Magistrates, policy-makers and those working in child protection, the criminal justice system or delivering services to children or adults with care experience. The research is multidisciplinary and therefore will be of broad appeal to the criminology, law, psychology, sociology and social work disciplines. The book is most suitable for undergraduate courses focusing on youth justice and policing, and postgraduates researching in this field.
Download or read book The Least Detrimental Alternative written by Paul D. Steinhauer and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 1991-01-01 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book Steinhauer brings together the fragmented research that has been done in a number of different disciplines. From this body of work he develops a model of intervention based on an understanding of attachment theory, development theory, and the practice of mental health consultation.
Download or read book Conducting Interviews with Child Victims of Abuse and Witnesses of Crime written by Mireille Cyr and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-02-13 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a practical and thoughtful guide for the forensic interview of children, presenting a synthesis of the empirical and theoretical knowledge necessary to understand the account of child victims of abuse or witnesses of crime. It is a complex task to interview children who are suspected of being abused in order to gather their stories, requiring the mastery of many skills and knowledge. This book is a practical one in that constant links are made between the results of the research and their relevance for the interventions made when interviewing child victims of abuse or witnesses of crime and in understanding their accounts. This book also presents in a detailed and concrete way the revised version of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD-R) Protocol, a forensic structured interview guide empirically supported by numerous studies carried out in different countries. The step-by-step explanations are illustrated with a verbatim interview with a child, as well as other tools to help the interviewer to prepare and handle an efficient and supportive interview. Conducting Interviews with Child Victims of Abuse and Witnesses of Crime is essential reading for stakeholders in the justice, social and health systems as well as anyone likely to receive allegations from children such as educators or daycare staff. Although the NICHD-R Protocol is intended for forensic interviewers, the science behind its development and application is relevant to all professionals working with children.
Download or read book Causes of Delinquency written by Travis Hirschi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-28 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Causes of Delinquency, Hirschi attempts to state and test a theory of delinquency, seeing in the delinquent a person relatively free of the intimate attachments, the aspirations, and the moral beliefs that bind most people to a life within the law. In prominent alternative theories, the delinquent appears either as a frustrated striver forced into delinquency by his acceptance of the goals common to us all, or as an innocent foreigner attempting to obey the rules of a society that is not in position to make the law or define conduct as good or evil. Hirschi analyzes a large body of data on delinquency collected in Western Contra Costa County, California, contrasting throughout the assumptions of the strain, control, and cultural deviance theories. He outlines the assumptions of these theories and discusses the logical and empirical difficulties attributed to each of them. Then draws from sources an outline of social control theory, the theory that informs the subsequent analysis and which is advocated here.Often listed as a Citation Classic, Causes of Delinquency retains its force and cogency with age. It is an important volume and a necessary addition to the libraries of sociologists, criminologists, scholars and students in the area of delinquency.
Download or read book The Rage of Innocence written by Kristin Henning and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2021-09-28 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A brilliant analysis of the foundations of racist policing in America: the day-to-day brutalities, largely hidden from public view, endured by Black youth growing up under constant police surveillance and the persistent threat of physical and psychological abuse "Storytelling that can make people understand the racial inequities of the legal system, and...restore the humanity this system has cruelly stripped from its victims.” —New York Times Book Review Drawing upon twenty-five years of experience representing Black youth in Washington, D.C.’s juvenile courts, Kristin Henning confronts America’s irrational, manufactured fears of these young people and makes a powerfully compelling case that the crisis in racist American policing begins with its relationship to Black children. Henning explains how discriminatory and aggressive policing has socialized a generation of Black teenagers to fear, resent, and resist the police, and she details the long-term consequences of racism that they experience at the hands of the police and their vigilante surrogates. She makes clear that unlike White youth, who are afforded the freedom to test boundaries, experiment with sex and drugs, and figure out who they are and who they want to be, Black youth are seen as a threat to White America and are denied healthy adolescent development. She examines the criminalization of Black adolescent play and sexuality, and of Black fashion, hair, and music. She limns the effects of police presence in schools and the depth of police-induced trauma in Black adolescents. Especially in the wake of the recent unprecedented, worldwide outrage at racial injustice and inequality, The Rage of Innocence is an essential book for our moment.
Download or read book Children and the Law written by Douglas E. Abrams and published by West Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2003 with total page 1338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This casebook emphasizes doctrine, policy, and practice. It presents three central themes: the interrelated rights and obligations of children, parents, and government; ways the legal system assesses and uses children's competence to shape regulation; and the role of the child's lawyer. Volume covers several relevant international law issues, including the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, international child labor, and U.S. tobacco exports to children overseas. The authors have devoted entire chapters to the representation of children, the meaning of "parent," abuse and neglect, the foster care system, adoption, medical decision-making, support and other financial responsibilities, protective legislation, and delinquency.
Download or read book Family Life Delinquency and Crime written by Kevin N. Wright and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes how positive parental involvement deters delinquent behavior while its absence -- or worse, its negative counterpart -- fosters misconduct. Researchers conclude that children raised in supportive, affectionate, and accepting homes are less likely to become deviant.
Download or read book Children of the Prison Boom written by Sara Wakefield and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children of the Prison Boom describes the devastating effects of America's experiment in mass incarceration for a generation of vulnerable children. Wakefield and Wildeman find that parental imprisonment leads to increased mental health and behavioral problems, infant mortality, and child homelessness which translate into large-scale increases in racial inequality.
Download or read book Crimes Against Children written by Tracee De Hahn and published by Chelsea House. This book was released on 2000 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the various ways in which children can be abused or neglected, details the changes in the way society has viewed the question of intervention in the family to protect children, including the ways in which the system itself can abuse, and discusses related issues.
Download or read book A Child s Book of True Crime written by Chloe Hooper and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2003-04-08 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In what "The New York Times" calls "a striking, ambitious first novel" Hooper brilliantly portrays a young woman reluctant to conform to the world of adults. Kate Byrne is having an affair with the father of her most gifted fourth grader, whose disturbing drawings may foretell her future.
Download or read book Attachment and Bonding in the Foster and Adopted Child written by James Andrew Kenny and published by . This book was released on 2014-04-05 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multiple placements, delay in achieving deadlines, and emancipation have increased the burdens on already vulnerable foster children. The child welfare and court systems, despite good laws and policies, have generally failed to provide children with permanent homes in a developmentally timely manner. Ignorance of the nature and critical importance of bonding is a major cause of this lack of success. Attachment and bonding are words that have been used loosely to describe a variety of personal relationships, beginning with the theories of Bowlby and Ainsworth. Bonding is defined in practical and objective terms that are research-based. It is important and significant because its disruption can lead to significant increases in mental illness, crime, and homelessness. An overwhelming number of statistical studies have documented and affirmed this. Readers will learn how to perform a bonding evaluation and how to present the findings in court. The roles of the birth parent, foster parent, adoptive parent, child, case manager, mental health professional, attorneys, and the court are all considered for their part in achieving permanence for children in temporary care. Finally, the authors share innovative recommendations about ways to improve the system and reduce time in foster care. Every child has the right to a permanent home.
Download or read book Children and Crime written by Rob Allen and published by Institute for Public Policy Research. This book was released on 1996 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Crime against Children written by Prof. Sarita Vashistha and published by K.K. Publications. This book was released on 2021-08-03 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Table of Contents Preface ix Introduction 1 General Aspects • A Horror Untold • Laws on Child Sexual Abuse in India • Sexual Abuse • Power Harassment • Rankism • Child-on-child Sexual Abuse • Child Neglect Child Labour 21 The Backdrop • Child Labour Areas • International Programme on Child Labour • Child Labour Amendment • Child Labour in India • Child Labour in the Diamond Industry • Reports • Initiatives against Child Labour • Child Slavery Child Trafficking 45 The Prevalence • Child-Sex-Tourism • Background • Global Response • New Phenomenon in Goa • Inflow of Tourists Child Prostitution 59 Definitions • Terminology • Causes and Contexts • Prohibition • Extent • Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children • Forms of Sexual Exploitation • Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act • Child Sexuality Child Pornography 79 Terminology • Relation to Child Molestation and Abuse • Typology • Organised Crimes • Relationship with Sexual Abuse • Copine Scale Child Marriage 99 Child Marriage by Religion • Child Marriage by Region and Country School Violence 109 International Character • Risk Factors • Corporal Punishment • Rituals and Punishment • Paraphilia and Fetishism Exploitation of Children by Military 127 War Crimes • International Laws • International Humanitarian Law • International Labour Law Juvenile Delinquency 149 Juvenile Sex Crimes • Risk Factors • Societal Consequences Street Children 161 Definitions • Numbers and Distribution • Countrywise Position • Stolen Generations • Child Removal Policy • Policy in Practice • Child Abandonment Society and Children 191 Child Support • Legal Theory • Child Support Industry Children’s Rights 207 Definitions • Types of Rights • International Law • Convention on the Rights of the Child • Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action • Enforcement • Convention on the Rights of the Child • Children’s Rights Movement Social Laws and Children 219 Best Interests of the Child • Child Benefits • Child Imprisonment Legal Protection 231 Legal Provisions • Patronage by Courts Case Studies 269 Nithari Serial Murders • School Shooting • Kelsey Smith-Briggs • Beslan School Hostage Crisis • Other Incidents and Controversies • Holy Cross Dispute Bibliography 341 Index 349
Download or read book Diverting Children from a Life of Crime Measuring Costs and Benefits written by Peter Greenwood (W.) and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 1998 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In combating crime in America, little attention has been paid to keeping children from becoming criminals. What benefit might be realized from such an approach, and at what cost? Working from limited data on program efficacy and on criminal careers, the authors of this report made rough estimates of the costs and benefits of four early interventions--prenatal home visits by child care professionals, followed by four years of day care; training for parents with young children who have shown aggressive behavior; incentives to induce disadvantaged high-school students to graduate; and monitoring and supervising young delinquents. All except the first appeared to be at least as cost-effective as a popular but very different approach to crime reduction--California's "three-strikes" law. The advantages of parent training and graduation incentives in particular are so large that some advantage is likely to be found even under assumptions differing substantially from those made here. This report updates information contained in MR-699-UCB/RC/IF, published in 1996.
Download or read book Prevention and Youth Crime written by Blyth, Maggie and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2008 UK government Youth Crime Action Plan emphasises early intervention in work with young people who offend or considered to be 'at risk' of offending. This approach includes targeted work with families and a reduction in the numbers of young people entering the justice system. This report takes a critical look at early intervention policies.
