Download or read book Catalysis in Coal Conversion written by James Cusumano and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catalysis in Coal Conversion tells of the advances in catalysis and related fields in order to suggest decisive contributions towards finding solutions for the catalytic problems of coal conversion. The book also details the preparation, mode of action, and behavior of various catalysts. The book is divided into three major parts, the first of which discusses the advances of catalysis during the last two decades including the bimetallic catalysts. Other areas of interest covered in the first part include characterization and preparation of catalysts; poisoning and regeneration; and reaction mechanisms. Part II summarizes the developments of related disciplines such as reactor engineering, inorganic and organometallic chemistry, materials science, and surface science. The last part serves as a review of the nature of the different coal liquefaction processes and their products. This book is of value to chemists and chemical engineers involved in coal conversion or fuel processing researches. Chemistry teachers and students can also use this book for examples of practical applications in industrial catalysis.
Download or read book Coal and Coal Related Compounds written by Toshiaki Kabe and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-11-18 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coal is more abundant than petroleum and natural gas. Further, coal is not localized but can be used by many more countries than petroleum. Therefore, if we can establish coal utilization technology, coal will bring about a great contribution to human life and society. On the other hand, shortage of petroleum and natural gas are anticipated in the second half of the 21st century. To compensate, the use of coal is expected to gradually increase during the 21st century. In the future, the development of the coal utilization technology will become more and more important to insure the supply of liquid fuels for transportation and carbon sources for the manufacture of chemicals and plastic materials.In order to develop such technologies, the elucidation of the structure of coal is a fundamental area of study. Further, more efficient coal utilization technology must be established to meet environmental legislation. One of the key technologies for this purpose is catalysis. This volume provides detail of the basic and practical aspects of the science and technology of coal utilization with and without catalysts. The actual structure of coal, the chemistry included in the reactivity of coal, the methods to elucidate the structure of coal and re-action mechanisms of coal conversion, the most important catalyst for converting coal to liquid and gas, the role of the catalysts in coal conversion, the problems in the process engineering, and how to meet environmental regulations are discussed in detail. The recent progress in studies on the structure and reactivity of coal made over the last century is summarized and reviewed with emphasis on both fundamental and applied aspects of the science and technology for coal processing in the presence and absence of catalysts. * This book highlights the issues faced in trying to discover more efficient coal utilization technology.* Provides detailed discussion on how to meet environmental regulations and legislation. * Fills the gap between both the scientific and practical sides of coal utilization with and without catalysts.
Download or read book Chemistry and Catalysis of Coal Liquefaction written by Wendell H. Wiser and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Catalysis in Coal Liquefaction written by Frank J. Derbyshire and published by Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology. This book was released on 1988 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemistry and Catalysis of Coal Liquefaction Catalytic and Thermal Upgrading of Coal Liquid and Hydrogenation of CO to Produce Fuels Quarterly Progress Report April June 1980 written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Systematic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) studies of polycyclic ketones, e.g., 1-tetralone (1) and 2-tetralone (2) were carried out. The change in product composition as a function of sulfided catalyst type, reaction temperature, and contact time were investigated and feasible mechanistic schemes were developed. The hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) of acridine, a compound representative of linear N-containing polycyclics with a middle pyridine ring, was investigated. Results obtained show that at least two aromatic rings in the acridine system must be saturated before removal of the nitrogen atom from the middle ring could be effected. The catalytic cracking of 9,10-dihydronaphthalene was systematically investigated and a feasible mechanistic scheme for the reactions involved was developed. The study demonstrates that conventional zeolite-containing catalysts are ineffective for cracking of a middle hydroaromatic ring, flanked by two aromatic rings. Cracking of a middle hydroaromatic ring with such catalysts is effected only if the ring is flanked by at least another hydroaromatic ring, as in 1,2,3,4,9,10,11,12-octahydrophenanthrene. Studies on the effect of deactivation of commercial CoMo/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ catalysts by pyridine poisoning and by coke showed that the remaining active sites were essentially identical in character to those on the fresh catalyst. Thus, deactivation causes loss of some sites, but does not affect the activity of the remaining sites. Pyridine was much more effective in deactivating the catalyst than coke on a weight basis.
Download or read book Coal Liquefaction written by Darrell Duayne Whitehurst and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemistry and Catalysis of Coal Liquefaction written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analysis of a group of coal liquids produced by catalytic hydrogenation of Utah coals with ZnCl/sub 2/ catalyst was begun. Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and liquid chromatography techniques will be used to correlate chemical properties with hydrogenation reactivity. Equipment previously used for downflow measurements of heat and momentum transfer in a gas-coal suspension was modified for upflow measurements. The catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of methyl benzoate has been studied to elucidate the reactions of ester during upgrading of coal-derived liquids. The kinetics of hydrogenation of phenanthrene have also been determined. The catalytic cracking mechanism of octahydroanthracene is reported in detail. Studies of the hydrodesulfurization of thiophene indicate that some thiophene is strongly adsorbed as a hydrogen-deficient polymer on cobalt-molybdate catalyst. Part of the polymer can be desorbed as thiophene by hydrogenation. Poisoning of the catalyst inhibits the hydrosulfurization activity to a greater degree than the hydrogenation activity. Iron-manganese catalysts for carbon monoxide hydrogenation is studied to determine the role of iron carbide formation on selectivity. Pure iron catalyst forms a Hagg iron carbide phase under reaction conditions.
Download or read book Chemistry and Catalysis of Coal Liquefaction Catalytic and Thermal Upgrading of Coal Liquid and Hydrogenation of CO to Produce Fuels Quarterly Progress Report July September 1980 written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies on the basic properties of supported sulfide catalysts showed that different supports have a profound influence on catalytic activities of CoMo catalysts. The three functions of hydrodesulfurization, hydrogenation and cracking were differently affected depending on the support used and the manner of preparation of the catalyst. Also, incorporation of additives to the support showed that the different catalytic functions can be selectively affected. A systematic study concerned with catalytic cracking of coal-derived liquids, viz., an SRC-II middle-heavy distillate and four hydrotreated SRC-II products was carried out in the range of 375 to 500/sup 0/C (LHSV, 0.2 to 3.9 h/sup -1/). Hydrotreatment, even to a limited extent, results in a remarkable improvement in the yield of gasoline-range products from the SRC-II distillate. This improvement is ascribed to: (a) hydrogenolysis reactions leading to lower molecular weight feedstock components and (b) limited hydrogenation of aromatic rings leading to polycyclic feed components with sufficient concentration of hydroaromatic rings needed for effective cracking. The results with model compounds and the data on hydrogen consumption during hydrotreatment of SRC-II liquids indicate that for tricyclic, tetracyclic, and pentacyclic coal-liquid components the optimal concentration of hydroaromatic rings for effective subsequent cracking is at least two rings per molecule.
Download or read book Chemistry and Catalysis of Coal Liquefaction written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies of the chemistry and catalysis of coal hydrogenation have been initiated with the construction of a flow reactor for extraction of coal and the development of analytical techniques. Work was initiated on the design of a rotor for /sup 13/C nuclear magnetic resonance of solid coal and extracted coal. Studies on momentum, heat and mass transfer in a fluidized bed simulated conditions for coal hydrogenation and were used to investigate effects of particle size and solids loading. The catalytic upgrading of coal-derived liquids is investigated by studies of the catalytic denitrogenation, desulfurization, deoxygenation and cracking of model compounds. Aging of Co-Mo catalysts was found to reduce the number of active sites but not the nature of the sites. A Raney catalyst is being developed for the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide. Temperature programmed desorption was used to study the properties of an iron manganese oxide catalyst previously shown to give high yields of C/sub 2/-C/sub 10/ hydrocarbons.
Download or read book Clean Utilization of Coal written by Yuda Yürüm and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the lectures presented at the Advanced Study Institute on "Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Catalytic Solid Fuel Conversion for the Production of aean Synthetic Fuels" which was held at Ak~;ay, Edremit, Tiirkiye, between July 21 and August 3, 1991. The book includes 23 chapters originally written for the meeting by distinguished scientists an technologists in the field. l would like to acknowledge the contribution of each of the authors in the book. Their efforts have shed light on our understanding in coal science research and better utilization of coal. Three main subjects: structure and reactivity of coal; cleaning of coal and its products, and factors affecting environmental balance of energy usage and solutions for future, were discussed in the Institute and these are presented under six groups in the book. I hope that of great use to research workers from academic and industrial background. the book will be Many people contributed to the success of the Institute on which this volume was based. I take this occasion to thank my colleagues who lectured in the Institute, both for their efforts during the two weeks and their expertly prepared lecture notes that reached to me in time. The Institute was generously sponsored by the Scientific and Environmental Affairs Dh·ision of the NATO and their contribution is deeply acknowledged.
Download or read book Chemistry and Catalysis of Coal Liquefaction written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Results from 5 ongoing research tasks are reported. (LTN).
Download or read book Coal Liquefaction written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Catalysis written by John R. Anderson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A cursory examination of the current scientific and technological literature is sufficient to show the enormous interest in the possibility of producing liquid fuels from coal. There are, of course, a number of ways in which coal liquefaction may be effected. Many of the important steps are catalytic. The direct liquefaction route, that is, coal hydrogenation, has a long history with origins in the early years of this century. It also has the distinction of being a process which was once operated on a very large scale and which, having died, now shows every prospect of resurrection. The technology which finally emerges will doubtless differ significantly from the original practice, but it ·is sensible for those currently working in the field to be aware of the achievements of the past. Dr. E. Donath, who was personally involved during the heroic years of coal hydrogenation, has provid ed an historical account of the subject up to the time immediately following World War II, when the large scale process began its rapid decline to oblivion. Processes involving catalytic oxidation form a very large and important part of chemical industry. The reactions involved are very varied, ranging from the classical oxidation processes of heavy industry, such as the oxidation of sulfur dioxide or of ammonia, to selective oxidations designed to produce specific organic products from a range of possibilities. The chapter by Professor G. K.
Download or read book Symposium on Chemistry of Coal Liquefaction and Catalysis written by Hokkaidō Daigaku and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Symposium on Chemistry of Coal Liquefaction and Catalysis written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Coal Science and Chemistry written by Alexis Volborth and published by Elsevier Publishing Company. This book was released on 1987 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, specialists from a variety of disciplines address the vast and complex subject of the chemistry of coal. The book comprises two parts: the first consists of seven review articles on coal chemistry, including NMR, tandem mass spectrometry, physics, liquefaction, catalytic reactions, devolatilization and combustion. Of particular interest in this part, is the frequent inclusion in many of the contributions of the authors' own research results, hitherto unpublished elsewhere. Good examples of this are the work on magnetic susceptibility of coal (a new branch of coal physics) and the article on tandem mass spectrometry (a new branch of analytical chemistry of coal). The second part contains twelve original articles covering characterization and chemistry of coal, structure and depolymerization, analytical methods including gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, gas-liquid chromatography, size-exclusion chromatography and analysis of oxygen by fast-neutron activation. Physical chemistry and physical properties of coal are dealt with in articles on coal slurry electrolysis, oxidation, thermal decomposition, absorption and diffusion.
Download or read book Reaction Engineering in Direct Coal Liquefaction written by Yatish T. Shah and published by Addison Wesley Publishing Company. This book was released on 1981 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
