Download or read book Charging of Spinning Spacecraft written by Allen G. Rubin and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has become possible to calculate the effects of spin rate on charging only since the advent of the NASCAP three-dimensional computer simulation code. These spin effects are surveyed here for the first time. There is not only a dramatic difference in potential distribution between a three-axis stabilized and a spinning satellite, but also the case of slow spin at 1 rpm is shown to constitute a distinct intermediate case, asymptotic to the rapid spin case but with appreciable voltage modulation around the spin equator. (Author).
Download or read book Charging of Spinning Spacecraft written by Allen G. Rubin and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has become possible to calculate the effects of spin rate on charging only since the advent of the NASCAP three-dimensional computer simulation code. These spin effects are surveyed here for the first time. There is not only a dramatic difference in potential distribution between a three-axis stabilized and a spinning satellite, but also the case of slow spin at 1 rpm is shown to constitute a distinct intermediate case, asymptotic to the rapid spin case but with appreciable voltage modulation around the spin equator. (Author)
Download or read book Fundamentals of Spacecraft Charging written by Shu T. Lai and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As commercial and military spacecraft become more important to the world's economy and defense, and as new scientific and exploratory missions are launched into space, the need for a single comprehensive resource on spacecraft charging becomes increasingly critical. Fundamentals of Spacecraft Charging is the first and only textbook to bring together all the necessary concepts and equations for a complete understanding of the subject. Written by one of the field's leading authorities, this essential reference enables readers to fully grasp the newest ideas and underlying physical mechanisms related to the electrostatic charging of spacecraft in the space environment. Assuming that readers may have little or no background in this area, this complete textbook covers all aspects of the field. The coverage is detailed and thorough, and topics range from secondary and backscattered electrons, spacecraft charging in Maxwellian plasmas, effective mitigation techniques, and potential wells and barriers to operational anomalies, meteors, and neutral gas release. Significant equations are derived from first principles, and abundant examples, exercises, figures, illustrations, and tables are furnished to facilitate comprehension. Fundamentals of Spacecraft Charging is the definitive reference on the physics of spacecraft charging and is suitable for advanced undergraduates, graduate-level students, and professional space researchers.
Download or read book Failures and Anomalies Attributed to Spacecraft Charging written by R. D. Leach and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analytic Models for a Rapidly Spinning Spherical Satellite Charging in Sunlight written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present elementary analytic models for a fast-spinning, dielectric-coated, spherical spacecraft charging in sunlight. The models are based on a multipole expansion of Laplacian potentials external to the spacecraft surface. We assume azimuthal symmetry about the spin axis, and the spin period must be short compared with surface differential charging times. There are three parameters in the models: the monopole potential, the relative strength of the dipole/quadrupole components with respect to the monopole, and a mixing angle. The combination of monopole potentials along with the dipole or quadrupole contributions produce potential barriers which form at the satellite surface. These barriers can act to block escaping photoelectrons and lead to current balance, allowing sunlight charging to high negative levels. The sunlit side charges less (negatively) than the shade side and the ratio of Sun to shade potentials is near its threshold value for high-level charging. We have calculated more general cases with various values of Sun angle relative to the spin axis by combining the dipole and quadrupole components. The potential barrier shape and area vary for different cases and the maximum barrier approximately follows the Sun angle. We stress that for physical interpretation of data obtained on board, one should take into account the potential distribution and where the instrument is located.
Download or read book Guide to Mitigating Spacecraft Charging Effects written by Henry B. Garrett and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-04-20 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The definitive guide to the modern body of spacecraft charging knowledge—from first principles for the beginner to intermediate and advanced concepts The only book to blend the theoretical and practical aspects of spacecraft charging, Guide to Mitigating Spacecraft Charging Effects defines the environment that not only creates the aurora, but which also can have significant effects on spacecraft, such as disruption of science measurements and solar arrays from electrostatic discharge (ESD). It describes in detail the physics of the interaction phenomenon as well as how to construct spacecraft to enhance their survivability in the harsh environment of space. Combining the authors' extensive experience in spacecraft charging—and in their provision of design support to NASA, JPL, the commercial satellite market, and numerous other projects—this incredible book offers both a robust physics background and practical advice for neophytes in the field and experienced plasma physicists and spacecraft engineers. In addition to containing numerous equations, graphs, tables, references, and illustrations, Guide to Mitigating Spacecraft Charging Effects covers: Solar cell technology, especially higher voltage arrays, and the new design approaches that are appropriate for them Information about the space plasma environment New analytic computer codes to analyze spacecraft charging Spacecraft anomalies and failures which emphasized designs that are of greater importance than others
Download or read book Analytic Models for a Spherical Satellite Charging in Sunlight at Any Spin Rate written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present analytic models for the steady state potential distributions surrounding a spinning, dielectric-coated, spherical spacecraft charging in sunlight. The sun direction is assumed to lie in the satellite bellyband plane, perpendicular to the spin axes. The models are based on a multipole expansion of Laplacian potentials external to the spacecraft surface. The combination of monopole potentials along with the dipole or quadrupole contributions produce potential barriers which form at the satellite surface. These barriers can block escaping photoelectrons and lead to current balance, allowing sunlight charging to high negative levels. In a previous treatment, analytic models were limited to fast spin relative to differential charging rates so that the solutions had azimuthal symmetry around the spin axes. By introducing an associated Legendre term into the potential expansion, the azimuthal symmetry is removed, and the models can be developed to encompass any spin rate. The analysis turns up three functions of spin rate which are only known at the spin limits, but the characteristics of the charging of a rotating sphere can be explored using approximate forms which represent the basic trends.
Download or read book Physics of Satellite Surface Charging written by Shu T. Lai and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-03-18 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will explore the fundamentals of spacecraft charging: why it occurs, when it occurs, where it occurs, how to measure it, and its side effects. It will discuss state-of-the-art spacecraft charging technologies, which will be explained in detail and with pedagogical emphasis. Exercises for further learning will be included to facilitate a deeper understanding of the material. It will be of interest to advanced undergraduate and graduate students, in addition to researchers working in physics and engineering keen to understand more about spacecraft interactions with space plasmas. Key Features: Translates complex terminology into accessible language Authored by experts in the field Provides worked examples and exercises for further learning
Download or read book High level Spacecraft Charging Environments Near Geosynchronous Orbit written by E. G. Mullen and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-level spacecraft charging events in sunlight are discussed and statistically analyzed to determine environmental parameters critical to charging and the region of space near geosynchronous altitude where charging occurs. Significant levels of spacecraft charging are shown to occur only between 1900 LT and 0900 LT at any altitude or latitude of the SCATHA satellite orbit. High-level charging is shown to occur only during periods when the magnetic activity index is 2+ or greater. Distribution functions of energetic electrons and ions are presented for 3 high-level charging periods on days 114, 241 and 363, 1979. Moments of the distribution functions are determined, and fitting techniques used to derive two-Maxwellian densities and temperatures are discussed. Results are provided in a format usable in satellite design specifications.
Download or read book Physics of Satellite Surface Charging written by Shu T. Lai and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-03-18 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will explore the fundamentals of spacecraft charging: why it occurs, when it occurs, where it occurs, how to measure it, and its side effects. It will discuss state-of-the-art spacecraft charging technologies, which will be explained in detail and with pedagogical emphasis. Exercises for further learning will be included to facilitate a deeper understanding of the material. It will be of interest to advanced undergraduate and graduate students, in addition to researchers working in physics and engineering keen to understand more about spacecraft interactions with space plasmas. Key Features: Translates complex terminology into accessible language Authored by experts in the field Provides worked examples and exercises for further learning
Download or read book Analytic Models for Sunlight Charging of a Rapidly Spinning Satellite written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A satellite in sunlight can charge to substantial negative voltages, even though the photoelectron surface current is typically much larger than the ambient currents in space, because escaping photoelectrons can be blocked by local potential barriers. In this report, we discuss two analytic models for sunlight charging of a rapidly spinning spherical satellite, both of which are based on blocked photoelectron currents: the monopole-dipole model where the spin axis points at the sun and the monopole-quadrupole model where the sun is perpendicular to the spin axis. A comparison is made between the calculated ratio between the maximum and minimum potentials on the surface and measured ratios for eclipse to sunlight charging obtained from satellites in geosynchronous orbit.
Download or read book Spacecraft Charging Technology 1978 written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 918 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Simulation of Deployment Dynamics of Spinning Spacecraft written by William E. Lang and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Aspects of Spacecraft Charging in Sunlight written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper is an overview of spacecraft charging in sunlight. The daylight photoelectron flux emitted from spacecraft surfaces normally exceeds the ambient electron flux. As a result, charging of spacecraft surfaces to positive voltage is expected to occur in sunlight. Indeed, spacecraft are often observed to charge to low positive voltages in sunlight. However, spacecraft can charge to high-level (kilo-electron-volts) negative voltages in sunlight. Why do spacecraft charge negatively in sunlight? One chief reason concerns differential charging between the sunlit and dark sides. For a satellite with dielectric surfaces, an electric field builds up on the shaded surfaces and then wraps around to the sunlit side to form a potential barrier that suppresses the photoemission. A monopole-dipole (for zero spin) or monopole-quadrupole model (for fast spin) describes the differential charging potential distribution due to blocked photoelectrons. It is shown that these cases are similar to a more general multipole potential field in that the surface node potentials satisfy an approximate linear relation. These cases are all driven by the shade side charging so that the onset for charging is approximately the same in sunlight or eclipse if conduction currents through the spacecraft can be neglected.
Download or read book Spacecraft Charging written by Shu T. Lai and published by Progress in Astronautics and A. This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains how satellites and spacecraft materials can become charged to tens or even thousands of volts when plasmas in the space environment interact with them. It provides an overview of the what, when, where, how, and why spacecraft charging occurs. Coverage includes: properties of spacecraft charging and the underlying physical mechanisms; causes of energetic plasmas; how to protect spacecraft entering the harsh space environment; adverse effects of electrostatic discharges on spacecraft; spacecraft charging in auroral region; and deep dielectric charging by energetic electrons as causes of satellite anomalies and failures
Download or read book Monopole Quadrupole Model of Spacecraft Charging in Sunlight written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geophysics research spacecraft are often covered partially with thin layers of dielectrics such as kapton or thermal blanket materials. Analytical modeling of the charging of a dielectric spacecraft in sunlight needs to go beyond the monopole potential and include a dipole term. If the capacitances of the dielectric 1ayers are sufficiently large and the spacecraft spin rate is sufficiently fast the potentials may be determined on the basis of spin averaged spectra of electron and ion fluxes. In such a condition the potential distribution resembles that of monopole-quadrupole system. We formulate the monopole-quadrupole case and compare it to the monopole-dipole model.
Download or read book Rapid Variations in Spacecraft Potential written by Henry Berry Garrett and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing complexity and sophistication of synchronous orbit satellites has resulted in a corresponding increase in their susceptibility to anomalous behavior and disruption. Many of these problems can be attributed to the buildup of large potentials on various surfaces of the satellites in response to the ambient space plasma. Such large potentials (as great as -20,000 V relative to the ambient plasma) can produce anomalies and disruptions by causing arcing between the surfaces. In this report, the question of the time rate of change of satellite potential is studied. Theory and observations are reviewed to give estimates of the time rate of change in potentials encountered at synchronous orbit. A clear need for future study is indicated. Plans for instrumentation being developed at AFGL to study the area are discussed. (Author).
