Download or read book Characterizing Nanoparticle Interactions at the Cellular Membrane written by Arielle Christen Mensch and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the use of nanotechnology continues to rise, the release of engineered nanomaterials into the environment becomes inevitable. A need exists to understand the implications of engineered nanomaterials and to develop sustainable alternatives as adverse impacts are uncovered. In order to reduce any negative impacts of nanomaterials and exploit any beneficial impacts, the field of environmental nanotechnology must aim to understand the behavior of nanomaterials in complex environments through the use of [in situ] analytical methods and utilize model systems (both in terms of nanomaterials and organisms) to determine the chemical factors that drive nanoparticle behavior. The work presented here focuses on the cellular membrane, which is hypothesized to be the first point of contact between a nanomaterial and an organism. The characterization of different models cellular membranes and the characterization of nanoparticle interactions at these model membranes are presented. First, we investigated the impact of natural organic matter (NOM), which is found ubiquitously in the environment, on the interactions between polymer wrapped diamond nanoparticles (DNPs) and lipopolysaccharide-containing supported lipid bilayers, a model for Gram-negative bacteria cell membranes. To demonstrate the relevance of our model system we extended our study to include experiments using a Gram-negative bacterium, [Shewanella oneidensis] MR-1. We found that NOM impacted the hydrodynamic and electrokinetic properties of DNPs in a concentration dependent manner, which altered subsequent interactions with both model and actual biological membranes. Our results demonstrate that the effects of NOM coronas on nanoparticle properties and interactions with biological surfaces can depend on the relative amounts of NOM and nanoparticles. We then examined the impact of polymer wrapped quantum dots (QDs) on supported lipid bilayers containing important biomolecules found in the outer membrane of eukaryotic cells (cholesterol and sphingomyelin). We used [in situ] analytical methods to study these interactions in real time and found that the QDs caused structural changes to the bilayers studied. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring coupled with nanoplasmonic sensing revealed favorable interaction between the QDs and the bilayers. Increases in dissipation and apparent mass gains upon rinse suggested structural rearrangement was occurring. Time-lapsed atomic force microscopy confirmed this hypothesis and revealed the disappearance of phase-segregated domains upon interaction with the QDs. Our results demonstrate the importance of using complementary [in situ] analytical methods to understand the complex interactions that occur at the cellular membrane. We next demonstrate the powerful capabilities of atomic force microscopy for imaging and characterizing biological membranes. We investigate the impact of the substrate in the formation and characteristics of phase-segregated domains in supported lipid bilayers. We considered commonly used substrates in different analytical techniques (e.g., mica, silica, and glass). We discussed the importance of considering the substrate in drawing conclusions across different techniques. We also demonstrated the spatial and temporal correlation of atomic force and fluorescence microscopy. Finally, we extended our work using atomic force microscopy and developed a protocol to image and characterize the mechanical properties of fixed and live rainbow trout ([Oncorhynchus mykiss]) gill epithelial cells. We discussed various experimental variables such as instrumental parameters, type of AFM probe used, and the confluency of the cells on the substrate. We found that the ideal imaging conditions included using an AFM probe with a low spring constant and relatively dull tip, working with cells grown to ~75% confluency, and scanning at low speeds, high amplitudes, and minimal forces. We showed that fixed trout gill cells had an increased height and modulus value as compared to live cells. This work demonstrated the first example of AFM imaging and mechanical mapping on either fixed or live trout gill cells and set a protocol to examine the impacts of different stressors, such as nanomaterials, on trout gill cells.

Download or read book Characterization of Microbial Cell Membrane and Nanoparticle Interactions written by Darryl Nathaniel Williams and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Characterization of Pharmaceutical Nano and Microsystems written by Leena Peltonen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-12-21 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn about the analytical tools used to characterize particulate drug delivery systems with this comprehensive overview Edited by a leading expert in the field, Characterization of Pharmaceutical Nano- and Microsystems provides a complete description of the analytical techniques used to characterize particulate drug systems on the micro- and nanoscale. The book offers readers a full understanding of the basic physicochemical characteristics, material properties and differences between micro- and nanosystems. It explains how and why greater experience and more reliable measurement techniques are required as particle size shrinks, and the measured phenomena grow weaker. Characterization of Pharmaceutical Nano- and Microsystems deals with a wide variety of topics relevant to chemical and solid-state analysis of drug delivery systems, including drug release, permeation, cell interaction, and safety. It is a complete resource for those interested in the development and manufacture of new medicines, the drug development process, and the translation of those drugs into life-enriching and lifesaving medicines. Characterization of Pharmaceutical Nano- and Microsystems covers all of the following topics: An introduction to the analytical tools applied to determine particle size, morphology, and shape Common chemical approaches to drug system characterization A description of solid-state characterization of drug systems Drug release and permeation studies Toxicity and safety issues The interaction of drug particles with cells Perfect for pharmaceutical chemists and engineers, as well as all other industry professionals and researchers who deal with drug delivery systems on a regular basis, Characterization of Pharmaceutical Nano- and Microsystems also belongs on bookshelves of interested students and faculty who interact with this topic.

Download or read book Characterization of Nanoparticle protein and lipid Interactions in Synthetic Membranes written by Amanda M. Rundle and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Membrane Characterization written by Nidal Hilal and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-02-18 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Membrane Characterization provides a valuable source of information on how membranes are characterized, an extremely limited field that is confined to only brief descriptions in various technical papers available online. For the first time, readers will be able to understand the importance of membrane characterization, the techniques required, and the fundamental theory behind them. This book focuses on characterization techniques that are normally used for membranes prepared from polymeric, ceramic, and composite materials. Features specific details on many membrane characterization techniques for various membrane materials of industrial and academic interest Contains examples of international best practice techniques for the evaluation of several membrane parameters, including pore size, charge, and fouling Discusses various membrane models more suitable to a specific application Provides examples of ab initio calculations for the design, optimization, and scale-up of processes based on characterization data

Download or read book Nanoparticles Promises and Risks written by Mihai Lungu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-28 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus of this interdisciplinary volume is on four areas of nanoparticle research: characterization, manipulation, and potential effects on humanity and the environment. The book includes a comprehensive collection of data on industrial nanoparticle creation and the characterization of the nanoscale products of these processes. The authors describe the effects of these nanoscale structures on human health and discuss prospective implementations for detection and characterization of nanoparticles in the environment. They recommend, utilizing the most up-to-date understanding of nanotechnology, methods for limiting the negative effects of these products on the environment and human health through manipulation, sorting, and filtration.

Download or read book Biological Responses to Nanoscale Particles written by Peter Gehr and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-16 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book the recent progress accumulated in studies of the interaction of engineered nanoparticles with cells and cellular constituents is presented. The focus is on manufacturing and characterization of nanosized materials, their interactions with biological molecules such as proteins, the mechanisms of transport across biological membranes as well as their effects on biological functions. Fundamental molecular and cellular aspects are in the foreground of the book. A further particularity is the interdisciplinary approach, including fields such as preparatory and analytical chemistry, biophysics and the physics of colloids, advanced microscopy and spectroscopy for in-situ detection of nanoparticles, cellular toxicology and nanomedicine. Nanoscale particles are known to exhibit novel and unprecedented properties that make them different from their corresponding bulk materials. As our ability to control these properties is further advanced, a huge potential to create materials with novel properties and applications emerges. Although the technological and economic benefits of nanomaterials are indisputable, concerns have also been raised that nanoscale structuring of materials might also induce negative health effects. Unfortunately, such negative health effects cannot be deduced from the known toxicity of the corresponding macroscopic material. As a result, there is a major gap in the knowledge necessary for assessing their risk to human health.

Download or read book Nanoparticles in Anti Microbial Materials written by Fiona Regan and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2012-07-30 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many nanomaterials exhibit anti-microbial properties and demand for such materials grows as new applications are found in such areas as medicine, environmental science and specialised coatings. This book documents the most up to date research on the area of nanoparticles showing anti-microbial activity and discusses their preparation and characterisation. Further materials showing potential anti-microbial properties are also discussed. With its user-friendly approach to applications, this book is an excellent reference for practical use in the lab. Its emphasis on material characterisation will benefit both the analytical and materials scientist. Frequent references to the primary literature ensure that the book is a good source of information to newcomers and experienced practitioners alike. Chapters devoted to nanoparticles, microbial impacts on surfaces and molecular biology are essential reading, while chapters on characterisation ensure this book stands out in the field.

Download or read book Analytical Models to Understand Interactions at the Nano bio Interface written by Christian A. Reardon-Lochbaum and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanomaterials are synthesized for use in a wide variety of consumer and industrial products, which will inadvertently lead to nanomaterial exposure to biological systems; additionally, nanomaterials are being explored for application in both the medical and agricultural fields, which constitutes intentional nanomaterial exposure to biological systems. With the rapid expansion in the quantity and variety of nanomaterials being synthesized, it has become a huge undertaking to characterize the interactions at the nano-bio interface. Here, I present a series of studies that work towards developing and utilizing model systems to characterize interactions between nanomaterials and cellular membranes or biological fluids. This work targets two model membrane systems-the supported lipid bilayer and unilamellar vesicles-and one biological fluid model system-plant xylem fluid. Membranes make up one of the cells most robust defense systems from invasive material. They provide both a physical and chemical barrier between the interior and exterior of the cell. Cellular membranes are complex, containing multitudes of different lipid varieties that assemble into surface features and incorporate membrane proteins that actively perform tasks while contained within the bilayer. Due to this complexity, interactions between native cell membranes and nanoparticles are difficult to characterize when performing whole cell exposure studies. Lipid bilayer model systems simplify the cell membrane down to a handful of molecular components so that fundamental mechanisms of interaction between nanoparticles and lipids can be studied. The work presented here has focused on the simplest variety of model lipid bilayer, the single component lipid bilayer, to allow for rigorous characterization of molecular interactions with nanomaterials. We used the first model system highlighted here, supported lipid bilayers, to understand the interactions between ligand coated gold nanoparticles and cellular membranes. We exposed supported lipid bilayers to 2 nm gold nanoparticles functionalized with ligands of systematically increasing lipophilicity. We found that increasing lipophilicity of ligands increased the maximum mass density of nanoparticle adsorption and the rate at which nanoparticles converted to the quasi-irreversibly adsorbed state. The quasi-irreversibly bound state was linked to ligand insertion, which we define by the ability of a ligand to form hydrophobic contact with lipid tail groups. An issue with previous applications of the supported lipid bilayer system is that it under predicts the interaction of anionic nanoparticles with the membrane when compared to both computational and cellular exposure models. We found that interactions between anionic nanoparticles and supported lipid bilayers are impacted by the composition of the substrate upon which the bilayer is built. Specifically, we find that SiO2-a widely used substrate-hindered the adsorption of anionic gold nanoparticles to the bilayer as compared to a Au substrate. This change is attributed to both the increased attractive van der Waals forces and decreased repulsive Coulombic forces of nanoparticles interacting with bilayers formed on Au vs SiO2 substrates, respectively. A second model membrane system, unilamellar vesicles, has been used to monitor nanomaterial induced disruption or remodeling of lipid bilayers; however, a difficulty when using this model system is the inability to rigorously track the nanomaterial with respect to a disruption or remodeling event, due to the small size dimensions of the nanoparticle. We work to develop a method of tracking both fluorescent vesicles and nanomaterials simultaneously with convex lens induced confinement. The final set of studies presented here utilizes a third model biological system: plant xylem fluid. Nanomaterial based approaches to suppressing plant disease and increasing crop yields are being explored; however, little is known about molecular level interactions between the nanomaterials proposed in this research and the plants. We conducted a set of measurements to understand how copper oxide nanoparticles, a nanomaterial that has shown promise as a micronutrient delivery to plants, interact with the biomolecules found in xylem fluid. We found that proteins from the xylem fluid associate with the nanoparticles, a phenomenon known as biomolecular corona formation. Additionally, we found that protein adsorption is selective to a subset of proteins found within the xylem fluid and the corona evolves over time.0́3

Download or read book In situ Characterization Techniques for Nanomaterials written by Challa S.S.R. Kumar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-04-17 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seventh volume of a 40 volume series on nanoscience and nanotechnology, edited by the renowned scientist Challa S.S.R. Kumar. This handbook gives a comprehensive overview about In-situ Characterization Techniques for Nanomaterials. Modern applications and state-of-the-art techniques are covered and make this volume an essential reading for research scientists in academia and industry.

Download or read book Interfacial Phenomena on Biological Membranes written by Manoranjan Arakha and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-10 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on important interfacial phenomena, such as interfacial potential and interfacial multi-functionality, responsible for determining the fate of nanoparticles inside the biological milieu. Additionally, this book explores the role of surface defects in photocatalytic nanoparticles in defining the nanoparticle interaction to biological membrane and cytotoxic propensity.The authors describe the interfacial assembly of peptide/protein on conformational/functional dynamics of the peptide/protein, which may be adopted as an approach to moderate the protein misfolding diseases.

Download or read book Characterization of Pharmaceutical Nano and Microsystems written by Leena Peltonen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-10-27 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn about the analytical tools used to characterize particulate drug delivery systems with this comprehensive overview Edited by a leading expert in the field, Characterization of Pharmaceutical Nano- and Microsystems provides a complete description of the analytical techniques used to characterize particulate drug systems on the micro- and nanoscale. The book offers readers a full understanding of the basic physicochemical characteristics, material properties and differences between micro- and nanosystems. It explains how and why greater experience and more reliable measurement techniques are required as particle size shrinks, and the measured phenomena grow weaker. Characterization of Pharmaceutical Nano- and Microsystems deals with a wide variety of topics relevant to chemical and solid-state analysis of drug delivery systems, including drug release, permeation, cell interaction, and safety. It is a complete resource for those interested in the development and manufacture of new medicines, the drug development process, and the translation of those drugs into life-enriching and lifesaving medicines. Characterization of Pharmaceutical Nano- and Microsystems covers all of the following topics: An introduction to the analytical tools applied to determine particle size, morphology, and shape Common chemical approaches to drug system characterization A description of solid-state characterization of drug systems Drug release and permeation studies Toxicity and safety issues The interaction of drug particles with cells Perfect for pharmaceutical chemists and engineers, as well as all other industry professionals and researchers who deal with drug delivery systems on a regular basis, Characterization of Pharmaceutical Nano- and Microsystems also belongs on bookshelves of interested students and faculty who interact with this topic.

Download or read book Drug Delivery Nanoparticles Formulation and Characterization written by Yashwant Pathak and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring fundamental concepts, Drug Delivery Nanoparticles Formulation and Characterization presents key aspects of nanoparticulate system development for various therapeutic applications and provides advanced methods used to file for regulatory approval.This comprehensive guide features:Process Analytical Techniques (PAT) used in manufacturing Na

Download or read book Challenges in Characterizing Small Particles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-04-02 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Small particles are ubiquitous in the natural and built worlds and have tremendous impact throughout. However, a lack of understanding about the properties and chemical composition of small particles limits our ability to predict, and control their applications and impacts. Challenges in Characterizing Small Particles: Exploring Particles from the Nano- to Microscales summarizes presentations and discussions at a 2010 National Academies roundtable. Speakers at this roundtable discussed the crucial types of information that need to be determined about small particles in different media. They also explored the critical importance of small particles in environmental science, materials and chemical sciences, biological science, and engineering, and the many challenges involved in characterizing materials at the nano- and microscales. The discussions on characterization included static, dynamic, experimental, computational, and theoretical characterization. The workshop also included several "research tool" presentations that highlighted new advances in characterizing small particles.

Download or read book Challenges in Characterizing Small Particles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-05-02 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Small particles are ubiquitous in the natural and built worlds and have tremendous impact throughout. However, a lack of understanding about the properties and chemical composition of small particles limits our ability to predict, and control their applications and impacts. Challenges in Characterizing Small Particles: Exploring Particles from the Nano- to Microscales summarizes presentations and discussions at a 2010 National Academies roundtable. Speakers at this roundtable discussed the crucial types of information that need to be determined about small particles in different media. They also explored the critical importance of small particles in environmental science, materials and chemical sciences, biological science, and engineering, and the many challenges involved in characterizing materials at the nano- and microscales. The discussions on characterization included static, dynamic, experimental, computational, and theoretical characterization. The workshop also included several "research tool" presentations that highlighted new advances in characterizing small particles.

Download or read book Characterizing Nanoparticles written by Christopher Robert Perrey and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Functionalization and Characterization of Carbon Nanomaterials written by Yongqian Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon nanomaterials are of great interest due to their extraordinary chemical, thermal, and electrochemical stability, enabling a wide range of applications including selective electrodes, platforms for biosensing and quantum-based sensing, and therapeutic agents. However, proper surface modification of these materials plays a key role in advancing their applications by controlling chemical and physical properties. Specifically, charged functional groups play a crucial role in determining the colloidal stability and biocompatibility at functionalized nanomaterials surfaces. However, charged functional groups also interact strongly with biological membranes via electrostatic interactions, often in deleterious ways. To achieve better control and prediction of cellular responses and membrane interactions upon nanoparticle exposure, a deeper understanding of the mechanistic insights of the specific NP-membrane interactions are still needed. Using carbon-based nanoparticle as a model system, we systematically functionalized nanocarbon surfaces with five different cationic surface molecules having different molecular structures and conformations, to investigate the molecular-level interaction between these nanoparticles and model phospholipid membranes and Gram-negative bacterial cells. In this thesis, I will demonstrate 1) a novel wet chemical functionalization method that can be applied to carbon-based nanomaterials and thin films, having the ability to precisely control surface properties; 2) an NMR-based methodology that provide new insights on the dynamics and conformations of nanoparticle-bound molecules; and 3) effective employment of these tool kits to investigate the influences of NPs surface properties on biological responses including cell-viability and membrane interactions. Our results show that the conformation and dynamics of the surface molecular layer at nanoparticle surfaces are crucial factors in controlling the biological impact of charge functionalized nanoparticles. Our studies enable a deeper understanding of biological responses to nanomaterials and will facilitate the design of safer, more sustainable nanomaterials.