Download or read book Characterization of Thin Films and Membranes written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Thin Films Preparation Characterization Applications written by Manuel P. Soriaga and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about thin films; what they are, how they are prepared, how they are characterized, and what they are used for. The contents of this book not only showcase the diversity of thin films, but also reveals the commonality among the work performed in a variety of areas. The chapters in this volume are based on invited papers presented by prominent researchers in the field at a Symposium on "Thin Films: Preparation, Characterization, Applications" at the 221st National Meeting of the American Chemical Society held in San Diego, California. The coverage of the symposium was extensive; topics ranged from highly-ordered metal adlayers on well-defined electrode surfaces to bio-organic films on non-metallic nanoparticles. An objective of this book is for the readers to be able to draw from the experience and results of others in order to improve and expand the understanding of the science and technology of their own thin films systems.
Download or read book Polyamide Thin Film Composite Membranes for Water Applications written by Ying Siew Khoo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-04-26 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global market for polymeric membranes used in water and wastewater treatment is experiencing robust growth, with polyamide (PA) thin film composite (TFC) membranes dominating reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) processes. This monograph presents the latest trends in characterization techniques for PA TFC membranes and provides the most current and relevant information on these techniques tailored specifically for TFC NF and RO membranes. Features • Focuses solely on the characterization of PA TFC membranes used in water and wastewater treatment. • Provides the latest insights into employing advanced and emerging characterization tools to analyze the intrinsic properties of the PA selective layer and evaluate the overall performance of PA TFC membranes during filtration processes. • Extensively examines the strengths and limitations of each membrane characterization tool, offering in-depth analyses for readers. This book is an indispensable reference and practical guide for advanced students, researchers, and scientists involved in NF and RO membrane fabrication and characterization, including those in the fields of chemical, materials, and environmental engineering.
Download or read book Characterization of Polymer Surfaces and Thin Films written by K. Grundke and published by Progress in Colloid and Polymer Science. This book was released on 2006-05-09 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume includes contributions to the 10th Dresden Polymer Discussion which was held in Meißen near Dresden from April 10 to 13, 2005 organized by the Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden and the Institute of Macromolecular and Textile Chemistry of the Technische Universität Dresden. The meeting was focussed on Characterization of Polymer Surfaces and Thin Films. Comprehensive characterization of surfaces and interfaces is essential to relate surface and thin film properties to micro structure and molecular origin, which is, on the other hand, the key to technological control and improvement of materials. The contributions in this volume cover a representative spectrum of surface sensitive techniques and their application to polymer surface and thin film characterization as well as recent examples of technologically relevant materials and process development.
Download or read book Surfaces and Interfaces for Biomaterials written by Pankaj Vadgama and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-06-14 with total page 834 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given such problems as rejection, the interface between an implant and its human host is a critical area in biomaterials. Surfaces and Interfaces for Biomaterials summarizes the wealth of research on understanding the surface properties of biomaterials and the way they interact with human tissue. The first part of the book reviews the way biomaterial surfaces form. Part Two then discusses ways of monitoring and characterizing surface structure and behavior. The final two parts of the book look at a range of in vitro and in vivo studies of the complex interactions between biomaterials and the body. Chapters cover such topics as bone and tissue regeneration, the role of interface interactions in biodegradable biomaterials, microbial biofilm formation, vascular tissue engineering and ways of modifying biomaterial surfaces to improve biocompatibility. Surfaces and Interfaces for Biomaterials will be a standard work on how to understand and control surface processes in ensuring biomaterials are used successfully in medicine.
Download or read book Preparation and Characterization of Zeolite Thin Films and Membranes written by Mark C. Lovallo and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Thin Film Solar Cells written by Jef Poortmans and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-10-16 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thin-film solar cells are either emerging or about to emerge from the research laboratory to become commercially available devices finding practical various applications. Currently no textbook outlining the basic theoretical background, methods of fabrication and applications currently exist. Thus, this book aims to present for the first time an in-depth overview of this topic covering a broad range of thin-film solar cell technologies including both organic and inorganic materials, presented in a systematic fashion, by the scientific leaders in the respective domains. It covers a broad range of related topics, from physical principles to design, fabrication, characterization, and applications of novel photovoltaic devices.
Download or read book Thin Film Analysis by X Ray Scattering written by Mario Birkholz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-05-12 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With contributions by Paul F. Fewster and Christoph Genzel While X-ray diffraction investigation of powders and polycrystalline matter was at the forefront of materials science in the 1960s and 70s, high-tech applications at the beginning of the 21st century are driven by the materials science of thin films. Very much an interdisciplinary field, chemists, biochemists, materials scientists, physicists and engineers all have a common interest in thin films and their manifold uses and applications. Grain size, porosity, density, preferred orientation and other properties are important to know: whether thin films fulfill their intended function depends crucially on their structure and morphology once a chemical composition has been chosen. Although their backgrounds differ greatly, all the involved specialists a profound understanding of how structural properties may be determined in order to perform their respective tasks in search of new and modern materials, coatings and functions. The author undertakes this in-depth introduction to the field of thin film X-ray characterization in a clear and precise manner.
Download or read book Nanocoatings and Ultra Thin Films written by Abdel Salam Hamdy Makhlouf and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-09-14 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coatings are used for a wide range of applications, from anti-fogging coatings for glass through to corrosion control in the aerospace and automotive industries. Nanocoatings and ultra-thin films provides an up-to-date review of the fundamentals, processes of deposition, characterisation and applications of nanocoatings.Part one covers technologies used in the creation and analysis of thin films, including chapters on current and advanced coating technologies in industry, nanostructured thin films from amphiphilic molecules, chemical and physical vapour deposition methods and methods for analysing nanocoatings and ultra-thin films. Part two focuses on the applications of nanocoatings and ultra-thin films, with chapters covering topics such as nanocoatings for architectural glass, packaging applications, conventional and smart nanocoatings for corrosion protection in aerospace engineering and ultra-thin membranes for sensor applications.With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Nanocoatings and ultra-thin films is an essential reference for professional engineers in the glazing, consctruction, electronics and transport industries, as well as all those with an academic research interest in the field. - Provides an up-to-date review of the fundamentals, processes of deposition, characterisation and applications of nanocoatings - Focuses on the applications of nanocoatings and ultra-thin films, covering topics such as nanocoatings for architectural glass, packaging applications and ultra-thin membranes for sensor applications - Includes chapters on current and advanced coating technologies in industry, nanostructured thin films from amphiphilic molecules, chemical and physical vapour deposition methods and methods for analysing nanocoatings and ultra-thin films
Download or read book Characterization and Spectroscopy of Thin Films written by Hari Singh Nalwa and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 773 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nanofiltration Membranes written by Lau Woei Jye and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-12-19 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering fabrication, characterization, and applications nanofiltration (NF) membranes, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the development of NF membrane technology over the past decade. It uniquely covers a variety of fabrication techniques, comparing the procedures of each technique to produce polymeric membranes of different morphologies. The book also discusses advances in the materials used in thin film composite (TFC) polyamide membrane fabrication and their influences on properties with respect to structural and separation characteristics. A comprehensive review on NF characterization methods and techniques is provided, assessing physical and chemical properties and separation characteristics and stability. Technical challenges in fabricating a new generation of NF membranes are also reviewed and the possible approaches to overcome the challenges are provided. The book concludes with relevant case studies on the use of NF membranes in industrial implementation of both aqueous and nonaqueous media. Details the latest progress on the fabrication techniques of asymmetric and composite NF membranes. Discusses characterization methods used in assessing membrane physical/chemical properties, separation characteristics, and performance stability. Describes the potential of advanced materials in improving properties of polyamide selective layer as well as microporous substrate. Reviews the technical challenges in fabricating a new generation of composite membrane—thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane—possible approaches to overcome challenges. Offers case studies on the applications of NF membranes for both aqueous and nonaqueous media.
Download or read book Thin film and Depth profile Analysis written by H. W. Etzkorn and published by Springer. This book was released on 1984 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Metal polyaniline Thin Films and Membranes written by Yan Liu and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Polyaniline (PAni), an inherently conducting polymer, was synthesized with different intrinsic oxidation states from emeraldine salt (ES) and emeraldine base (EB) to leucoemeraldine base (LM). Free-standing membranes and thin film bi-layers of metal-polyaniline were fabricated by magnetron sputter deposition of aluminum, copper, titanium and iron onto the polyaniline films. Metal-polyaniline samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to investigate the microstructures of specimens. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to study the chemical bonding and interactions between depsoited metals and polyaniline at the interfaces. Acoustic transmission properties of metal-polyaniline membranes were characterized by measuring the insertion loss as a function of acoustic frequencies and membrane geometry in various testing environments. Results indicated that the type of metal and the intrinsic oxidation state of the polyaniline influenced the structures and chemistry of the metal-polyaniline interfaces and membranes"--Abstract, leaf iii.
Download or read book Characterization of Organic Thin Films written by Abraham Ulman and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 1995 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Characterization of Organic Thin Films will help materials scientists, physicists, chemists, and biologists develop a fundamental understanding of structure-properties relationships which in turn makes possible molecular engineering of advanced materials and opens new opportunities in molecular manufacturing.
Download or read book Handbook of Thin Film Materials Characterization and spectroscopy of thin films written by Hari Singh Nalwa and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vol.1: Deposition and processing of thin films; Vol.2: Characterization and spectroscopy of thin films; Vol.3: Ferroelectric and dielectric thin films; Vol.4: Semiconductor and superconductor thin films; Vol.5: Nanomaterials and magnetic thin flims
Download or read book Microscopic Characterization of the Nanostructure of Polyamide Thin Films in Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Membranes written by Federico Alberto Pacheco Oreamuno and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall objective of this dissertation is to provide a thorough characterization of the nanostructure of polyamide thin films to achieve a better understanding of transport and rejection mechanisms in reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes. The active layer in state-of-the-art RO membranes consists of cross-linked networks of fully aromatic polyamide, with an overall average thickness of approximately 200 nm and a heterogeneous structure that confers the membrane a relatively rough surface described in the field as the ridge-and-valley structure (root-mean-square (RMS) roughness of about 100 nm). The ability to separate these polyamide films from the underlying polysulfone support was used in combination with advanced microscopy methods to investigate the nanostructure of the thin films. Two new methods for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were developed for this purpose. The first technique produced cross-sectional images of isolated polyamide thin films by removing the polysulfone support from TEM cross-sections of regular membranes. In the second technique called "projected area" TEM (PA-TEM), isolated polyamide thin films were placed with their surface perpendicular to the electron beam. The resulting images captured the thickness, morphology and mass density of the entire thin film. Cross-sectional and PA-TEM images of isolated films revealed the existence of a 20--60 nm compact base of nodular polyamide that forms the interface with the polysulfone support and from which the more open ridge-and-valley structure extends outward. In contrast, the semi-aromatic polyamide active film in NF membranes is approximately 40 nm thick with an extremely smooth surface (RMS roughness of about 7 nm). The ridge-and-valley structure is absent in these films. To further examine which sections of the film are actively involved in the transport and rejection mechanisms (i.e., to look for specific areas of higher water permeability that could be more sensitive to initial fouling), dead-end filtration experiments with 10 nm gold nanoparticles were performed. The working hypothesis was that the nanoparticles would follow the flow streamlines as water enters the membrane, thereby serving as conservative markers to pinpoint areas of the surface where enhanced water transport occurs. Surveying relatively small membrane areas of about 7 square microns revealed that for the nanofiltration membrane NF270, nanoparticles did not deposit uniformly over the entire surface of the membrane but instead formed networks of nanoparticle clusters leaving some regions of the membrane completely uncovered. In addition to the local permeability differences, nanoparticle deposition also reflected regional permeability variations at significantly larger scales (of several thousand square microns) that produced leopard-skin patterns. The formation of these nanoparticle deposition patterns at various scales verified the existence of high water permeability sites or hot spots on the membrane surface. Although no flux decline was detected in these experiments, it is likely that fouling would first occur at these sites.
Download or read book Membrane Characterization written by Nidal Hilal and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-02-18 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Membrane Characterization provides a valuable source of information on how membranes are characterized, an extremely limited field that is confined to only brief descriptions in various technical papers available online. For the first time, readers will be able to understand the importance of membrane characterization, the techniques required, and the fundamental theory behind them. This book focuses on characterization techniques that are normally used for membranes prepared from polymeric, ceramic, and composite materials. - Features specific details on many membrane characterization techniques for various membrane materials of industrial and academic interest - Contains examples of international best practice techniques for the evaluation of several membrane parameters, including pore size, charge, and fouling - Discusses various membrane models more suitable to a specific application - Provides examples of ab initio calculations for the design, optimization, and scale-up of processes based on characterization data
