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Book CHARACTERIZATION OF ONCOGENIC

Download or read book CHARACTERIZATION OF ONCOGENIC written by Qinghui Hu and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Characterization of Oncogenic Function of MicroRNA665 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma" by Qinghui, Hu, 胡庆慧, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has been increasing in incidence, but knowledge of the genetic basis of this disease remains limited. In general, esophageal carcinoma can be divided into two main types: Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma (EAC). The pathogenesis of esophageal carcinoma still remains unclear, although some risk factors like chronic irritation, or chronic inflammation which may be caused by diseases such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or unhealthy lifestyles like smoking have been proved to be related to the carcinogenic process. Diagnosis and treatment for this kind of cancer have continue to develop and evolve, but the 5-year overall survival rate is still relatively low. Therefore, it is clinically important to identify any potential genetic changes which may help us to discover some useful biomarker targets for the further development of more direct and harmless targeted therapy for our esophageal cancer patients. Objectives: In this study, I aimed to identify some potential oncogenic microRNA (miRNA) and to study their clinical meaning in ESCC patients. Methods: Microarray was applied to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in ESCC tumour tissue, compared with corresponding adjacent non-tumour esophageal tissue. One candidate oncogenic miRNA, miR-665, was investigated in the present study. After testing the expression level of miR-665 in ESCC cell lines and patients' samples with RT-PCR, miR-665 stably expressing cells was established using two ESCC cell lines (KYSE30 and KYSE510). Functional characterization was then conducted using in vitro and in vivo assays to examine the effect of miR-665 towards the development of ESCC. Bioinformatic software such as Target Scan was used to generate a list of predicted target genes that may be modulated by miR-665. Results: The high expression of miR-665 has been confirmed in ESCC tissues and cell lines, showing the potential carcinogenic function of miR-665. Ectopic expression of miR-665 also demonstrates its ability to enhance tumour growth and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Bioinformatic analysis of miR-665 predicted targets showed putative binding sites for miR-665 within the 3'UTR region of NLK. Conclusions: This study has identified a novel miRNA and a related gene which might play an important role in the pathogenesis of ESCC, affecting the cancer process and tumour growth. This may help to find potential new biomarker for the future improvement and development of new treatment of ESCC patients. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5108698 Subjects: Esophagus - Cancer - Genetic aspects Small interfering RNA

Book Clinical Applications of Noncoding RNAs in Cancer

Download or read book Clinical Applications of Noncoding RNAs in Cancer written by Subash Gupta and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-01-24 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clinical Applications of Noncoding RNAs in Cancer summarizes the existing strategies, advances, and future opportunities on the role of noncoding RNAs in cancer patients. Established clinicians and researchers from all around the world share their views and expertise and provide readers with invaluable knowledge on the subject. This book provides a comprehensive collection of information on the utility of noncoding RNAs in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of cancer. It also discusses the evolutionary significance of noncoding RNAs and how the molecular tools such as RNA-seq, RNA-FISH, ic-SHAPE, and quantitative real-time PCR help in the detection and elucidation of the functions of noncoding RNAs. Additionally, the challenges associated with noncoding RNA approaches and future developments are discussed. It is a valuable resource for cancer researchers, oncologists, clinicians, and other biomedical field members who want to learn more about noninvasive ways to diagnose and efficiently treat diverse cancer types. Presents a beginning chapter summary to help readers understand the content thoroughly Encompasses detailed description of information from clinical studies on noncoding RNAs in cancer therapy Discusses one cancer type per chapter making the content easy to reference

Book General Methods in Biomarker Research and their Applications

Download or read book General Methods in Biomarker Research and their Applications written by Victor R. Preedy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decade there has been a major sea change in the way disease is diagnosed and investigated due to the advent of high throughput technologies, such as microarrays, lab on a chip, proteomics, genomics, lipomics, metabolomics etc. These advances have enabled the discovery of new and novel markers of disease relating to autoimmune disorders, cancers, endocrine diseases, genetic disorders, sensory damage, intestinal diseases etc. In many instances these developments have gone hand in hand with the discovery of biomarkers elucidated via traditional or conventional methods, such as histopathology or clinical biochemistry. Together with microprocessor-based data analysis, advanced statistics and bioinformatics these markers have been used to identify individuals with active disease or pathology as well as those who are refractory or have distinguishing pathologies. New analytical methods that have been used to identify markers of disease and is suggested that there may be as many as 40 different platforms. Unfortunately techniques and methods have not been readily transferable to other disease states and sometimes diagnosis still relies on single analytes rather than a cohort of markers. There is thus a demand for a comprehensive and focused evidenced-based text and scientific literature that addresses these issues. Hence the formulation of Biomarkers in Disease. The series covers a wide number of areas including for example, nutrition, cancer, endocrinology, cardiology, addictions, immunology, birth defects, genetics and so on. The chapters are written by national or international experts and specialists.