Download or read book Characterization of Nanomaterials in Complex Environmental and Biological Media written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-06-01 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Characterization of Nanomaterials in Complex Environmental and Biological Media covers the novel properties of nanomaterials and their applications to consumer products and industrial processes. The book fills the growing gap in this challenging area, bringing together disparate strands in chemistry, physics, biology, and other relevant disciplines. It provides an overview on nanotechnology, nanomaterials, nano(eco)toxicology, and nanomaterial characterization, focusing on the characterization of a range of nanomaterial physicochemical properties of relevance to environmental and toxicological studies and their available analytical techniques. Readers will find a multidisciplinary approach that provides highly skilled scientists, engineers, and technicians with the tools they need to understand and interpret complicated sets of data obtained through sophisticated analytical techniques. Addresses the requirements, challenges, and solutions for nanomaterial characterization in environmentally complex media Focuses on technique limitations, appropriate data collection, data interpretation, and analysis Aids in understanding and comparing nanomaterial characterization data reported in the literature using different analytical tools Includes case studies of characterization relevant complex media to enhance understanding

Download or read book Frontiers of Nanoscience Volume 8 Characterization of Nanomaterials in Complex Environmental and Biological Media written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Analysis and Characterisation of Metal Based Nanomaterials written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-05-28 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analysis and Characterisation of Metal-Based Nanomaterials, Volume 93 in the Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry series, introduces recent developments in analytical methodologies for detection, characterization and quantification of metal-based nanomaterials and their applications to a variety of complex environmental, biological and food samples as well as different consumer products. Single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is highlighted as a powerful analytical tool for number-based concentration and size distribution, also from the metrological viewpoint. An emerging approach for the measurement of multi-metal nanoparticles by single-particle inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry is discussed. Imaging of metal-based nanoparticles by hyphenated inductively coupled plasma-based techniques is also introduced. The potential of different liquid chromatography and field flow fractionation separation techniques hyphenated to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is emphasized as a powerful tool in particular for complex matrices and small particles sizes. The use of different microscopic techniques for the characterization of metal-based nanoparticles and characterization of metal-based nanoparticles as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging are presented. Moreover, occurrence, behaviour and fate of inorganic nanoparticles in the environment is overviewed. Finally, the need for quality control standards and reference nano-materials is emphasized throughout. Presents recent developments in analytical methodologies based on mass spectrometry, light scattering and microscopic techniques for detection, characterization and quantification of metal-based nanomaterials Describes applications of the nanoparticle analysis in a variety of complex environmental, biological and food samples as well as different consumer products Provides the metrological aspects for the analysis of metal-based nanoparticles when using emerging techniques such as single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Download or read book Analysis and Risk of Nanomaterials in Environmental and Food Samples written by Damia Barcelo and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2012-10-03 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The application of nanotechnology in different consumer products has delivered new products with highly desirable properties, but at same time has opened a new window for a wide group of emerging contaminants and a new type of human exposure which needs to be assessed. Most of the current human toxicological information on nanomaterials comes from nano-sized particles in air, and their effects via inhalation. Other routes of human exposure, such as water and food, and the effects on human health and the environment have been less studied. It is the recent research in these areas that is highlighted here in one of the first books covering the analysis and ecotoxicological evaluation of nanomaterials in food and the environment, with both matrices being of considerable interest. In addition to providing a global summary of recent research, this book shows how widely used chromatographic and spectroscopic methods can be added to the analytical arsenal of microscopic techniques that have commonly been used to characterize nanomaterials. Describes the analytical techniques used to characterize nanomaterials and their applications in environmental or food samples Includes analysis and ecotoxicological evaluation of nanomaterials in food and environmental matrices Takes a detailed look at the research on emerging fields of human exposure to nanomaterials and their environmental risks

Download or read book Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Complex Environments written by Irem Bahanur Ustunol and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanoscience and nanotechnology are research areas that have shown great promise towards addressing clean and sustainable energy, environmental protection, and human health. Metal oxide nanoparticles are widely used in various applications, including removing pollutants from contaminated water, tracking cancer cell growth, targeted drug delivery. These nanoparticles are highly reactive, and their abundance in the environment brings potential concerns to their exposure, leading to increased interactions with biomolecules that have impactful environmental and health effects. Ecological systems have multi-components, including natural organic matter, oxyanions, and biological macromolecules; biological systems also contain complexity as proteins and nutrients can all be found at the nanomaterial-water interface upon nanoparticle exposure. Although significant research has been pursued on the surface transformations of metal oxide nanoparticles, multi-component adsorption kinetics, changes in adsorbate structure, and the impacts on the nanomaterial properties in complex environments remain unclear. Once nanoparticles are introduced in complex aqueous biological and environmental systems, proteins adsorb onto their surfaces and form a dynamic layer termed "corona." Newly occurred corona may change the nanoparticle interfacial state and its biological and ecological identity. If altered, the new identity influences the nanoparticle fate within the surrounding complex media. Details of protein and amino acid (building block of proteins) interactions with nanoparticles and substantial structural change on nanoparticle surfaces remain unclear. These processes can be affected by various factors due to the complexities of nano-bio surface interactions. Therefore, it is necessary to study multiple parameters individually, and a systematic study on the impacts of influential factors on the adsorption at the nano-bio interface is strongly desired. The research presented in this dissertation pursues a greater understanding of metal oxide nanoparticle characterizations, implications, and biomolecule-nanoparticle interactions from studies of amino acid and protein adsorption. Nanoparticle- and environmental-related factors, including effects of pH, nanoparticle-type, biomolecule concentration, pre-adsorbed phosphate and lipopolysaccharides, and nanoparticle production in a workplace environment (occupational health study), were investigated. We studied the influencing factors of the complex environment individually to examine each aspect in detail. Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), as well as various microscopic and spectroscopic tools, were employed to help better understand the impact of these factors. In this dissertation, adsorption of [alpha]-amino acids, lysine, glutamic acid, glycine, and serine, onto TiO2 nanoparticles in buffered solutions was determined. The predominant molecular surface species and the adsorption affinity were highly pH-dependent. Adsorption of lysine and glycine were increased proportionally with changes in pH, whereas glutamic acid adsorption decreased with increasing pH. We attributed these differences to the functional groups of different species and the TiO2 surface charge at each pH. Furthermore, the effects of nanoparticle type and amino acid concentration on the mechanisms of amino acids, lysine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and arginine, adsorption on [alpha]-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were investigated. The detailed chemistry in the adsorption processes implied the formation of outer-sphere and inner-sphere complex differences between different nanomaterials. Combined in-situ ATR-FTIR and curve-fitting provides insights and a greater understanding of changes in secondary structures of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and [beta]-lactoglobulin ([beta]-LG) upon adsorbed onto [alpha]-Fe2O3 nanoparticles in the presence and absence of co-adsorbed phosphate. The results indicated that structural changes were time-dependent, and the existence of pre-adsorbed phosphate influenced adsorption and desorption kinetics. An additional part of this work showed that pre-adsorbed lipopolysaccharide additionally played a role in the interaction of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) adsorbed onto [alpha]-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. In agreement with the [beta]-LG adsorption, a significant change in Amide I/II ratio was observed for adsorbed IgG, indicating changes in the protein secondary structure compared to the solution phase. Deconvolution analyses revealed that the [alpha]-helix content of the adsorbed IgG was higher than the unbound conformation in the presence of lipopolysaccharides. Moreover, to complement our understanding of protein and amino acid adsorption, we also investigated airborne nanoparticle presence in different production sites in an occupational health study. Identified nanoparticles in these settings were characterized by two forms: sub-micrometer fractal-like agglomerates from activities such as welding; and super-micrometer particles (nanoparticle collectors) with nanoparticles coagulated on their surfaces. These agglomerates were proposed to affect deposition and transport inside the respiratory system. The respirable incidental nanoparticles would have corresponding health implications regarding their primary and/or secondary sites of uptake. Overall, the research in this dissertation provides essential insights into understanding the behavior of metal oxide nanoparticles in complex environments. Studies on amino acid and protein adsorption, along with the detailed characterization of the nano-bio interface with spectroscopic and microscopic methods, allowed us to understand the effects of a multitude of influences on biomolecule-nanoparticle surface interactions.

Download or read book Nanomaterial Characterization written by Ratna Tantra and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-04-04 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanomaterial Characterization Providing various properties of nanomaterials and the various methods available for their characterization Over the course of the last few decades, research activity on nanomaterials has gained considerable press coverage. The use of nanomaterials has meant that consumer products can be made lighter, stronger, esthetically more pleasing, and less expensive. The significant role of nanomaterials in improving the quality of life is clear, resulting in faster computers, cleaner energy production, target-driven pharmaceuticals, and better construction materials. It is not surprising, therefore, that nanomaterial research has really taken off, spanning across different scientific disciplines from material science to nanotoxicology. A critical part of any nanomaterial research, however, is the need to characterize physicochemical properties of the nanomaterials, which is not a trivial matter. Nanomaterial Characterization: An Introduction is dedicated to understanding the key physicochemical properties and their characterization methods. Each chapter begins by giving an overview of the topic before a case study is presented. The purpose of the case study is to demonstrate how the reader may make use of the background information presented to them and show how this can be translated to solve a nanospecific application scenario. Thus, it will be useful for researchers in helping them design experimental investigations. The book begins with a general overview of the subject, thus giving the reader a solid foundation to nanomaterial characterization. Nanomaterial Characterization: An Introduction features: Nanomaterial synthesis and reference nananomaterials Key physicochemical properties and their measurements including particle size distribution by number, solubility, surface area, surface chemistry, mechanical/tribological properties, and dustiness Scanning tunneling microscopy methods operated under extreme conditions Novel strategy for biological characterization of nanomaterial methods Methods to handle and visualize multidimensional nanomaterial characterization data The book is written in such a way that both students and experts in other fields of science will find the information useful, whether they are in academia, industry, or regulation, or those whose analytical background may be limited.There is also an extensive list of references associated with every chapter to encourage further reading.

Download or read book Engineered Nanoparticles and the Environment written by Baoshan Xing and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-09-21 with total page 1045 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Details the source, release, exposure, adsorption, aggregation, bioavailability, transport, transformation, and modeling of engineered nanoparticles found in many common products and applications Covers synthesis, environmental application, detection, and characterization of engineered nanoparticles Details the toxicity and risk assessment of engineered nanoparticles Includes topics on the transport, transformation, and modeling of engineered nanoparticles Presents the latest developments and knowledge of engineered nanoparticles Written by world leading experts from prestigious universities and companies

Download or read book Modeling Characterization and Production of Nanomaterials written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-03-17 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nano-scale materials have unique electronic, optical, and chemical properties which make them attractive for a new generation of devices. Part one of Modeling, Characterization, and Production of Nanomaterials: Electronics, Photonics and Energy Applications covers modeling techniques incorporating quantum mechanical effects to simulate nanomaterials and devices, such as multiscale modeling and density functional theory. Part two describes the characterization of nanomaterials using diffraction techniques and Raman spectroscopy. Part three looks at the structure and properties of nanomaterials, including their optical properties and atomic behaviour. Part four explores nanofabrication and nanodevices, including the growth of graphene, GaN-based nanorod heterostructures and colloidal quantum dots for applications in nanophotonics and metallic nanoparticles for catalysis applications. Comprehensive coverage of the close connection between modeling and experimental methods for studying a wide range of nanomaterials and nanostructures Focus on practical applications and industry needs, supported by a solid outlining of theoretical background Draws on the expertise of leading researchers in the field of nanomaterials from around the world

Download or read book Nanotechnology Research Directions for Societal Needs in 2020 written by Mihail C. Roco and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-17 with total page 723 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents a comprehensive perspective on the global scientific, technological, and societal impact of nanotechnology since 2000, and explores the opportunities and research directions in the next decade to 2020. The vision for the future of nanotechnology presented here draws on scientific insights from U.S. experts in the field, examinations of lessons learned, and international perspectives shared by participants from 35 countries in a series of high-level workshops organized by Mike Roco of the National Science Foundation (NSF), along with a team of American co-hosts that includes Chad Mirkin, Mark Hersam, Evelyn Hu, and several other eminent U.S. scientists. The study performed in support of the U.S. National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) aims to redefine the R&D goals for nanoscale science and engineering integration and to establish nanotechnology as a general-purpose technology in the next decade. It intends to provide decision makers in academia, industry, and government with a nanotechnology community perspective of productive and responsible paths forward for nanotechnology R&D.

Download or read book Analysis and Risk of Nanomaterials in Environmental and Food Samples written by Damia Barcelo and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2012-08-20 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The application of nanotechnology in different consumer products has delivered new products with highly desirable properties, but at same time has opened a new window for a wide group of emerging contaminants and a new type of human exposure which needs to be assessed. Most of the current human toxicological information on nanomaterials comes from nano-sized particles in air, and their effects via inhalation. Other routes of human exposure, such as water and food, and the effects on human health and the environment have been less studied. It is the recent research in these areas that is highlighted here in one of the first books covering the analysis and ecotoxicological evaluation of nanomaterials in food and the environment, with both matrices being of considerable interest. In addition to providing a global summary of recent research, this book shows how widely used chromatographic and spectroscopic methods can be added to the analytical arsenal of microscopic techniques that have commonly been used to characterize nanomaterials. Describes the analytical techniques used to characterize nanomaterials and their applications in environmental or food samples Includes analysis and ecotoxicological evaluation of nanomaterials in food and environmental matrices Takes a detailed look at the research on emerging fields of human exposure to nanomaterials and their environmental risks

Download or read book Physico Chemical Properties of Nanomaterials written by Richard C. Pleus and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-07-17 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout human history, we have long encountered the combination of promise, risk, and uncertainty that accompanies emerging technologies. Nanotechnology is a recent example of an emerging technology that promises to drastically improve existing products as well as allow for creative development of new goods and services. This new technology also has its potential downsides. Industry, academia, and regulatory agencies are all working overtime to assess risks accurately while keeping up with the pace of development. Subtle changes in the physicochemical properties of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) can influence their toxicity and behavior in the environment and so can be used to help control potential ENM risks. This book attempts to encompass the state of the science regarding physicochemical characterization of ENMs. It illuminates the effort to understand these properties and how they may be used to ensure safe ENM deployment in existing or future materials and products.

Download or read book Gold Nanoparticles in Analytical Chemistry written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-10-21 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analytical nanoscience and nanotechnology is a growing topic that is expected to have a great impact in the field of analytical chemistry. Many of the exceptional properties of gold nanoparticles make them suitable for different analytical applications and these applications allow extrapolations for their use in other fields as well. In analytical chemistry gold nanoparticles play two main roles, namely: i) As target analytes in the realm of the analysis of the nanoworld; and ii) As tools to improve analytical processes, such as the use of gold nanoparticles as components of electrodes, in spectroscopic techniques and (bio)chemical sensors and lateral flow sensors. This book is a comprehensive review of the role of gold nanoparticles in analytical nanoscience and nanotechnology, with chapters devoted to their synthesis, physico-chemical characteristics, derivatization and potential toxicity. The main microscopic, spectroscopic and separation techniques for the characterization are reviewed as well as the developments for their determination in environmental, biological and agrifood samples. Provides an integral approach devoted to a specific nanoparticle Considers gold nanoparticles as target analytes, as analytical tools and their relationships Organizes the material in a novel way

Download or read book Challenges in Characterizing Small Particles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-04-02 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Small particles are ubiquitous in the natural and built worlds and have tremendous impact throughout. However, a lack of understanding about the properties and chemical composition of small particles limits our ability to predict, and control their applications and impacts. Challenges in Characterizing Small Particles: Exploring Particles from the Nano- to Microscales summarizes presentations and discussions at a 2010 National Academies roundtable. Speakers at this roundtable discussed the crucial types of information that need to be determined about small particles in different media. They also explored the critical importance of small particles in environmental science, materials and chemical sciences, biological science, and engineering, and the many challenges involved in characterizing materials at the nano- and microscales. The discussions on characterization included static, dynamic, experimental, computational, and theoretical characterization. The workshop also included several "research tool" presentations that highlighted new advances in characterizing small particles.

Download or read book Environmental Toxicity of Nanomaterials written by Vineet Kumar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-04-17 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Toxicity of Nanomaterials focuses on causes and prevention of environmental toxicity induced by various nanomaterials. In sixteen chapters it describes the basic principles, trends, challenges, and future directions of nanoecotoxicity. The future acceptance of nanomaterials in various industries depends on the impacts of nanomaterials on the environment and ecosystem. This book analyzes the safe utilization of nanotechnology so the tremendous prospect of nanotechnology can be achieved without harming either living beings or the environment. Environmental Toxicity of Nanomaterials introduces nanoecotoxicity, describes various factors affecting the toxicity of nanomaterials, discusses various factors that can impart nanoecotoxicity, reviews various studies in the area of nanoecotoxicity evaluation, and describes the safety and risk assessment of nanomaterials. In addition, the book discusses strategies for mitigating nanoecotoxicity. Lastly, the authors provide guidelines and protocols for nanotoxicity evaluation and discuss regulations for safety assessment of nanomaterials. In addition to environmental toxicologists, this book is aimed at policy makers, industry personnel, and doctoral and postdoctoral scholars.

Download or read book Challenges in Characterizing Small Particles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-05-02 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Small particles are ubiquitous in the natural and built worlds and have tremendous impact throughout. However, a lack of understanding about the properties and chemical composition of small particles limits our ability to predict, and control their applications and impacts. Challenges in Characterizing Small Particles: Exploring Particles from the Nano- to Microscales summarizes presentations and discussions at a 2010 National Academies roundtable. Speakers at this roundtable discussed the crucial types of information that need to be determined about small particles in different media. They also explored the critical importance of small particles in environmental science, materials and chemical sciences, biological science, and engineering, and the many challenges involved in characterizing materials at the nano- and microscales. The discussions on characterization included static, dynamic, experimental, computational, and theoretical characterization. The workshop also included several "research tool" presentations that highlighted new advances in characterizing small particles.

Download or read book Nanomaterials Synthesis Characterization Hazards and Safety written by Muhammad Bilal Tahir and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-02-16 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Characterization, Hazards and Safety explains the fundamental properties of nanomaterials, covering their types and classifications. The book includes methods of preparation and characterization of nanostructured materials. It explains the principles and fundamentals of nanomaterials, with information on both pure and composite-based materials with e nanostructures, outlines the latest developments and advances in nanomaterials, and highlights toxic effects and protection. This book is designed to appeal to a wide readership of academic and industrial researchers, focusing on nanotechnology and nanomaterials, sustainable chemistry, energy conversion and storage, nanotechnology, chemical engineering, environmental protection, optoelectronics, sensors, and surface and interface science. Provides information on major concepts and advances made in the areas of nanomaterials properties and nano safety Identifies the major physiochemical properties of nanomaterials Explores the toxicity of different class of nanomaterials and how they can be used safely

Download or read book Advanced Environmental Analysis written by Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2016-11-08 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental analysis techniques have advanced due to the use of nanotechnologies in improving the detection sensitivity and miniaturization of the devices in analytical procedures. These allow for developments such as increases in analyte concentration, the removal of interfering species and improvements in the detection limits. Bridging a gap in the literature, this book uniquely brings together state-of-the-art research in the applications of novel nanomaterials to each of the classical components of environmental analysis, namely sample preparation and extraction, separation and identification by spectroscopic techniques. Special attention is paid to those approaches that are considered greener and reduce the cost of the analysis process both in terms of chemicals and time consumption. Advanced undergraduates, graduates and researchers at the forefront of environmental science and engineering will find this book a good source of information. It will also help regulators, decision makers, surveillance agencies and the organizations assessing the impact of pollutants on the environment.