Download or read book Characterization of Anaerobic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Degrading Microbial Communities from the Baltimore Harbor written by Triana Nichelle Jones and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Characterization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon degrading Bacteria in the Rhizosphere of Agricultural Plants written by Cairn S. Ely and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The metabolic pathways and environmental controls of hydrocarbon biodegradation in marine ecosystems written by Joel E. Kostka and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-05-15 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodegradation mediated by indigenous microbial communities is the ultimate fate of the majority of oil hydrocarbon that enters the marine environment. The aim of this Research Topic is to highlight recent advances in our knowledge of the pathways and controls of microbially-catalyzed hydrocarbon degradation in marine ecosystems, with emphasis on the response of microbial communities to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. In this Research Topic, we encouraged original research and reviews on the ecology of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, the rates and mechanisms of biodegradation, and the bioremediation of discharged oil under situ as well as near in situ conditions.

Download or read book Microbial Community Structure by Fatty Acid Analysis During Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Degradation in River Sediment Augmented with Pleurotus Ostreatus written by Sarala Kumari Sajja and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research was conducted to determine changes in the microbial community in contaminated sediment during fungal remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contaminated Mahoning River sediment. The fungus used for remediation was Pleurotus ostreatus, white rot fungi which is capable of degrading a wide range of organic contaminants including PAHs. Microbial community structure was determined using fatty acid profiles from microbial lipids extracted directly from the sediment. Contaminated sediment was collected from Lowellville, OH and was incubated at 25 °C. There were 4 treatments (1 liter of contaminated river sediment) done in duplicate runs as follows: 1) untreated sediment, 2) sediment amended with sawdust, 3) sediment amended with sawdust and augmented with Pleurotus ostreatus and, 4) sediment amended with sawdust, augmented with Pleurotus ostreatus and amended with extra nitrogen after 21 days. At day 0, 21, and 42, lipids were extracted from each treatment (in triplicate). Microbial fatty acids were purified from the lipid extract, methylated and analyzed by GC-MS. The sediment microbial community structure showed great heterogeneity shown as high variability within triplicate samples and as differences between duplicate treatments. Groups of anaerobic bacteria (sulfate reducers and methanogens) persisted throughout the treatments, even though they were exposed to oxygen during mixing and from the surface during the incubation. The abundance of gram negative bacteria, a group of bacteria associated with PAH degradation, showed highest relative abundance on day 42. Even though the microbial structure changed, the microbial biomass (measured as lipid phosphate) remained consistent between triplicate samples and duplicate runs, and changed little during the incubation.

Download or read book Developing Protocols to Facilitate the Enrichment and Characterization of Hydrocarbon degrading Anaerobic Microbial Communities written by Eve Moore and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis investigates the use of density centrifugation with Percoll to separate and enrich the organisms involved in the first step of toluene degradation within a methanogenic toluene degrading consortium. Protocol development resulted in the enrichment of bacteria and archaea in separate layers. However the separation of Eub-1 (an organism suspected to be responsible for the first step in toluene degradation), and bssA (a gene encoding the benzylsuccinate synthase enzyme) using previously developed qPCR primers could not be established. Cloning and sequencing of the toluene degrading consortia were conducted and phylogenetic analysis showed a change in community composition from what had previously been observed, suggesting why previously established primers were not effective. In parallel with these studies, microcosms using soil obtained from a petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated area in North Carolina were constructed. These microcosms showed benzene degradation in all but one sample over the 444 day period.

Download or read book Characterization of Anaerobic Mono and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Biodegradation by Microbiological and Stable Isotope Tools written by Steffen Kümmel and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Demonstration of Biodegradation in Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon spiked Marine Sediments written by Rebecca Jean Melcher and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Isolation and Characterisation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon PAH Degrading Bacteria from the Soils Adjacent of the La Brea Pitch Lake Seepage written by Amalia Hosein and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Genetic Analysis of High Molecular Weight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Biodegradation written by Haakrho Yi and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effects of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon degrading Bacteria on Flow and Transport Characteristics of Sand in the Absence of Substrate written by Derek L. Richard and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Characterization of Soil Biofilms for the Biodegradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are common contaminants in soils and groundwater aquifers, resulting from anthropogenic activities. Major concerns with these compounds are their recalcitrance, toxicity and other unique characteristics in the environment. In situ bioremediation has been successfully used for some PAH degradation in soils, but the optimum conditions for the continuous active growth of microbial communities are not well-understood, so biodegradation processes cannot be properly enhanced. Lab-scale column reactors simulating sandy aquifer environments were used as attachment medium for the biofilm. The biological degradation of a low molecular weight PAH, naphthalene, was investigated, resulting in a 93.5% removal using acetate as a co-substrate. Biofilm mass and extracellular polymeric substances were greatly improved by the presence of acetate, which also promoted the degradation of naphthalene. Biofilm morphology and structure were characterized qualitatively and quantitatively by using confocal microscopy and image analysis, suggesting that porous media biofilms are complex matrixes that develop and change with specific environmental conditions. Sole-substrates, as well as binary/tertiary mixtures of 2-, 3- and 4-ringed PAHs, were examined for competitive/inhibitive interactions on porous media biofilms. While phenanthrene and pyrene could not be degraded as sole carbon sources, binary systems of the 3- and 4-ring PAHs with acetate and naphthalene supplements stimulated their degradation, with up to 87.9% and 70.1% removal efficiencies, respectively. However, inhibition of pyrene degradation by phenanthrene was observed in the tertiary systems. Heterogeneous surface films and a variety of biological aggregate structures and growth patterns were observed by confocal microscopy. A nonionic surfactant was tested for water solubility enhancements of naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene. Solutions of Triton X-100 above the critical micelle concentration (CMC) showed great solubilization of the three PAHs. Batch experiments were also conducted to investigate the sorption effects of PAHs and/or Triton X-100 to the porous media, as well as the partitioning to live/killed biofims. Low amounts of surfactant were found to be adsorbed onto sand and biofilm; Triton X-100 appeared to increase PAH sorption, but sorbed concentrations were still considered negligible. The effects of the nonionic surfactant on the biodegradation of PAHs were also investigated. Column experiments showed that the degradation of the 2-ring PAH alone was not affected and only a small enhancement of 3- and 4-ring PAH (as sole-substrates) degradation occurred by Triton X-100 addition. Higher biodegradations were always achieved by having just PAH mixtures without the surfactant, indicating the importance of cross feeding / cometabolic mechanisms over improved solubilization of PAHs.

Download or read book Isolation and Characterisation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon degrading Bacteria written by Leen Bastiaens and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Environmental Microbial Biotechnology written by Lala Behari Sukla and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-15 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a timely review of strategies for coping with polluted ecosystems by employing bacteria, fungi and algae. It presents the vast variety of microbial technologies currently applied in the bioremediation of a variety of anthropogenic toxic chemicals, mining and industrial wastes and other pollutants. Topics covered include: microbe-mineral interactions, biosensors in environmental monitoring, iron-mineral transformation, microbial biosurfactants, bioconversion of cotton gin waste to bioethanol, anaerobe bioleaching and sulfide oxidation. Further chapters discuss the effects of pollution on microbial diversity, as well as the role of microbes in the bioremediation of abandoned mining areas, industrial and horticultural wastes, wastewater and sites polluted with hydrocarbons, heavy metals, manganese and uranium.

Download or read book Anthropogenic Impacts on the Microbial Ecology and Function of Aquatic Environments written by Maurizio Labbate and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-09-06 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aquatic ecosystems are currently experiencing unprecedented levels of impact from human activities including over-exploitation of resources, habitat destruction, pollution and the influence of climate change. The impacts of these activities on the microbial ecology of aquatic environments are only now beginning to be defined. One of the many implications of environmental degradation and climate change is the geographical expansion of disease- causing microbes such as those from the Vibrio genus. Elevating sea surface temperatures correlate with increasing Vibrio numbers and disease in marine animals (e.g. corals) and humans. Contamination of aquatic environments with heavy metals and other pollutants affects microbial ecology with downstream effects on biogeochemical cycles and nutrient turnover. Also of importance is the pollution of aquatic environments with antibiotics, resistance genes and the mobile genetic elements that house resistance genes from human and animal waste. Such contaminated environments act as a source of resistance genes long after an antibiotic has ceased being used in the community. Environments contaminated with mobile genetic elements that are adapted to human commensals and pathogens function to capture new resistance genes for potential reintroduction back into clinical environments. This research topic encompasses these diverse topics and describes the affect(s) of human activity on the microbial ecology and function in aquatic environments and, describes methods of restoration and for modelling disturbances.

Download or read book Characterization of Anaerobic Microbial Communities that Adapt to 3 chlorobenzoate and 2 chlorophenol written by Jennifer Gertrude Becker and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DNA-based evaluations of 3-CB-degrading sediment communities revealed that the structures of the adapted communities continued to change after degrading 3-CB for months. These evaluations also suggested that communities that share a common inoculum, but independently develop the ability to transform a chlorinated substrate, exhibit unique overall structures, yet share some common populations. Thus, the presence of the common populations may be necessary for a community to adapt to a chlorinated substrate.

Download or read book World Seas An Environmental Evaluation written by Charles Sheppard and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-09-07 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Seas: An Environmental Evaluation, Second Edition, Volume Three: Ecological Issues and Environmental Impacts covers global issues relating to our seas, including a biological description of the coast and continental shelf waters, the development and use of the coast, landfills and their effects, pollutant discharges over time, the effects of over-fishing, and the management methods and techniques used to ensure continued ecosystem functioning. The relative importance of water-borne and airborne routes differ in different parts of the world is explored, along with extensive coverage of major habitats and species groups, governmental, education and legal issues, fisheries effects, remote sensing, climate change and management. This book is an invaluable, worldwide reference source for students and researchers concerned with marine environmental science, fisheries, oceanography and engineering and coastal zone development. Provides scientific reviews of regional issues, empowering managers and policymakers to make progress in under-resourced countries and regions Covers environmental issues arising from the human use of both the sea and its watershed Presents informed commentary on major trends, problems and successes, and recommendations for the future

Download or read book Anaerobic Microbial Degradation of Recalcitrant Fuel Components by Estuarine Sediment Communities written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To evaluate the restorative capacity of a contaminated estuarine ecosystem (NY/NJ Harbor Estuary) and to determine the contributions of anaerobic microorganisms in the degradation of refractory fuel components such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and alkanes in the anoxic harbor sediment; Instrinsic biodegradation of a representative PAH, naphthalene occurs in anaerobic sediment microbial communities. This activity in-situ is complicated by other moderators which may be found in the harbor such as toxic heavy metals and/or other contaminants. In addition, the data clearly shows that hydrocarbons such as PAH and alkanes which have been considered to be resistant to biodegradation in the absence of oxygen can indeed be microbially metabolized and mineralized to carbon dioxide. Results indicate that the sulfate reducing anaerobic microorganisms appear to have novel mechanisms for PAH and alkane transformations. In the case of PAH, carboxylation occurs first, then ring reduction occurs prior to ring fission; while in the case of the alkanes, 2 different initial mechanisms of attack have been documented. Anaerobic sediment microbial communities from an impacted harbor estuary have an intrinsic restorative capacity with respect to PAH degradation. In addition, anaerobic microorganisms have novel mechanisms for PAH and alkane transformation. These microbial mechanisms, to our knowledge, have not been previously reported and have implications for biocatalysis as well as for biodegradation. This information potentially can lead to strategies for targeted in-situ remediation approaches and to alternatives for managing harbor sediments.