Download or read book Characterization of Air Toxics from a Laboratory Coal fired Combustor written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Characterization of Air Toxics from a Laboratory Coal fired Combustor and Utility Scale Power Plants written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The target species to be analyzed in the DCM extracts are nitrated-PAH, hydroxylated-NO[sub 2]-aromatic PAH (OH-NO[sub 2]-AR/PAH), and PAH derivatives containing either a sulfur (PASH), nitrogen (PANH) or oxygen (oxy-PAH) (see Procedure 02 in the Appendix). Battelle recommends that extracts from particle size ranges A and B for both HD and LD samples be combined together for analysis. This combination will provide a sample quantity of 2.73 mg (0.88 + 0.96 + 0.48 + 0.40, from Table 6) to begin the fractionation into polarity classes. By combining the extracts in this manner it will not be possible to develop data differentiated by (1) particle size within the two size classes or (2) coal firing rate. The overriding factor, in Battelle's opinion, is that without combining the four extracts into one, it is likely that measurements of most of the target species will result primarily in nondetectable results because of the small concentrations of these species in the samples combined with the small quantity of sample. Battelle believes that it is most important to obtain measurable results for the species to guide the planning effort for the power plant study in the summer of 1993. The best opportunity to accomplish this goal for these difficult to measure species is by working with as much material as possible. Two other considerations are that there will still be differentiation of results by particle size for size range C versus the combined A+B. Also, results for PAH and other analytes (not reported herein) suggest that the differences in samples between the two coal firing rates may not be significant. Both of these considerations support Battelle's recommendation to combine the extracts according to the scheme cited above.

Download or read book Characterization of Air Toxics from a Laboratory Coal fired Combustor and Utility Scale Power Plants Quarterly Progress Report No 15 April 1995 June 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Characterization of Air Toxics from a Laboratory Coal fired Combustor and Utility Scale Power Plants Quarterly Progress Report No 14 January March 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarized progress on Task 3, Power Plant Studies, and Task 4, Technical Management and Reporting. Task 3 this quarter involved sampling of flue gas from Units 6 and 7 of the host power plant. The operating parameters during the sampling period are given. Laboratory analyses are in progress. Under Task 4, internal and external QA/QC audits were conducted. A data base management system was prepared. An appendix contains a data compilation of plant operating data.

Download or read book Characterization of Air Toxics from a Laboratory Coal fired Combustor and Utility Scale Power Plants Quarterly Progress Report No 5 October December 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The target species to be analyzed in the DCM extracts are nitrated-PAH, hydroxylated-NO2-aromatic PAH (OH-NO2-AR/PAH), and PAH derivatives containing either a sulfur (PASH), nitrogen (PANH) or oxygen (oxy-PAH) (see Procedure 02 in the Appendix). Battelle recommends that extracts from particle size ranges A and B for both HD and LD samples be combined together for analysis. This combination will provide a sample quantity of 2.73 mg (0.88 + 0.96 + 0.48 + 0.40, from Table 6) to begin the fractionation into polarity classes. By combining the extracts in this manner it will not be possible to develop data differentiated by (1) particle size within the two size classes or (2) coal firing rate. The overriding factor, in Battelle's opinion, is that without combining the four extracts into one, it is likely that measurements of most of the target species will result primarily in nondetectable results because of the small concentrations of these species in the samples combined with the small quantity of sample. Battelle believes that it is most important to obtain measurable results for the species to guide the planning effort for the power plant study in the summer of 1993. The best opportunity to accomplish this goal for these difficult to measure species is by working with as much material as possible. Two other considerations are that there will still be differentiation of results by particle size for size range C versus the combined A+B. Also, results for PAH and other analytes (not reported herein) suggest that the differences in samples between the two coal firing rates may not be significant. Both of these considerations support Battelle's recommendation to combine the extracts according to the scheme cited above.

Download or read book Characterization of Air Toxics from a Laboratory Coal fired Combustor and Utility Scale Power Plants Quarterly Progress Report No 6 January March 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laboratory combustor studies were conducted at Battelle in the fall of 1992 to evaluate sampling methods and analysis techniques for air toxics generated by buming pulverized coal. These experiments were described in the fifth quarterly progress report. In this report results from additional analyses of samples are reported. Results are shown in Tables 1--8 for analysis of nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAH), oxygenated PAH (oxy-PAH), hydroxy-nitro-aromatic compounds (OH-NO2-AR/PAH), and PAH derivatives containing sulfur (PASH) and nitrogen (PANH). In the tables the two fning rates refer to the rate at which coal was fired in the laboratory fumace. The high firing rate was 5.7 g/s (45 lbs/hr), and the low firing rate was 5.3 g/s. The first letter in the sample identification refers to high (H) or low (L) coal firing rate. The second letter refers to either the hot flue samples (H) or samples collected with a Plume Simulating Dilution Sampler (D). The third letter refers to the particle size range. Size range A was about 3.3-7.1 [mu]m. Size range B was about 0.87-3.3 Jim. Size range C was less than 0.87-3.3[mu]m. Size range C was less than 0.87[mu]m. The nitro-PAH data from the hot flue and PSDS vapor and particle samples are summarized in Tables 1 through 4. The data on oxy-PAH, N02-OH-AR/PAH, PASH, and PANH from the PSDS particle samples are given in Tables 5 through 8, respectively. The most abundant target oxyPAH is fluorenone. Higher concentrations were found in size C samples as compared to the size A and size B composite samples. A similar relative concentration trend was also observed for other PAH derivatives.

Download or read book written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Toxic Substances from Coal Combustion written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 identify a number of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) as candidates for regulation. Should regulations be imposed on HAP emissions from coal-fired power plants, a sound understanding of the fundamental principles controlling the formation and partitioning of toxic species during coal combustion will be needed. With support from the Federal Energy Technology Center (FETC), the Electric Power Research Institute, the Lignite Research Council, and VTT (Finland), Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) has teamed with researchers from USGS, MIT, the University of Arizona (UA), the University of Kentucky (UK), the University of Connecticut (UC), the University of Utah (UU) and the University of North Dakota Energy and Environmental Research Center (EERC) to develop a broadly applicable emissions model useful to regulators and utility planners. The new Toxics Partitioning Engineering Model (ToPEM) will be applicable to all combustion conditions including new fuels and coal blends, low-NO combustion systems, and new power generation x plants. Development of ToPEM will be based on PSI's existing Engineering Model for Ash Formation (EMAF). This report covers the reporting period from 1 July 1998 through 30 September 1998. During this period distribution of all three Phase II coals was completed. Standard analyses for the whole coal samples were also completed. Mössbauer analysis of all project coals and fractions received to date has been completed in order to obtain details of the iron mineralogy. The analyses of arsenic XAFS data for two of the project coals and for some high arsenic coals have been completed. Duplicate splits of the Ohio 5,6,7 and North Dakota lignite samples were taken through all four steps of the selective leaching procedure. Leaching analysis of the Wyodak coal has recently commenced. Preparation of polished coal/epoxy pellets for probe/SEM studies is underway. Some exploratory mercury LIII XAFS work was carried out during August at the Advanced Photon Source (APS), the new synchrotron facility at Argonne National Laboratory, Chicago, IL. Further analysis of small-scale combustion experiments conducted at PSI in Phase I was completed this quarter. The results of these experiments for the first time suggest almost complete vaporization of certain trace elements (Se, Zn) from coal combustion in the flame zone, in accordance with theoretical equilibrium predictions. Other elements (As, Sb, Cr) appeared considerably less volatile and may react with constituents in the bulk ash at combustion temperatures. The combustion section of the University of Arizona's Downflow Combustor was completely rebuilt. The University of Utah worked on setting up EPA Method 26A to give the capability to measure chlorine in flue gas. The chlorine kinetic calculations performed as part of the Phase I program were found to have an error in the initial conditions. Therefore, the calculations were re-done this quarter with the correct starting conditions. Development of a quasi-empirical emissions model based on reported emissions of particulate matter from field measurements was continued this quarter. As a first step in developing the ToPEM, we developed a sub-model that calculates the evaporation of major elements (Na, K, Fe, Si, Al, Ca and Mg) from both inherent and extraneous minerals of coal. During this quarter, this sub-model was included into EMAF, which formed the ToPEM. Experimental data from the Phase I program were used to test and modify the sub-model and the ToPEM.

Download or read book Epreuves pour corrections et additions de la liste g n rale des membres 1re session 1873 written by and published by . This book was released on 1875 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book written by and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advanced Combustor Design Concepts to Control NO subscript X and Air Toxics Quarterly Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Direct coal combustion must be a primary energy source for the electric utility industry and for heavy manufacturing during the next several decades because of the availability and economic advantage of coal relative to other fuels and because of the time required to product major market penetration in the energy field. However, the major obstacle to coal utilization is a set of ever-tightening environmental regulations at both the federal and local levels. It is, therefore, critical that fundamental research be conducted to support the development of low-emission, high efficiency pulverized coal power systems. The University of Utah, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Reaction Engineering International (REI) and ABB/Combustion Engineering have joined together in this research proposal to develop fundamental understanding regarding the impact of fuel and combustion changes on ignition stability and flame characteristics because these critically affect: NO(subscript x) emissions, carbon burnout, and emissions of air toxics. Existing laboratory and bench scale facilities are being used to generate critical missing data which will be used to improve the NO(subscript x) and carbon burnout submodels in comprehensive combustion manufacture. 3 figs., 1 tab.

Download or read book Air Toxic Emissions from the Combustion of Coal written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report addresses the key air toxic emissions likely to emanate from continued and expanded use of domestic coal. It identifies and quantifies those trace elements specified in the US 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, by tabulating selected characterization data on various source coals by region, state, and rank. On the basis of measurements by various researchers, this report also identifies those organic compounds likely to be derived from the coal combustion process (although their formation is highly dependent on specific boiler configurations and operating conditions).

Download or read book Emissions of Air Toxics from Coal fired Boilers written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concerns over emissions of hazardous air pollutants (air toxics) have emerged as a major environmental issue; the authority of the US Environmental Protection Agency to regulate such pollutants has been greatly expanded through passage of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. Arsenic and arsenic compounds are of concern mainly because of their generally recognized toxicity. Arsenic is also regarded as one of the trace elements in coal subject to significant vaporization. This report summarizes and evaluates available published information on the arsenic content of coals mined in the United States, on arsenic emitted in coal combustion, and on the efficacy of various environmental control technologies for controlling airborne emissions. Bituminous and lignite coals have the highest mean arsenic concentrations, with subbituminous and anthracite coals having the lowest. However, all coal types show very significant variations in arsenic concentrations. Arsenic emissions from coal combustion are not well-characterized, particularly with regard to determination of specific arsenic compounds. Variations in emission, rates of more than an order of magnitude have been reported for some boiler types. Data on the capture of arsenic by environmental control technologies are available primarily for systems with cold electrostatic precipitators, where removals of approximately 50 to 98% have been reported. Limited data for wet flue-gas-desulfurization systems show widely varying removals of from 6 to 97%. On the other hand, waste incineration plants report removals in a narrow range of from 95 to 99%. This report briefly reviews several areas of research that may lead to improvements in arsenic control for existing flue-gas-cleanup technologies and summarizes the status of analytical techniques for measuring arsenic emissions from combustion sources.

Download or read book Emission Factors for Several Toxic Air Pollutants from Fluidized bed Combustion of Coal written by Albert E. Smith and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Emissions of Air Toxics from Coal fired Boilers Arsenic written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mercury and Air Toxic Element Impacts of Coal Combustion By product Disposal and Utilizaton written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The University of North Dakota Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) conducted a multiyear study to evaluate the impact of mercury and other air toxic elements (ATEs) on the management of coal combustion by-products (CCBs). The ATEs evaluated in this project were arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, nickel, and selenium. The study included laboratory tasks to develop measurement techniques for mercury and ATE releases, sample characterization, and release experiments. A field task was also performed to measure mercury releases at a field site. Samples of fly ash and flue gas desulfurization (FGD) materials were collected preferentially from full-scale coal-fired power plants operating both without and with mercury control technologies in place. In some cases, samples from pilot- and bench-scale emission control tests were included in the laboratory studies. Several sets of 'paired' baseline and test fly ash and FGD materials collected during full-scale mercury emission control tests were also included in laboratory evaluations. Samples from mercury emission control tests all contained activated carbon (AC) and some also incorporated a sorbent-enhancing agent (EA). Laboratory release experiments focused on measuring releases of mercury under conditions designed to simulate CCB exposure to water, ambient-temperature air, elevated temperatures, and microbes in both wet and dry conditions. Results of laboratory evaluations indicated that: (1) Mercury and sometimes selenium are collected with AC used for mercury emission control and, therefore, present at higher concentrations than samples collected without mercury emission controls present. (2) Mercury is stable on CCBs collected from systems both without and with mercury emission controls present under most conditions tested, with the exception of vapor-phase releases of mercury exposed to elevated temperatures. (3) The presence of carbon either from added AC or from unburned coal can result in mercury being sorbed onto the CCB when exposed to ambient-temperature air. The environmental performance of the mercury captured on AC used as a sorbent for mercury emission control technologies indicated that current CCB management options will continue to be sufficiently protective of the environment, with the potential exception of exposure to elevated temperatures. The environmental performance of the other ATEs investigated indicated that current management options will be appropriate to the CCBs produced using AC in mercury emission controls.