Download or read book Characterization and Monitoring of Managed Aquifer Recharge written by Chloe Mawer and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over a fifth of the world's population lives in an area where there is not enough water to meet demand. However, the problem is not that there is not enough water in the world but that there is not enough of it at either the right time, location or quality. Managed aquifer recharge and recovery (MARR), the intentional act of recharging water into the subsurface for later use, is a water management tool that can help to balance water supply and demand in time, while improving the water's quality. By infiltrating water through the ground via recharge ponds into an aquifer and storing it there until it is needed, MARR has huge potential in the future for mitigating water management challenges. However, for MARR systems to be adopted at a wide scale, better tools are needed to ensure that a system is successful. I define in this dissertation MARR success to mean a project is capable of infiltrating a provided volume of water over a given time period, recovering all of it when desired, and improving its quality to a set level. Actions to meet these objectives must be taken during both project design and operations. The research in this thesis focuses on improving MARR success post-construction. I suggest that one approach for improving MARR success is to define an optimal range of infiltration rates needed for a given recharge pond to maximize the amount of water infiltrated, recovered and cleaned and to monitor in real-time infiltration rates across the pond to ensure they fall within this range. The goal of this research was to advance the knowledge and tools available for carrying out this characterization and monitoring, primarily through the use of electrical resistivity imaging (ERI), which, as is discussed, is well suited for use in the unsaturated zone. I do so by developing MARR specific methods as well as by advancing our understanding of the relationship between hydrologic and electrical properties that can be used in contexts outside of MARR. The contributions of this thesis fall into four categories: 1) development of methods for characterizing the unsaturated zone in order to define optimal infiltration rates using ERI, 2) development of methods for monitoring infiltration, 3) a discovery of a new relationship relating electrical conductivity in the unsaturated zone to hydraulic conductivity, and 4) contribution to understanding of MARR infiltration processes. I develop two methods for using electrical resistivity data to estimate saturated hydraulic conductivity and unsaturated soil properties and demonstrate their use with synthetic data sets. The first method uses a vertical electrical conductivity profile, already inverted for from geophysical data. However, by sequentially performing a hydrologic and geophysical inversion, features can be lost and in the second method, I address this by developing a coupled geophysical-hydrologic inversion method. The method takes as its input the electrical resistivity data obtained in the field and estimates saturated hydraulic conductivity, which can be used to define an upper bound on infiltration rates for optimal MARR operations. The method is unique because it uses heat transport modeling to more accurately estimate the change of fluid conductivity throughout the soil profile due to diurnal and long-term temperature fluctuations, which in other methods is assumed to be known or to not change. It also takes advantage of a new inversion method, the principal component geostatistical approach (PCGA), which reduces the number of forward model runs needed to estimate the Jacobian matrix during inversion. Monitoring infiltration requires real-time information. Therefore, direct relationships between data and desired quantities, such as infiltration rates are key. I introduce in this dissertation the concept of local infiltration efficiency, which can be an alternative metric to infiltration rate for monitoring recharge. I show that with both distributed temperature sensor (DTS) data and electrical resistivity (ER) data that local infiltration efficiency is a more robust metric to monitor because it does not rely on parameters that are difficult to estimate. The metric also clearly shows how a given location is performing over time, allowing for the identification of clogging and other processes that need to be addressed. Next, I demonstrate that even during transient infiltration rates, the vertical pressure gradient within the vadose zone is negligible, which allows infiltration and unsaturated flow rates to be estimated as hydraulic conductivity. This simplification becomes valuable for monitoring infiltration rates because we can relate electrical conductivity, which can be measured in the field, to hydraulic conductivity. I first show how this can be done by combining Archie's equation, which relates electrical conductivity to saturation and a van Genuchten equation, which relates saturation to hydraulic conductivity. Such formulation then provides a direct way of estimating infiltration rates using a single electrical conductivity measurement and a few soil specific parameters and does not require a cumbersome hydrologic inversion. Since, in soils with negligible surface conduction, electrical conductivity and hydraulic conductivity are both controlled by water content and the geometry of the pore space, I explore through pore-scale numerical experiments the relationship between these two quantities. I found that relative hydraulic conductivity (hydraulic conductivity divided by saturated hydraulic conductivity) and relative electrical conductivity (electrical conductivity divided by saturated electrical conductivity) are related by a power law. This finding provides a new petrophysical relationship relating electrical conductivity to a hydrologic parameter of interest. It reduces the parameters necessary to relate hydraulic and electrical conductivity done previously through the van Genuchten and Archie equations and allows for a relatively simple method for estimating infiltration rate directly from electrical conductivity measurement. Lastly, a field experiment was performed at a recharge pond outside Denver, Colorado where DTS and ER data were taken. These data were used to demonstrate the methods and relationships discussed in this thesis. In doing so, some processes were observed. First, I quantified the effects of heterogeneous soil properties on infiltration behavior. The field data showed that infiltration rates to varied over an order of magnitude across the basin and I showed that this heterogeneity caused 78 percent of the influent to infiltrate through 50 percent of the pond. This finding shows the importance of spatial monitoring of infiltration rates because a pond-average infiltration rate could imply that infiltration is slow enough for the water to reach a minimum residence time in the vadose zone and not cause lateral loss of flow but in actual fact a large portion of the water could be infiltrating at a rate much faster than optimal. Additionally, through the estimation of local infiltration efficiency across the basin over time, clogging behavior within the pond was observed. It was seen that the east side decreased in infiltration efficiency faster and more significantly than the west side. This decrease in efficiency on the east side was ascribed to the development of a clogging layer, which was visible on the east side of the pond after the infiltration event but not the west. This finding shows that clogging develops faster across more permeable portions of a pond bottom, which could be due to the fact that more water is moving to these areas, which delivers nutrients that cause bacteria and algae growth and clogging particulates. Additionally, infiltration rates are only limited through soils with a hydraulic conductivity higher than the clogging layer above, so clogging will decrease infiltration rates and efficiency in higher permeability soils before and to a greater extent than in lower permeability soils.

Download or read book Aquifer Characterization Techniques written by Robert G. Maliva and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-26 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an overview of techniques that are available to characterize sedimentary aquifers. Groundwater flow and solute transport are strongly affected by aquifer heterogeneity. Improved aquifer characterization can allow for a better conceptual understanding of aquifer systems, which can lead to more accurate groundwater models and successful water management solutions, such as contaminant remediation and managed aquifer recharge systems. This book has an applied perspective in that it considers the practicality of techniques for actual groundwater management and development projects in terms of costs, technical resources and expertise required, and investigation time. A discussion of the geological causes, types, and scales of aquifer heterogeneity is first provided. Aquifer characterization methods are then discussed, followed by chapters on data upscaling, groundwater modelling, and geostatistics. This book is a must for every practitioner, graduate student, or researcher dealing with aquifer characterization .

Download or read book Standard Guidelines for Managed Aquifer Recharge ASCE EWRI 69 19 written by American Society of Civil Engineers and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Standard Guidelines for Managed Aquifer Recharge, ASCE/EWRI 69-19, describes current practice for Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) projects including planning, design, construction, operation, monitoring, and closure, as well as economic, environmental, and legal considerations.

Download or read book Managed Aquifer Recharge for Water Resilience written by Peter Dillon and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-04-01 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a hard copy of the editorial and all the papers in a Special Issue of the peer-reviewed open access journal ‘Water’ on the theme ‘Managed Aquifer Recharge for Water Resilience’. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is the purposeful recharge of water to aquifers for subsequent recovery or environmental benefit. MAR is increasingly used to make water supplies resilient to drought, climate change and deteriorating water quality, and to protect ecosystems from declining groundwater levels. Global MAR has grown exponentially to 10 cu.km/year and will increase ten-fold within a few decades. Well informed hydrogeologists, engineers and water quality scientists are needed to ensure that this investment is effective in meeting increasingly pressing needs. This compilation contains lessons from many examples of existing projects, including several national and continental summaries. It also addresses the elements essential for identifying and advancing projects such as mapping aquifer suitability and opportunities, policy matters, operational issues, and some innovations in MAR methods and monitoring. This collection exemplifies the state of progress in the science and practice of MAR and is intended to be useful, at least to water managers, water utilities, agricultural water users and urban planners, to facilitate water resilience through new MAR projects.

Download or read book Surface Infiltration and Unsaturated Zone Characterization in Support of Managed Aquifer Recharge in Bedell Flat Washoe County Nevada written by Todd G. Caldwell and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Anthropogenic Aquifer Recharge written by Robert G. Maliva and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-07 with total page 872 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is an overview of the diversity of anthropogenic aquifer recharge (AAR) techniques that use aquifers to store and treat water. It focusses on the processes and the hydrogeological and geochemical factors that affect their performance. This book is written from an applied perspective with a focus of taking advantage of global historical experiences, both positive and negative, as a guide to future implementation. Most AAR techniques are now mature technologies in that they have been employed for some time, their scientific background is well understood, and their initial operational challenges and associated solutions have been identified. However, opportunities exist for improved implementation and some recently employed and potential future innovations are presented. AAR which includes managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is a very important area of water resources management and there is no recent books that specifically and comprehensively addresses the subject.

Download or read book Managed aquifer recharge for sustaining groundwater supplies for smallholder coffee production in the central highlands of Vietnam written by Pavelic, Paul and published by International Water Management Institute (IWMI). This book was released on 2020-01-17 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Managing aquifer recharge written by UNESCO and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2021-11-25 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Characterization Modeling Monitoring and Remediation of Fractured Rock written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2021-01-29 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fractured rock is the host or foundation for innumerable engineered structures related to energy, water, waste, and transportation. Characterizing, modeling, and monitoring fractured rock sites is critical to the functioning of those infrastructure, as well as to optimizing resource recovery and contaminant management. Characterization, Modeling, Monitoring, and Remediation of Fractured Rock examines the state of practice and state of art in the characterization of fractured rock and the chemical and biological processes related to subsurface contaminant fate and transport. This report examines new developments, knowledge, and approaches to engineering at fractured rock sites since the publication of the 1996 National Research Council report Rock Fractures and Fluid Flow: Contemporary Understanding and Fluid Flow. Fundamental understanding of the physical nature of fractured rock has changed little since 1996, but many new characterization tools have been developed, and there is now greater appreciation for the importance of chemical and biological processes that can occur in the fractured rock environment. The findings of Characterization, Modeling, Monitoring, and Remediation of Fractured Rock can be applied to all types of engineered infrastructure, but especially to engineered repositories for buried or stored waste and to fractured rock sites that have been contaminated as a result of past disposal or other practices. The recommendations of this report are intended to help the practitioner, researcher, and decision maker take a more interdisciplinary approach to engineering in the fractured rock environment. This report describes how existing tools-some only recently developed-can be used to increase the accuracy and reliability of engineering design and management given the interacting forces of nature. With an interdisciplinary approach, it is possible to conceptualize and model the fractured rock environment with acceptable levels of uncertainty and reliability, and to design systems that maximize remediation and long-term performance. Better scientific understanding could inform regulations, policies, and implementation guidelines related to infrastructure development and operations. The recommendations for research and applications to enhance practice of this book make it a valuable resource for students and practitioners in this field.

Download or read book Water Reclamation Technologies for Safe Managed Aquifer Recharge written by Christian Kazner and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2012-04-14 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part of Groundwater Set - Buy all six books and save over 30% on buying separately! Water Reclamation Technologies for Safe Managed Aquifer Recharge has been developed from the RECLAIM WATER project supported by the European Commission under Thematic Priority 'Global Change and Ecosystems' of the Sixth Framework Programme. Its strategic objective is to develop hazard mitigation technologies for water reclamation providing safe and cost effective routes for managed aquifer recharge. Different treatment applications in terms of behaviour of key microbial and chemical contaminants are assessed. Engineered as well as natural treatment trains are investigated to provide guidance for sustainable MAR schemes using alternative sources such as effluent and stormwater. The technologies considered are also well suited to the needs of developing countries, which have a growing need of supplementation of freshwater resources. A broad range of international full-scale case studies enables insights into long-term system behaviour, operational aspects, and fate of a comprehensive number of compounds and contaminants, especially organic micropollutants and bulk organics. Water Reclamation Technologies for Safe Managed Aquifer Recharge depicts advances in water reclamation technologies and aims to provide new process combinations to treat alternative water sources to appropriate water quality levels for sustainable aquifer recharge. Editors: Christian Kazner, RWTH Aachen University, Germany, Thomas Wintgens, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Peter Dillon, CSIRO, Australia

Download or read book Securing Broken Hill s Water Supply written by Kenneth Campbell Lawrie and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hydraulic Characterization of an Aquifer Through Passive Monitoring written by Keary Lynn Hildenbrand and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Managed Groundwater Recharge and Rainwater Harvesting written by Dipankar Saha and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Groundwater Dynamics in Hard Rock Aquifers written by Shakeel Ahmed and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-11-18 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the results and findings of the advanced research carried out in a pilot area with a thorough investigation of the structure and functioning of an aquifer in a granitic formation. It characterizes the hard rock aquifer system and examines its properties and behavior as well as systematically details the geophysical, geological and remote sensing applications to conceptualize such an aquifer system.

Download or read book Contaminants in the Subsurface written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-04-23 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At hundreds of thousands of commercial, industrial, and military sites across the country, subsurface materials including groundwater are contaminated with chemical waste. The last decade has seen growing interest in using aggressive source remediation technologies to remove contaminants from the subsurface, but there is limited understanding of (1) the effectiveness of these technologies and (2) the overall effect of mass removal on groundwater quality. This report reviews the suite of technologies available for source remediation and their ability to reach a variety of cleanup goals, from meeting regulatory standards for groundwater to reducing costs. The report proposes elements of a protocol for accomplishing source remediation that should enable project managers to decide whether and how to pursue source remediation at their sites.

Download or read book Ground Water Recharge Using Waters of Impaired Quality written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As demand for water increases, water managers and planners will need to look widely for ways to improve water management and augment water supplies. This book concludes that artificial recharge can be one option in an integrated strategy to optimize total water resource management and that in some cases impaired-quality water can be used effectively as a source for artificial recharge of ground water aquifers. Source water quality characteristics, pretreatment and recharge technologies, transformations during transport through the soil and aquifer, public health issues, economic feasibility, and legal and institutional considerations are addressed. The book evaluates three main types of impaired quality water sourcesâ€"treated municipal wastewater, stormwater runoff, and irrigation return flowâ€"and describes which is the most consistent in terms of quality and quantity. Also included are descriptions of seven recharge projects.

Download or read book Sources Effects and Risks of Ionizing Radiation United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation UNSCEAR 2016 Report written by United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) and published by United Nations. This book was released on 2017-04-25 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report assesses the levels and effects of exposure to ionizing radiation. Scientific findings underpin radiation risk evaluation and international protection standards. This report comprises a report with two underpinning scientific annexes. The first annex recapitulates and clarifies the philosophy of science as well as the scientific knowledge for attributing observed health effects in individuals and populations to radiation exposure, and distinguishes between that and inferring risk to individuals and populations from an exposure. The second annex reviews the latest thinking and approaches to quantifying the uncertainties in assessments of risk from radiation exposure, and illustrates these approaches with application to examples that are highly pertinent to radiation protection.