Download or read book Characteristics of the Interannual and Decadal Variability in a General Circulation Model of the Tropical Atlantic Ocean written by Bohua Huang and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Natural Decadal Climate Variability written by Vikram M. Mehta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-11-19 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural decadal climate variability (DCV) and its interactions with anthropogenic climate change (ACC) are vitally important to understand to predict the future of the Earth’s climate. This book, after familiarizing readers with the importance of understanding and predicting DCV phenomena and its distinction from ACC phenomena, comprehensively explains the physics of DCV, integrating paleoclimate proxy and modern instrument-based data and simulations with climate models. Features of this book: Uniquely focuses on natural DCV, its physics, and its predictability Presents an integrated view of DCV phenomena based on approximately 700 peer-reviewed publications cited in the book Includes research on influences of decadal variability in solar emissions on the Earth’s climate, with a historical perspective going back several centuries Describes progress in decadal climate predictability and prediction research, with a historical perspective on weather and climate predictability research This book is an excellent resource for graduate students, faculty members and other teachers and researchers, and anyone who is interested in learning about a very important component of the puzzle of the changing climate. "This book provides a comprehensive review.... Highlighted throughout the book are potential links between DCV and solar variability, a fascinating topic that has engaged our minds for centuries. Written by an expert with more than 30 years’ experience, this book should be an invaluable resource for students and researchers interested in how our climate will evolve over the coming decades." Doug Smith, Decadal Climate Prediction Leader, Meteorological Office Hadley Centre, UK "This book is a tour de force by the author who has spent his career studying decadal climate variability. He brings new insights to the vast scope of this topic, providing clearly understandable descriptions of the various aspects." Gerald Meehl, Senior Scientist, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Colorado, USA

Download or read book Interhemispheric Water Exchange in the Atlantic Ocean written by G.J. Goni and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-11-12 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent results from modeling and observational studies demonstrate that the tropical Atlantic is a critical region for processes that maintain the meridional overturning circulation, such as cross-equatorial exchanges, and for sea surface temperature variability that impacts on climate variability of the coupled tropical ocean/atmosphere system. The theme of this book is the inter-hemispheric and inter-gyre exchanges of heat, salt and fresh water, while its goal is to improve the knowledge of the tropical Atlantic dynamics and how it affects the global ocean. A clear understanding of the dynamics of processes that affect the flow of mass and heat between the southern and the northern hemispheres in the upper few hundred meters in the tropical Atlantic and of those associated to the ocean circulation or to surface signals, from decadal, inter-annual to mesoscale periods, becomes necessary to better evaluate their contribution to the interhemispheric mass exchange. These processes are believed to be largely responsible in driving the sea surface temperature, which in turn, is a critical parameter to investigate ocean-atmospheric interactions. Output produced by regional models is also used to complement the observations and to provide additional information on their spatial and temporal variability. The subtropical cells, by bringing water masses subducted in the subtropics to the equator, and zonal currents investigated here contribute to the interhemispheric water exchange. Special attention is also given to the warm and salty anticyclonic rings shed by the North Brazil Current, which are now known to have a much broader impact, not only on interhemispheric water mass transfer, but also on the environment of remote regions. Observations from different sources are blended together, are used to validate model outputs and are also assimilated into models to obtain a more complete and accurate picture of the oceanic circulation and of its time evolution.

Download or read book Coupled Ocean atmosphere Variability in the Tropical Atlantic in the Absence of an Annual Cycle written by Susan Carr Bates and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Interannual and Decadal Climate Variability in Coral and Instrumental Records with a Focus on the Western Indian Ocean written by David Ericsson Hunter and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Frontiers in Decadal Climate Variability written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-07-22 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many factors contribute to variability in Earth's climate on a range of timescales, from seasons to decades. Natural climate variability arises from two different sources: (1) internal variability from interactions among components of the climate system, for example, between the ocean and the atmosphere, and (2) natural external forcings, such as variations in the amount of radiation from the Sun. External forcings on the climate system also arise from some human activities, such as the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and aerosols. The climate that we experience is a combination of all of these factors. Understanding climate variability on the decadal timescale is important to decision-making. Planners and policy makers want information about decadal variability in order to make decisions in a range of sectors, including for infrastructure, water resources, agriculture, and energy. In September 2015, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to examine variability in Earth's climate on decadal timescales, defined as 10 to 30 years. During the workshop, ocean and climate scientists reviewed the state of the science of decadal climate variability and its relationship to rates of human-caused global warming, and they explored opportunities for improvement in modeling and observations and assessing knowledge gaps. Frontiers in Decadal Climate Variability summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

Download or read book A Model Study of Interannual and Decadal Variability of the Arctic and Sub arctic Oceans written by Sarah Emily Mae Lundrigan and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ocean Circulation and Climate written by Mojib Latif and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An inherent feature of the climate is its strong variability on a vast range of timescales, from seasonal to multimillennial and beyond. Decadal variability, which is the topic of this chapter, has large implications for society, as its consequences can be experienced by individuals during their own lifetime. Examples of decadal variability include the Dust Bowl drought of the 1930s in the American and Canadian prairie lands, the Sahel drought of the 1970s and 1980s, the ongoing drought which started in 2000 in the southwestern United States, and the multidecadal variability in Atlantic hurricane activity during the twentieth century. Furthermore, it is the decadal to multidecadal variability that makes the detection of anthropogenic climate change a challenge, since global warming evolves on a similar timescale. The detection problem specifically applies to the regional scale, where natural variability is the strongest. It is a central challenge of climate science to understand and possibly predict such regional-scale climate variability and change over timescales of decades.

Download or read book Decadal variability of the North Atlantic in an ocean general circulation model written by Ralf Weisse and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Tropical Forests of the Guiana Shield written by D. S. Hammond and published by CABI. This book was released on 2005 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Guiana Shield is an ancient geological formation located in the northern part of South America, covering an area of one million square kilometres. Despite its hostile environment, it is home to many unusual and highly specialized plants and animals, which constitute a rich area of biodiversity. Chapters in this book include hydrology, nutrient cycling, forest phenology, insect-plant interactions, forest microclimate, plant distributions, forest dynamics and conservation and management of flora and fauna. It provides a comprehensive and detailed review of the ecology, biology and natural history of the forests of the area.

Download or read book Influence of the Sea Surface Temperature Decadal Variability on Tropical Precipitation West African and South American Monsoon written by Julián Villamayor and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-05 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) patterns of decadal-to-multidecadal variability observed and simulated by 17 general circulation models (GCMs) are analyzed. Furthermore, their impact on precipitation in West Africa and South America and the atmospheric mechanisms involved are assessed. Through this analysis, the effect of external forcings on these impacts and the relative contribution of decadal-to-multidecadal variability patterns of SST to precipitation are presented in depth. Finally, a humid period in the West African region of the Sahel during the 19th century, previously little documented, is analyzed using an atmospheric GCM. The monsoons of West Africa and South America have shown changes in the timescales of a few decades. Previous work suggests a relationship with patterns of decadal-to-multidecadal variability of SST, such as global warming and the Atlantic and Pacific variability. However, the dynamics underlying this relationship and its simulation by current GCMs had not been addressed in a consistent manner. This is the main motivation of this book. The results of this book not only represent a great step forward in our understanding of the changes in the precipitation regimes of the studied regions, but they can also be of great help for the improvement of decadal prediction systems and the associated social consequences.

Download or read book Journal of Physical Oceanography written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 1204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Coupled Ocean atmosphere Variability in the Tropical Atlantic Ocean written by Bohua Huang and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ocean Circulation and Climate written by Ben P. Kirtman and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This chapter summarizes the scientific basis for and the current status of seasonal-to-interannual prediction with particular emphasis on the role of the tropical oceans. The first part of the chapter focuses on oceanic sources of predictability in the tropical Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans. Seasonal-to-interannual predictability issues in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics are also discussed. Mechanisms that limit predictability, particularly for ENSO, are highlighted. The second part of the chapter describes the forecast quality and procedures in practice today. Finally, the concluding remarks identify some outstanding challenges.

Download or read book Remotely Forced Variability in the Tropical Atlantic Ocean written by Bohua Huang and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Leading Patterns of the Tropical Atlantic Variability in a Coupled GCM written by Zeng-Zhen Hu and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ocean atmosphere Coupled Modes of Decadal Variability in the Southern Hemisphere written by Gang Wang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Southern Ocean has a critical influence on the global climate, and any long-term variability in the Southern Ocean can have both regional and global impacts significantly. However, sparse observations limit the study of the long-term variation. To test the quality of models simulating the natural sea surface temperature (SST) variability, the SST variability in the global oceans is evaluated in simulations of the Climate Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (CMIP3) and CMIP5 models. The result shows that some models demonstrate good skill in simulating the observed spatial structure of the SST variability in the tropical domains and less so in the extra-tropical domains. The CMIP5 ensemble exhibits some improvement over the CMIP3 ensemble, mostly in the tropical domains on SST variability simulation. Further, the spatial structure of the SST modes of the CMIP3 and CMIP5 super ensemble is more realistic than any single model, which is mostly used for the following study. Several SST leading modes in the Southern Ocean are discussed on decadal and even larger time scales using CMIP5 data set based on EOF analysis. We compare the modes against several simple null hypotheses, such as isotropic diffusion (red noise) and a Slab Ocean model, to investigate the sources of decadal variability and the factors affecting the propagation and decay of long-term anomalies. The result reveals that the annular mode with largest amplitudes in the Pacific, the basin-wide monopole mode and South Pacific dipole are the principle patterns with low-frequency variability, which contain the dual effects of internal intrinsic processes as well as external forcing and teleconnections. The annular mode is mostly affected by El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) via teleconnection especially in the South Pacific domain and by local Southern Annular Mode (SAM) over the whole Southern Ocean. The monopole mode and South Pacific dipole mode, while they both demonstrate pronounced multi-decadal and longer time scales variability, are firstly inducted by the Wave-3 patterns in the atmosphere and further developed via ocean dynamics. The causes and characteristics of interannual-decadal SST variability in the Southern Ocean are further investigated with an ocean general circulation model and a simplified band ocean model. Possible factors are examined affecting the generation, propagation and decay of long-term anomalies with a series of sensitivity experiments. We found that the atmospheric forcing not only affects the SST modes on shorter time-scales directly, but also shows its influence on longer time scales via air-sea interaction, amplification and oceanic feedback. The deep mixed layer in the Southern Ocean is an essential element to maintain the long-term SST variability. The ocean dynamics connect the entire ocean and create the homogeneous-like spatial patterns. The ocean advection is the key factor to create SST spectral structure, which concentrates the spectrum on interannnual scale synchronizing with the transport of Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC).