Download or read book Chapter Active and Passive Acoustic Methods for In situ Monitoring of the Ocean Status written by Sara Pensieri and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent European strategic plans for the successful monitoring of the status of the ocean push on the development of an integrated observing system able to further link existing instruments and techniques with the aim to complement each other and answer open issues. A more intensive use of acoustic devices could contribute to the knowledge of oceanographic processes exploiting the characteristic of sound to travel in the ocean for a wide area than in the atmosphere. In this context, the installation of passive acoustic instruments, able to listen to ambient noise on fixed or mobile platforms, could contribute to provide information on sound budget and to enhance the monitoring capacity of meteorological phenomena also in the open ocean. Instead, the deployment of active acoustic instruments can be of benefit for monitoring biological activities through the analysis of backscatter data as well as for monitoring ocean waves.
Download or read book Active and Passive Acoustic Methods for In situ Monitoring of the Ocean Status written by Sara Pensieri and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent European strategic plans for the successful monitoring of the status of the ocean push on the development of an integrated observing system able to further link existing instruments and techniques with the aim to complement each other and answer open issues. A more intensive use of acoustic devices could contribute to the knowledge of oceanographic processes exploiting the characteristic of sound to travel in the ocean for a wide area than in the atmosphere. In this context, the installation of passive acoustic instruments, able to listen to ambient noise on fixed or mobile platforms, could contribute to provide information on sound budget and to enhance the monitoring capacity of meteorological phenomena also in the open ocean. Instead, the deployment of active acoustic instruments can be of benefit for monitoring biological activities through the analysis of backscatter data as well as for monitoring ocean waves.
Download or read book Advances inUnderwater Acoustics written by Andrzej Zak and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Underwater acoustics, despite the relatively short history, has already found practical application in many areas of human activity. It allows, among others, depth research, data transmission, and underwater observation and provides maritime transport safety and security against terrorists. Moreover, underwater acoustic technologies are also widely used in medicine, biology, and many other fields. Therefore, it is one of the most developing areas. This book is a collection of experiences of scientists from around the world engaged in research, design, and construction, as well as the daily use of underwater acoustic systems. Giving this book in the hands of the reader, we hope that it will be a treasure trove of knowledge and inspiration for further research in the field of underwater acoustics.
Download or read book Passive Acoustic Monitoring of Cetaceans written by Walter M. X. Zimmer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-04-21 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Passive acoustic monitoring is increasingly used by the scientific community to study, survey and census marine mammals, especially cetaceans, many of which are easier to hear than to see. PAM is also used to support efforts to mitigate potential negative effects of human activities such as ship traffic, military and civilian sonar and offshore exploration. Walter Zimmer provides an integrated approach to PAM, combining physical principles, discussion of technical tools and application-oriented concepts of operations. Additionally, relevant information and tools necessary to assess existing and future PAM systems are presented, with Matlab code used to generate figures and results so readers can reproduce data and modify code to analyse the impact of changes. This allows the principles to be studied whilst discovering potential difficulties and side effects. Aimed at graduate students and researchers, the book provides all information and tools necessary to gain a comprehensive understanding of this interdisciplinary subject.
Download or read book Passive Acoustic Techniques for Monitoring Ocean Dynamics written by Oleg A. Godin and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ambient noise in the ocean carries vast information about physical properties of the propagation medium, including sound speed and current velocity fields in the water column and geoacoustic parameters of the sea floor. Passive acoustic techniques utilize the ambient noise and sound sources of opportunity, such as shipping, to retrieve environmental information from measurements of acoustic pressure on hydrophone arrays without need for any controlled sound sources. Non-invasive nature of passive acoustic techniques and the types of the environmental characteristics these provide, combined with their low power requirements and the intrinsic needs for long observation times, near real-time access to data, and rather large data flows, make the passive acoustics ideally suited for incorporation into cabled ocean observatories. In this paper, we focus on retrieval of environmental parameters from the cross-correlation function of ambient noise. It is shown theoretically that, with the averaging time being sufficiently long, the two-point correlation function of diffuse ambient noise in an arbitrary inhomogeneous, moving medium contains as much information about the environment as can be obtained acoustically by placing transceivers in the two points. Thus, measurements of the noise cross-correlation allow one to quantify flow-induced acoustic non-reciprocity and evaluate both spatially averaged flow velocity and sound speed between the two points. Limitations are discussed which arise from the fact that ambient noise in the ocean is neither perfectly diffuse nor stationary. As an example of opportunities offered by coherent processing of ambient noise, we introduce the concept of a passive inverted echo sounder which would provide measurements of the heat content of the ocean and characterize the local internal gravity wave processes, much like conventional, active inverted echo sounders. Instead of radiating sound, the passive inverted echo sounder employs high-frequency acoustic noise generated by interaction and breaking of waves on the ocean surface as well as low-frequency noise from distant shipping to measure two-way acoustic travel times between near-bottom acoustic sensors and reflective ocean surface as well as scattering layers in the water column. The use of linear hydrophone arrays to decrease the necessary averaging times and improve accuracy of the correlation measurements of acoustic travel times will be discussed.
Download or read book Springer Handbook of Acoustics written by Thomas Rossing and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-06-21 with total page 1179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an unparalleled modern handbook reflecting the richly interdisciplinary nature of acoustics edited by an acknowledged master in the field. The handbook reviews the most important areas of the subject, with emphasis on current research. The authors of the various chapters are all experts in their fields. Each chapter is richly illustrated with figures and tables. The latest research and applications are incorporated throughout, including computer recognition and synthesis of speech, physiological acoustics, diagnostic imaging and therapeutic applications and acoustical oceanography. An accompanying CD-ROM contains audio and video files.
Download or read book Fish Bioacoustics written by Jacqueline F. Webb and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-05-22 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new definitive volume on fish auditory systems will interest investigators in both basic research of fish bioacoustics as well as investigators in applied aspects of fisheries and resource management. Topics cover structure, physiology, localization, and acoustic behavior as well as more applied topics such as using sound to detect and locate fish.
Download or read book Precipitation Science written by Silas Michaelides and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-11-11 with total page 871 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Precipitation Science: Measurement, Remote Sensing, Microphysics and Modeling addresses the latest key concerns for researchers in precipitation science, mainly observing, measuring, modeling and forecasting. Using case studies and global examples, the book demonstrates how researchers are addressing these issues using state-of-the-art methods and models to improve accuracy and output across the field. In the process, it covers such topics as discrepancies between models and observations, precipitation estimations, error assessment, droplet size distributions, and using data in forecasting and simulations. Other sections cover improved standard approaches, novel approaches, and coverage of a variety of topics such as climatology, data records, and more. By providing comprehensive coverage of the most up-to-date approaches to understanding, modeling, and predicting precipitation, this book offers researchers in atmospheric science, hydrology and meteorology with a comprehensive resource for improving outcomes and advancing knowledge. Provides updated and novel approaches to key issues in precipitation research Offers practical knowledge through global examples and case studies Includes full-color visuals to enhance comprehension of key concepts
Download or read book Real time Coastal Observing Systems for Marine Ecosystem Dynamics and Harmful Algal Blooms written by Babin, Marcel and published by UNESCO. This book was released on 2008-06-05 with total page 880 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proliferation of harmful phytoplankton in marine ecosystems can cause massive fish kills, contaminate seafood with toxins, impact local and regional economies and dramatically affect ecological balance. Real-time observations are essential for effective short-term operational forecasting, but observation and modelling systems are still being developed. This volume provides guidance for developing real-time and near real-time sensing systems for observing and predicting plankton dynamics, including harmful algal blooms, in coastal waters. The underlying theory is explained and current trends in research and monitoring are discussed.Topics covered include: coastal ecosystems and dynamics of harmful algal blooms; theory and practical applications of in situ and remotely sensed optical detection of microalgal distributions and composition; theory and practical applications of in situ biological and chemical sensors for targeted species and toxin detection; integrated observing systems and platforms for detection; diagnostic and predictive modelling of ecosystems and harmful algal blooms, including data assimilation techniques; observational needs for the public and government; and future directions for research and operations.
Download or read book Ecoacoustics written by Almo Farina and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-07-24 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sounds produced by geophonic, biophonic and technophonic sources are relevant to the function of natural and human modified ecosystems. Passive recording is one of the most non-invasive technologies as its use avoids human intrusion during acoustic surveys and facilitates the accumulation of huge amounts of acoustical data. For the first time, this book collates and reviews the science behind ecoaucostics; illustrating the principles, methods and applications of this exciting new field. Topics covered in this comprehensive volume include; the assessment of biodiversity based on sounds emanating from a variety of environments the best technologies and methods necessary to investigate environmental sounds implications for climate change and urban systems the relationship between landscape ecology and ecoacoustics the conservation of soundscapes and the social value of ecoacoustics areas of potential future research. An invaluable resource for scholars, researchers and students, Ecoacoustics: The Ecological Role of Sounds provides an unrivalled set of ideas, tools and references based on the current state of the field.
Download or read book Challenges and Innovations in Ocean In Situ Sensors written by Eric Delory and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-09-21 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Challenges and Innovations in Ocean In-Situ Sensors: Measuring Inner Ocean Processes and Health in the Digital Age highlights collaborations of industry and academia in identifying the key challenges and solutions related to ocean observations. A new generation of sensors is presented that addresses the need for higher reliability (e.g. against biofouling), better integration on platforms in terms of size and communication, and data flow across domains (in-situ, space, etc.). Several developments are showcased using a broad diversity of measuring techniques and technologies. Chapters address different sensors and approaches for measurements, including applications, quality monitoring and initiatives that will guide the need for monitoring. Integrates information across key marine and maritime sectors and supports regional policy requirements on monitoring programs Offers tactics for enabling early detection and more effective monitoring of the marine environment and implementation of appropriate management actions Presents new technologies driving the next generation of sensors, allowing readers to understand new capabilities for monitoring and opportunities for another generation of sensors Includes a global vision for ocean monitoring that fosters a new perspective on the direction of ocean measurements
Download or read book Meteorological monitoring guidance for regulatory modeling applications written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2000 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ocean Noise and Marine Mammals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-05-22 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the 119 species of marine mammals, as well as for some other aquatic animals, sound is the primary means of learning about the environment and of communicating, navigating, and foraging. The possibility that human-generated noise could harm marine mammals or significantly interfere with their normal activities is an issue of increasing concern. Noise and its potential impacts have been regulated since the passage of the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972. Public awareness of the issue escalated in 1990s when researchers began using high-intensity sound to measure ocean climate changes. More recently, the stranding of beaked whales in proximity to Navy sonar use has again put the issue in the spotlight. Ocean Noise and Marine Mammals reviews sources of noise in the ocean environment, what is known of the responses of marine mammals to acoustic disturbance, and what models exist for describing ocean noise and marine mammal responses. Recommendations are made for future data gathering efforts, studies of marine mammal behavior and physiology, and modeling efforts necessary to determine what the long- and short-term impacts of ocean noise on marine mammals.
Download or read book Ocean Surface Waves written by Stanislaw R. Massel and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1996 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is intended as a handbook for professionals and researchers in the areas of Physical Oceanography, Ocean and Coastal Engineering and as a text for graduate students in these fields. It presents a comprehensive study on surface ocean waves induced by wind, including basic mathematical principles, physical description of the observed phenomena, practical forecasting techniques of various wave parameters and applications in ocean and coastal engineering, all from the probabilistic and spectral points of view. The book commences with a description of mechanisms of surface wave generation by wind and its modern modeling techniques. The stochastic and probabilistic terminology is introduced and the basic statistical and spectral properties of ocean waves are developed and discussed in detail. The bulk of material deals with the prediction techniques for waves in deep and coastal waters for simple and complex ocean basins and complex bathymetry. The various prediction methods, currently used in oceanography and ocean engineering, are described and the examples of practical calculations illustrate the basic text. An appendix provides a description of the modern methods of wave measurement, including the remote sensing techniques. Also the wave simulation methods and random data analysis techniques are discussed. In the book a lot of discoveries of the Russian and East European scientists, largely unknown in the Western literature due to the language barrier, are referred to.
Download or read book Fisheries Acoustics written by D.N. MacLennan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-04-30 with total page 755 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate is the most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the observed and projected changes to the ocean and cryosphere and their associated impacts and risks, with a focus on resilience, risk management response options, and adaptation measures, considering both their potential and limitations. It brings together knowledge on physical and biogeochemical changes, the interplay with ecosystem changes, and the implications for human communities. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Download or read book Methods of Seawater Analysis written by Klaus Grasshoff and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-07-30 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the book first appeared in 1976, Methods of Seawater Analysis has found widespread acceptance as a reliable and detailed source of information. Its second extended and revised edition published in 1983 reflected the rapid pace of instrumental and methodological evolution in the preceding years. The development has lost nothing of its momentum, and many methods and procedures still suffering their teething troubles then have now matured into dependable tools for the analyst. This is especially evident for trace and ultra-trace analyses of organic and inorganic seawater constituents which have diversified considerably and now require more space for their description than before. Methods to determine volatile halocarbons, dimethyl sulphide, photosynthetic pigments and natural radioactive tracers have been added as well as applications of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and various electrochemical methods for trace metal analysis. Another method not previously described deals with the determination of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide as part of standardised procedures to describe the marine CO2 system.
