Download or read book Changes in Time to Reach VO2max in Subsequent High intensity Intervals written by Adam James Switters and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During high-intensity exercise, oxygen uptake increases until maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) is reached. The rate at which the body uptakes oxygen can be described throughVO2 kinetics. When high-intensity exercise is preceded by an additional bout of high-intensity exercise, VO2 kinetics are altered so that VO2max is achieved sooner. Therefore, it is possible that VO2 kinetics are further altered by subsequent bouts of high-intensity exercise. To investigate the time to reach VO2max during subsequent intervals at pVO2max lasting 60% Tmax in well-trained cyclists. Twelve male cyclists completed a graded exercise test (GXT) to determine their pVO2max, followed by a time to fatigue test later that same day to determine their Tmax. After 7 days, subjects returned and completed 5 intervals at pVO2max for a duration of 60% Tmax. In between intervals, subjects pedaled at a low load (20W) for a duration equal to their interval duration. Expired air and heart rate (HR) was recorded as 20-second averages. Analysis of peak values (VO2, HR, and VE) between the GXT and interval trials was completed with a paired t-test. Analysis of interval variables (time to reach VO2max, peak VO2 HR, VE, and RER was completed with a one-way repeated measures ANOVA. A p-level of

Download or read book The Science of Running written by Steve Magness and published by Origin Press (CA). This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews of The Science of Running:"The Science of Running sets the new standard for training theory and physiological data. Every veteran and beginner distance coach needs to have this on their book shelf."-Alan WebbAmerican Record Holder-Mile 3:46.91 "For anyone serious about running, The Science of Running offers the latest information and research for optimizing not only your understanding of training but also your performance. If you want to delve deeper into the world of running and training, this book is for you. You will never look at running the same."-Jackie Areson, 15th at the 2013 World Championships in the 5k. 15:12 5,000m best If you are looking for how to finish your first 5k, this book isn't for you. The Science of Running is written for those of us looking to maximize our performance, get as close to our limits as possible, and more than anything find out how good we can be, or how good our athletes can be. In The Science of Running, elite coach and exercise physiologist Steve Magness integrates the latest research with the training processes of the world's best runners, to deliver an in depth look at how to maximize your performance. It is a unique book that conquers both the scientific and practical points of running in two different sections. The first is aimed at identifying what limits running performance from a scientific standpoint. You will take a tour through the inside of the body, learning what causes fatigue, how we produce energy to run, and how the brain functions to hold you back from super-human performance. In section two, we turn to the practical application of this information and focus on the process of training to achieve your goals. You will learn how to develop training plans and to look at training in a completely different way. The Science of Running does not hold back information and is sure to challenge you to become a better athlete, coach, or exercise scientist in covering such topics as:· What is fatigue? The latest research on looking at fatigue from a brain centered view.· Why VO2max is the most overrated and misunderstood concept in both the lab and on the track· Why "zone" training leads to suboptimal performance.· How to properly individualize training for your own unique physiology.· How to look at the training process in a unique way in terms of stimulus and adaptation.· Full sample training programs from 800m to the marathon.

Download or read book Science and Application of High Intensity Interval Training written by Laursen, Paul and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2019 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The popularity of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), which consists primarily of repeated bursts of high-intensity exercise, continues to soar because its effectiveness and efficiency have been proven in use by both elite athletes and general fitness enthusiasts. Surprisingly, few resources have attempted to explain both the science behind the HIIT movement and its sport-specific application to athlete training. That’s why Science and Application of High-Intensity Interval Training is a must-have resource for sport coaches, strength and conditioning professionals, personal trainers, and exercise physiologists, as well as for researchers and sport scientists who study high-intensity interval training.

Download or read book The Effects of Low Volume High Intensity Interval Training Vs Periodized High Intensity Interval Training on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Sedentary Women with Obesity written by Amy Clark and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To investigate effects of two high intensity interval training (HIIT) regimes on changes in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), O2 pulse and ventilatory threshold (VT) in obese, sedentary women. Methods: 17 obese sedentary women (age and BMI=37.5±10.5 years and 39.0±4.7 kg/m2) participated in a six-week exercise intervention with three training sessions per week. Participants were randomized to low volume HIIT (LOW) (n=9, VO2max=21.5±3.2 mL/kg/min) or periodized HIIT (PER) (n=8, VO2max=17.3±2.4mL/kg/min). VO2max and peak power output (PPO) were measured on a cycle ergometer at baseline and at 3 and at 6 weeks using a ramp exercise test. Women in LOW completed repeated 60 second bouts of HIIT at 70-85% PPO; whereas, women in PER performed a different number of bouts and intensities each week. Results: There was a significant difference in relative (p=0.002; LOW: 21.5±3.2 vs. 22.5±3.2 mL/kg/min; PER: 17.3±2.41 vs. 18.0±2.2 mL/kg/min) and absolute (p=0.001; LOW: 2.1±0.3 vs. 2.2±0.3 L/min; PER: 1.9±0.4 vs. 2.0±0.3 L/min) VO2max across time, but no interaction (p=0.79 and p=0.53). There was no change in VT expressed as VT % VO2max (p=0.24) yet there was a group X time interaction (p=0.043). VT expressed in Watts was significantly different over time (p=0.001) but there was no group X time interaction (p=0.09). O2 pulse significantly increased from pre- to post-training (p=.003) but there was no time X group interaction (p=0.95). Conclusion: Although there were no significant differences between regimes, HIIT elicits significant changes in VO2max, O2 pulse and VT in sedentary women with obesity, which are improve health status.

Download or read book 60 Second Sweat written by Patrick Striet and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2016-12-27 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are—literally—thousands of fitness programs out there to choose from. What makes the 60-Second Sweat different? For the past 15 years, Patrick Striet has run a fitness training facility in Cincinnati, Ohio, where he has worked with hundreds of every day men and women—working moms, college students, senior citizens, middle-aged men, and more (plus a few elite athletes). Through this experience, he has identified the barriers most people face when it comes to exercising consistently—lack of time, lack of results, injuries, boredom—and specifically designed the 60-Second Sweat to address them. The 60-Second Sweat is: Efficient: Most mainstream fitness programs call for a 5 to 6-day per week commitment, with workouts ranging up to an hour (or more) in duration. What’s more, most programs focus on one component of fitness in each workout. For example, you might do cardiovascular exercises for 45 minutes on Monday, Wednesday and Friday, and then strength train for an hour on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday. Who has time for that? Not me…and probably not you either. With the 60-Second Sweat, you’ll work out between 20 to 40 minutes a day for 3 to 4 days a week, and you will never be performing the same exercise or activity for more than 1 minute at a time. Effective: HIIT (high-intensity interval training), in which you alternate between bouts of intense exercise and short “rest” periods, has been a growing fitness trend for several years now, and for good reason. Research has shown that it’s more effective than traditional steady-state workouts for both building cardiovascular fitness and shedding fat. However, it neglects muscular fitness, which is key for boosting metabolism. So the 60-Second Sweat combines HIIT with MRT (metabolic resistance training) to build strength along with cardiovascular fitness in one comprehensive workout. Safe: Keeping in mind the typical orthopedic issues most “real world” adult face—cranky knees, aching backs, stiff shoulders, and sore necks—the 60-Second Sweat gives equal weight to every muscle group, and not just the showy mirror muscles emphasized by many fitness programs. Exercises progress gradually in difficulty and intensity so that you start seeing results right away, building from a beginner level to advanced in just 9 weeks. Varied: The 60-Second Sweat is a balanced and functional movement-based plan, requiring basic and fundamental human movement patterns performed with bare bones equipment. During the 60-Second Sweat workouts, you will never be performing the same exercise or activity for more than 1 minute, so you will never get bored. Every exercise, set, rep…every minute…will count for and towards something: developing the best and fittest you! Bottom line: the days of inefficient, archaic, time-consuming, unsafe, and impractical fitness workouts are over. Based on the most up-to-date principles in modern exercise science, the 60-Second Sweat is a program, not just a workout. It is not a short-term fix, but, rather, a roadmap to the fittest, most confident you. While the 60-Second Sweat workouts will certainly challenge you and leave you dripping in sweat, that’s not the end goal. The purpose of the programs in this book is for you to attain phenomenal and sustainable fitness…safely and realistically…1 minute at a time.

Download or read book The Cardiovascular and Metabolic Effects of High intensity Interval Training with and Without High altitude Simulation and Either with and Without High concentration Oxygen Recovery Assistance written by Frank Wojan and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Purpose: The study investigated the acute responses of altitude (Denver, CO) simulation during high intensity interval training and the subsequent supplementation of oxygen to facilitate greater recovery. Lacking literature on the subject matter is a major consideration for completion of the study. We hypothesize that oxygen supplementation during an acute bout of high intensity interval training with accompanying altitude will allow for greater recovery. Methods: Seven healthy cyclists aged 40.9 +/- 7.01 (Height: 68.4 +/- 4.98: Weight: 171.3 +/- 33.29: 19.3% +/-7.41%: VO2 Max L/min 4.12 +/- 1.17) performed baseline VO2max testing and three subsequent separate randomized trials consisting of three HIIT and recovery intervals with varying conditions. Session A: altitude intervals / supplemental oxygen recovery. Session B: sea level HIIT / sea level recovery. Session C: altitude HIIT / sea level recovery. Trial intensity will be established by cardiac output prediction and set at 75% HIIT and 50% recovery in watts. Results: Supplemental oxygen following HIIT elicited significant responses in HR (p

Download or read book Endurance Sports Medicine written by Timothy L Miller and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-12 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing comprehensive discussion of this newly developing branch of sports medicine, this unique and up-to-date book focuses specifically on the treatment of athletes who train for and participate in endurance sporting events, including not only traditional endurance athletes such as runners, swimmers, bikers and triathletes, but also rowers, adventure racers, military personnel, and cross-fit athletes. Detailing strategies for not only treating and preventing injuries and conditions but also for optimizing an athlete’s performance, it is divided into three thematic sections. The first section covers common medical conditions faced by the endurance athlete, including cardiovascular conditions, asthma, and heat- and altitude-related illnesses, while also discussing gender differences, pregnancy and the pediatric endurance athlete. Section two focuses on the management of common musculoskeletal conditions, such as stress fractures, overuse injuries of the soft tissue, compartment syndrome, shoulder and hip injuries, and exercise and osteoarthritis. The last section presents special considerations for the endurance athlete, including gait and swim-stroke analysis, bike fitting, mental preparation, optimizing nutrition, and how to organize medical coverage for events, as well as decision-making for return to play. A timely topic and one which has not been written about extensively in one concise collection of chapters, Endurance Sports Medicine is a valuable guide for sports medicine physicians, orthopedists, athletic trainers, physical therapists, coaches, officials, and athletes in understanding the needs of the determined individuals who participate in endurance sports.

Download or read book Fast After 50 written by Joe Friel and published by VeloPress. This book was released on 2015-01-10 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fast After 50 is for every endurance athlete who wants to stay fast for years to come. For runners, cyclists, triathletes, swimmers, and cross-country skiers, getting older doesn’t have to mean getting slower. Drawing from the most current research on aging and sports performance, Joe Friel--America’s leading endurance sports coach--shows how athletes can race strong and stay healthy well past age 50. In his groundbreaking book Fast After 50, Friel offers a smart approach for athletes to ward off the effects of age. Friel shows athletes how to extend their racing careers for decades--and race to win. Fast After 50 presents guidelines for high-intensity workouts, focused strength training, recovery, crosstraining, and nutrition for high performance: How the body’s response to training changes with age, how to adapt your training plan, and how to avoid overtraining How to shed body fat and regain muscle density How to create a progressive plan for training, rest, recovery, and competition Workout guidelines, field tests, and intensity measurement In Fast After 50, Joe Friel shows athletes that age is just a number--and race results are the only numbers that count. With contributions from: Mark Allen, Gale Bernhardt, Amby Burfoot, Dr. Larry Creswell, John Howard, Dr. Tim Noakes, Ned Overend, Dr. John Post, Dr. Andrew Pruitt, and Lisa Rainsberger.

Download or read book Advances in Meta Analysis written by Terri Pigott and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-31 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The subject of the book is advanced statistical analyses for quantitative research synthesis (meta-analysis), and selected practical issues relating to research synthesis that are not covered in detail in the many existing introductory books on research synthesis (or meta-analysis). Complex statistical issues are arising more frequently as the primary research that is summarized in quantitative syntheses itself becomes more complex, and as researchers who are conducting meta-analyses become more ambitious in the questions they wish to address. Also as researchers have gained more experience in conducting research syntheses, several key issues have persisted and now appear fundamental to the enterprise of summarizing research. Specifically the book describes multivariate analyses for several indices commonly used in meta-analysis (e.g., correlations, effect sizes, proportions and/or odds ratios), will outline how to do power analysis for meta-analysis (again for each of the different kinds of study outcome indices), and examines issues around research quality and research design and their roles in synthesis. For each of the statistical topics we will examine the different possible statistical models (i.e., fixed, random, and mixed models) that could be adopted by a researcher. In dealing with the issues of study quality and research design it covers a number of specific topics that are of broad concern to research synthesists. In many fields a current issue is how to make sense of results when studies using several different designs appear in a research literature (e.g., Morris & Deshon, 1997, 2002). In education and other social sciences a critical aspect of this issue is how one might incorporate qualitative (e.g., case study) research within a synthesis. In medicine, related issues concern whether and how to summarize observational studies, and whether they should be combined with randomized controlled trials (or even if they should be combined at all). For each topic, included is a worked example (e.g., for the statistical analyses) and/or a detailed description of a published research synthesis that deals with the practical (non-statistical) issues covered.

Download or read book Fitness Measures and Health Outcomes in Youth written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-12-10 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical fitness affects our ability to function and be active. At poor levels, it is associated with such health outcomes as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Physical fitness testing in American youth was established on a large scale in the 1950s with an early focus on performance-related fitness that gradually gave way to an emphasis on health-related fitness. Using appropriately selected measures to collected fitness data in youth will advance our understanding of how fitness among youth translates into better health. In Fitness Measures and Health Outcomes in Youth, the IOM assesses the relationship between youth fitness test items and health outcomes, recommends the best fitness test items, provides guidance for interpreting fitness scores, and provides an agenda for needed research. The report concludes that selected cardiorespiratory endurance, musculoskeletal fitness, and body composition measures should be in fitness surveys and in schools. Collecting fitness data nationally and in schools helps with setting and achieving fitness goals and priorities for public health at an individual and national level.

Download or read book Training for the Uphill Athlete written by Steve House and published by Patagonia. This book was released on 2019-03-12 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents training principles for the multisport mountain athlete who regularly participates in a mix of distance running, ski mountaineering, and other endurance sports that require optimum fitness and customized strength

Download or read book Nutrition Health and Athletic Performance written by Kelly Pritchett and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-07-04 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Nutrition, Health and Athletic Performance" that was published in Nutrients

Download or read book The One Minute Workout written by Martin Gibala and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2017-02-07 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Finally, the solution to the #1 reason we don’t exercise: time. Everyone has one minute. A decade ago, Martin Gibala was a young researcher in the field of exercise physiology—with little time to exercise. That critical point in his career launched a passion for high-intensity interval training (HIIT), allowing him to stay in shape with just a few minutes of hard effort. It also prompted Gibala to conduct experiments that helped launch the exploding science of ultralow-volume exercise. Now that he’s the worldwide guru of the science of time-efficient workouts, Gibala’s first book answers the ultimate question: How low can you go? Gibala’s fascinating quest for the answer makes exercise experts of us all. His work demonstrates that very short, intense bursts of exercise may be the most potent form of workout available. Gibala busts myths (“it’s only for really fit people”), explains astonishing science (“intensity trumps duration”), lays out time-saving life hacks (“exercise snacking”), and describes the fascinating health-promoting value of HIIT (for preventing and reversing disease). Gibala’s latest study found that sedentary people derived the fitness benefits of 150 minutes of traditional endurance training with an interval protocol that involved 80 percent less time and just three minutes of hard exercise per week. Including the eight best basic interval workouts as well as four microworkouts customized for individual needs and preferences (you may not quite want to go all out every time), The One-Minute Workout solves the number-one reason we don’t exercise: lack of time. Because everyone has one minute.

Download or read book The Effects of High Intensity Interval Training on Pulmonary Function written by Cali A. Dunham and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-intensity interval training (HIT) has been utilized as a time-efficient strategy to induce numerous physiological adaptations and improve performance usually associated with "traditional" endurance training (ET). It is not known however, if HIT might lead to improvements in pulmonary function. Therefore we hypothesized that HIT would increase respiratory muscle strength and expiratory flow rates. Fifteen healthy subjects were randomly assigned to an ET group (n = 7) and a HIT group (n = 8). All subjects performed an incremental test to exhaustion (VO2 max) on a cycle ergometer prior to and after training. Standard pulmonary function tests, maximum inspiratory pressure (PImax), maximum expiratory pressure (PEmax), and maximal flow volume loops, were performed pre training and after each week of training. HIT subjects performed a four week training program on a cycle ergometer at 90% of their VO2 max final workload while the ET subjects performed exercise at 60-70% of their VO2 max final workload. All subjects trained three days/ week. The HIT group performed five one-minute bouts with three minute recovery periods and the ET group cycled for 45 minutes continuously at a constant workload. A five-mile time trial was performed prior to training, after two weeks of training, and after four weeks of training. Both groups showed similar (p0.05) increases in VO2 max (~8-10%) and improvements in time trials following training (HIT 6.5 " 1.3%, ET 4.4 " 1.8%) with no difference (p0.05) between groups. Both groups increased (p0.05) PImax post training (ET ~25%, HIT ~43%) with values significantly higher for HIT than ET. There was no change (p0.05) in expiratory flow rates with training in either group. These data suggest that whole body exercise training is effective in increasing inspiratory muscle strength with HIT leading to greater improvements than ET. Also, HIT offers a time-efficient alternative to ET in improving aerobic capacity and performance.

Download or read book The Assessment of Muscle Oxygen Saturation in Students During Maximal VO2 Exercise and High Intensity Intervals written by Justin Simmons and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advancement of human performance benefits from state-of-the-art technology to improve the ability to monitor and evaluate physiological adaptations in athletes. Previously validated as a reliable tool for measuring muscle oxygenation, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has evolved into a more portable platform capable of being used in a variety of settings. This has expanded the usefulness of NIRS and created an increase in explorations to evaluate its capabilities and applications in exercise science. With the emergence of new portable devices, the need to assess the capabilities and potential of such exercise tools is important. One such example of a portable NIRS device advertised to athletes and the military is the MOXY monitor. Purpose: To our knowledge, no studies exist that have examined the output produced by the MOXY monitor compared to other more established variables during high intensity intervals. Therefore, the purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the output provided by the MOXY monitors (SmO2) by comparing SmO2 to more established exercise variables including VO2, heart rate and blood lactate (BL) to determine if the values agree with physiological expectations. We predicted that the SmO2 would demonstrate an inverse relationship to other measured variables including HR, VO2 and BL. Eg. As SmO2 decreased, HR,VO2 and BL would increase and peak HR,VO2,BL values would coincide with SMO2 troughs. Methods: Six endurance-trained East Carolina University students, aged 21±2 years completed a VO2 max test followed by 6 high-intensity 30-second sprint intervals at 125% of VO2 max wattage on a cycle ergometer. SmO2 was measured using MOXY monitors (Fortiori Design LLC., MN, USA) placed on the quadriceps muscles as well as the left deltoid. HR was monitored using a Garmin FR70 watch (Garmin Ltd., Switzerland) and VO2 obtained using a Parvomedic TrueOne 2400 metabolic cart (Parvo Medics, UT, USA). BL was collected within 5 seconds of the completion of each of the 6 high intensity intervals using a Lactate Plus Meter (Sports Research Group Inc.). SmO2 and VO2 and SmO2 and HR were plotted over time to present a graphical illustration demonstrating the relationships among changes in oxygen saturation and the change with VO2 and HR. BL and SmO2 were presented using tables to display changes in BL and SmO2 as the intervals progressed. Results: All participants had a VO2 max [greater than]30ml/kg/min and no musculoskeletal injuries in the previous 3 months were reported. Body fat percentages were within normal ACSM guidelines and participants reported meeting USDA guidelines for fruit and vegetable intake (Dwyer, 2008, www.choosemyplate.gov). During each of the six intervals, SmO2 was shown to decrease as both VO2 and HR increased. Troughs in SmO2 did not consistently align with peaks in VO2 and HR, as SmO2 tended to reach troughs about 10 seconds after the completion of many intervals. VO2 also demonstrated peaks at 20 and 40-seconds following interval completion. Patterns in BL were unable to be evaluated due to inadequate BL collection. Only two participants had all 6 BL values successfully obtained while another had 5. These participants demonstrated a pattern of increasing with intervals 1-4 followed by a plateau or decline in the final intervals. Conclusion: The findings from this study support the hypothesis that SmO2 would demonstrate an inverse relationship compared to HR and VO2 during high intensity intervals. Eg. As SmO2 decreased during the intervals, both HR and VO2 increased. However, peak HR and VO2 values did not coincide with SmO2 troughs. A delay of about 10 seconds was observed in SmO2 troughs and a 20 to 40-second delay was seen in peak VO2 and HR values. Further research is needed to investigate this finding as it is unclear as to the cause of the delays. Despite previous research showing an inverse relationship among muscle oxygenation and BL, the present study was unable support this relationship as insufficient BL samples were available for evaluation. The results obtained from this study suggests the MOXY monitors may provide reliable output as the inverse relationships among SmO2 and HR and SmO2 and VO2 agree with physiological expectations, despite peaks and troughs not coinciding. Further research will be needed to explore the relationships among these variables and to further assess the MOXY monitor as a tool for exercise training.

Download or read book Optimization of Exercise Countermeasures for Human Space Flight Lessons from Terrestrial Physiology and Operational Implementation written by Tobias Weber and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-03-04 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human spaceflight has required space agencies to study and develop exercise countermeasure (CM) strategies to manage the profound, multi-system adaptation of the human body to prolonged microgravity (μG). Future space exploration will present new challenges in terms of adaptation management that will require the attention of both exercise physiologists and operational experts. In the short to medium-term, all exploration missions will be realised using relatively small vehicles/habitats, with some exploration scenarios including surface operations in low (<1G) gravity conditions. The evolution of CM hardware has allowed modern-day astronauts to return to Earth with, on average, relatively moderate levels μG-induced adaptation of the musculoskeletal (MS) and cardiovascular (CV) systems. However, although the intense use of CM has attenuated many aspects of MS and CV adaptation, on an individual level, there remains wide variation in the magnitude of these changes. Innovations in CM programs have been largely engineering-driven, with new hardware providing capability for new modes of exercise and a wider range of exercise protocols, which, in turn, has facilitated the transfer of traditional, but effective, terrestrial concepts based around high frequency resistance (multiple-set, multiple repetition) and mediumintensity continuous aerobic training. As a result, International Space Station (ISS) CM specialists have focused their efforts in these domains, taking advantage of hardware innovations as and when they became available. However, terrestrial knowledge in human and exercise physiology has expanded rapidly during the lifetime of the ISS and, consequently, there is potential to optimize current approaches by re-examining terrestrial knowledge and identifying opportunities to implement this knowledge into operational practices. Current terrestrial knowledge in exercise physiology is the product of a large number of intervention studies in which the variables that contribute to the effects of physical activity (mode, frequency, duration, intensity, recovery) have been controlled and systematically manipulated. However, due to limited opportunities to perform intervention studies in both spaceflight analogues – head-down bed rest (HDBR) being considered the ‘gold standard’ – and spaceflight itself, it will not be possible to systematically investigate the contribution of these factors to the efficacy of in-flight CM. As such, it will be necessary to draw on terrestrial evidence to identify solutions/strategies that may be best suited to the constraints of exploration and prioritise specific solutions/strategies for evaluation in HDBR and in flight.

Download or read book 80 20 Triathlon written by Matt Fitzgerald and published by Da Capo Lifelong Books. This book was released on 2018-09-18 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A breakthrough program for triathletes -- beginner, intermediate, and advanced -- showing how to balance training intensity to maximize performance -- from a fitness expert and elite coach. Cutting-edge research has proven that triathletes and other endurance athletes experience their greatest performance when they do 80 percent of their training at low intensity and the remaining 20 percent at moderate to high intensity. But the vast majority of recreational triathletes are caught in the so-called "moderate-intensity rut," spending almost half of their time training too hard--harder than the pros. Training harder isn't smarter; it actually results in low-grade chronic fatigue that prevents recreational athletes from getting the best results. In 80/20 Triathlon, Matt Fitzgerald and David Warden lay out the real-world and scientific evidence, offering concrete tips and strategies, along with complete training plans for every distance--Sprint, Olympic, Half-Ironman, and Ironman--to help athletes implement the 80/20 rule of intensity balance. Benefits include reduced fatigue and injury risk, improved fitness, increased motivation, and better race results.