Download or read book Cellulose Fermentation by Nitrogen fixing Anaerobic Bacteria written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In anaerobic natural environments cellulose is degraded to methane, carbon dioxide and other products by the combined activities of many diverse microorganisms. We are simulating processes occurring in natural environments by constructing biologically-defined, stable, heterogeneous bacterial communities (consortia) that we use as in vitro systems for quantitative studies of cellulose degradation under conditions of combined nitrogen deprivation. These studies include the investigation of (i) metabolic interactions among members of cellulose-degrading microbial populations, and (ii) processes that regulate the activity or biosynthesis of cellulolytic enzymes. In addition, we are studying the sensory mechanisms that, in natural environments, may enable motile cellulolytic bacteria to migrate toward cellulose. This part of our work includes biochemical characterization of the cellobiose chemoreceptor of cellulolytic bacteria. Finally, an important aspect of our research is the investigation of the mechanisms by which multienzyme complexes of anaerobic bacteria catalyze the depolymerization of crystalline cellulose and of other plant cell wall polysacchaddes. The research will provide fundamental information on the physiology and ecology of cellulose-fermenting, N2-fixing bacteria, and on the intricate processes involved in C and N cycling in anaerobic environments. Furthermore, the information will be valuable for the development of practical applications, such as the conversion of plant biomass (e.g., agricultural, forestry and municipal wastes) to automotive fuels such as ethanol.

Download or read book Cellulose Fermentation by Nitrogen fixing Anaerobic Bacteria Appendix 1 Progress Report June 1 1990 May 31 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This progress report covers research performed during the past three years, including the first two years and one month of the current three-year project period, from June 1, 190 through May 31, 1993. Progress is described in detailed on three fronts, namely (1) the cellulase system of anaerobic bacteria; the (2) the cellobiose chemoreceptor of cellulolytic bacteria; and (3) cellulose fermentation by biologically-defined bacterial consortia.

Download or read book Carbon and Nitrogen Transformations in the Aerobic Decomposition of Cellulose by Soil Microorganisms written by Hovhannes Heukelekian and published by . This book was released on 1925 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Anaerobic Fermentations written by Illinois State Water Survey and published by . This book was released on 1939 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nitrogen Fixation in Anaerobic Digestion written by Shuzo Tanaka and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Studies in Cellulose Decomposition by an Anaerobic Thermophilic Bacterium and Two Associated Non cellulolytic Species written by Lennart Enebo and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Studies on Cellulose Fermentation written by Robert Edward Hungate and published by . This book was released on 1944 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Microbial Fermentation of Abundant Biopolymers written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our research has dealt with seven major areas of investigation: i) characterization of cellulolytic members of microbial consortia, with special attention recently given to Clostridium phytofermentans, a bacterium that decomposes cellulose and produces uncommonly large amounts of ethanol, ii) investigations of the chitinase system of Cellulomonas uda; including the purification and characterization of ChiA, the major component of this enzyme system, iii) molecular cloning, sequence and structural analysis of the gene that encodes ChiA in C. uda, iv) biofilm formation by C. uda on nutritive surfaces, v) investigations of the effects of humic substances on cellulose degradation by anaerobic cellulolytic microbes, vi) studies of nitrogen metabolism in cellulolytic anaerobes, and vii) understanding the molecular architecture of the multicomplex cellulase-xylanase system of Clostridium papyrosolvens. Also, progress toward completing the research of more recent projects is briefly summarized. Major accomplishments include: 1. Characterization of Clostridium phytofermentans, a cellulose-fermenting, ethanol-producing bacterium from forest soil. The characterization of a new cellulolytic species isolated from a cellulose-decomposing microbial consortium from forest soil was completed. This bacterium is remarkable for the high concentrations of ethanol produced during cellulose fermentation, typically more than twice the concentration produced by other species of cellulolytic clostridia. 2. Examination of the use of chitin as a source of carbon and nitrogen by cellulolytic microbes. We discovered that many cellulolytic anaerobes and facultative aerobes are able to use chitin as a source of both carbon and nitrogen. This major discovery expands our understanding of the biology of cellulose-fermenting bacteria and may lead to new applications for these microbes. 3. Comparative studies of the cellulase and chitinase systems of Cellulomonas uda. Results of these studies indicate that the chitinase and cellulase systems of this bacterium are distinct in terms of the proteins involved and the regulation of their production. 4. Characterization of the chitinase system of C. uda. A 70,000-Mr endochitinase, designated ChiA, was purified from C. uda culture supernatant fluids and characterized. 5. Analysis of chiA, which codes for the major enzymatic component of the chitinase system of C. uda. The gene encoding the endochitinase ChiA in C. uda was cloned, its complete nucleotide sequence was determined and its implications were investigated. 6. Formation of biofilms by C. uda on cellulose and chitin. Microscopic observations indicated that, under conditions of nitrogen limitation, C. uda cells grew as a biofilm attached tightly to the surface of cellulose or chitin. 7. Development of tools for a genetic approach to studies of cellulose fermentation by cellulolytic clostridia. We have explored the potential of various techniques, and obtained evidence indicating that Tn916 mutagenesis may be particularly effective in this regard. As part of this research, we identified the presence of a plasmid in one strain, which was cloned, sequenced, and analyzed for its utility in the development of vectors for genetic studies. 8. Effects of humic substances on cellulose degradation by anaerobic cellulolytic microbes. We determined that humic substances play an important role in the anaerobic cellulose decomposition and in the physiology of cellulose-fermenting soil bacteria. 9. Nitrogenases of cellulolytic clostridia. We described a nitrogenase gene from a cellulolytic clostridium and presented evidence, based on sequence analyses and conserved gene order, for lateral gene transfer between this bacterium and a methanogenic archaeon. 10. Characterization of Clostridium hungatei, a new N2-fixing cellulolytic species isolated from a methanogenic consortium from soil. 11. Understanding the molecular architecture of the multicomplex cellulase-xylanase system of Clostridium papyrosolvens. We discovered that C. papyrosolvens produces a multiprotein, multicomplex cellulase-xylanase enzyme system that hydrolyzes crystalline cellulose, and we have described this system in detail.

Download or read book The Screening of Cellulolytic Anaerobic Bacteria and Investigation on Kinetics of Cellulose Degradation written by Aparat Chetsumon and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Controlled Ecological Life Support Systems Natural and Artificial Ecosystems written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Microbial Processes written by National Academy of Sciences and published by The Minerva Group, Inc.. This book was released on 2001-09 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microorganisms have simultaneously served and assaulted man throughout history. Man is totally dependent on some microbes for life processes, while remaining subject to the destructive capacities of others in diseases not yet conquered.Microbes can be marshaled to aid in solving many important global problems including food shortages, resource recovery and reuse, energy shortages, and pollution. Microbiology is particularly suited to make important contributions to human needs in developing countries, yet it has received comparatively little attention. The range of possible applications covers uses by individuals and industries in rural settings, villages, and cities.This book covers examples of microbial processes that may be useful in developing countries. Although many of these processes may not have a direct and immediate use, their scope and diversity should serve to indicate the strong potential for microbial applications.

Download or read book Anaerobic Fermentations written by Illinois State Water Survey and published by . This book was released on 1939 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994-06 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bacterial NanoCellulose written by Miguel Gama and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first book dedicated to the potential applications and unique properties of bacterial cellulose (BC), this seminal work covers the basic science, technology, and economic impact of this bulk chemical as well as the companies and patents that are driving the field. It reviews the biosynthesis and properties of BC, including genetics and characterization; discusses the advancing technology as it relates to product development, bioreactors, and production; and analyzes the economic impact of BC on a diverse range of industry applications, including materials and biomaterials, biological and polymer sciences, and electromechanical engineering.

Download or read book The Journal of Ecology written by and published by . This book was released on 1915 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book NASA Conference Publication written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Soil Organic Matter and its Role in Crop Production written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1973-01-01 with total page 647 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil Organic Matter and its Role in Crop Production