Download or read book Case Studies on Managing Government Compensation and Employment Institutions Policies and Reform Challenges written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-12-04 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This supplement presents country case studies reviewing country experiences with managing wage bill pressures, which are the basis for the compensation and employment reform lessons identified in the main paper. The selection of countries for the case studies reflects past studies carried out by either the IMF or the World Bank in the context of technical assistance or bilateral surveillance (Table 1). These studies provide important insights into the different sources of wage bill pressures as well as the reform challenges governments have faced when addressing these pressures over the short and medium term. The studies cover 20 countries, including five advanced economies, six countries from sub-Saharan Africa, two countries in developing Asia, one country in the Middle East and North Africa, three countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, and three countries in Central and Eastern Europe and the CIS. The structure of each case study is similar, with each study starting with a presentation of the institutional coverage and framework for setting and managing the wage bill; a description of employment and compensation levels, including their comparison with the private sector; and a discussion of the challenges that motivated the need for reforms and, when applicable, the reforms implemented and lessons derived from these.

Download or read book Managing Government Compensation and Employment Institutions Policies and Reform Challenges written by International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-08-04 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Government compensation and employment policies are important for the efficient delivery of public services which are crucial for the functioning of economies and the general prosperity of societies. On average, spending on the wage bill absorbs around one-fifth of total spending. Cross-country variation in wage spending reflects, in part, national choices about the government’s role in priority sectors, as well as variations in the level of economic development and resource constraints.

Download or read book Government Wage Bill Management and Civil Service Reform in the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union written by Mr.A. E. Wayne Mitchell and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-05-17 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study, we assess the size of the government wage bill and employment in the member countries of the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union and their implications for fiscal sustainability and the adequacy of public service delivery. Over the period 2005 to 2015 their wage bill (as a percentage of GDP, government revenues and expenditures) is higher than in other small states notwithstanding recent efforts by governments to make it more manageable. The composition and distribution of employment is sub-optimal and is reflected in skills mismatches contributing to inefficiencies in public service delivery. Using a dynamic fixed-effects panel, we find that wage bill growth reflects the expansion of government activities to speed up economic and social development and that wage bill spending is procyclical in good times but is rigid during downturns. Finally, we identify the main institutional and legal reforms needed to improve wage bill management and public service efficiency.

Download or read book Public Employment and Compensation Reform During Times of Fiscal Consolidation written by Lorenzo Forni and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-10-23 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper compiles and compares recent and past measures introduced to contain the public wage bill in a number of emerging and advanced economies to assess their effectiveness in bringing down expenditure in a sustained way. In the aftermath of the Great Recession a number of countries have approved measures on the wage bill as part of fiscal consolidation efforts. These recent episodes are compared to past cases implemented in advanced economies over the period 1979–2009. Findings suggest that public wage bill consolidation episodes pre and post 2009 are similar in many respects. Moreover, typically countries that were able to achieve more sustained reductions in the wage bill have implemented to larger extent structural measures, and/or these measures were accompanied with substantial social dialogue and consensus.

Download or read book International Monetary Fund Annual Report 2017 written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-10-05 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past financial year, the IMF’s 189 member countries faced a number of pressing challenges. IMF work on these challenges - slower trade, declining productivity, gender inequality, inclusive growth, and debt management - is a central focus of this 2017 Annual Report.

Download or read book Public Wage Bills in the Middle East and Central Asia written by Ms.Natalia T. Tamirisa and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-01-09 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analysis of policies for managing public sector wage bills in the Middle East and Central Asia region. While some work has been done recently at the Fund on issues related to government employment and compensation, to our knowledge, this is the first study to systematically examine, with a focus on the Middle East and Central Asia region, the recent trends and drivers of public wage bills in the region and to identify key policy implications.

Download or read book South Africa 2021 Article IV Consultation Press Release Staff Report and Statement by the Executive Director for South Africa written by International Monetary and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-02-11 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: South Africa’s subpar economic performance over the last decade has weakened its macroeconomic fundamentals and social indicators. In response to formidable COVID-19-related challenges, government expenditure surged, and, amid declining revenue, the budget deficit widened significantly. The South African Reserve Bank (SARB) and the Prudential Authority (PA) preserved adequate liquidity conditions and financial-sector stability. The cyclical recovery from the deep contraction has been faster than expected but its strength is unlikely to be sustained. Benign global market conditions have supported asset performance, although term premia are elevated due to fiscal risks. Bank soundness indicators remain solid, but a deepening bank-sovereign nexus raises some concerns.

Download or read book Civil service reforms in Pakistan written by Abdul Wajid Rana and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2019-11-12 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effective governance is one of the key challenges for both developing and developed countries. Governments, today, are increasingly encountering complex and cross-cutting issues such as economic and financial volatility, internal and external conflicts, growing social tensions, adverse demographic trends, climate change vulnerabilities, weak regulatory regimes, huge infrastructure and service delivery gaps, state and elite capturing and sustaining rule of law. Faced with growing criticism of ineffectiveness of state institutions undermining country’s economic, social and political development because of weakening capacity of public officials to pace up with emerging challenges, there is a renewed interest in reforming the governance and reforming the civil service.

Download or read book Burkina Faso written by International Monetary Fund. African Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-12-22 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Selected Issues paper examines the impact of scaled-up public investment in Burkina Faso. The results suggest that “big-push” investment efforts, while designed to accelerate growth, are likely to run up against significant absorption-capacity constraints. These constraints will diminish the efficiency of investment spending and result in lower public capital accumulation and productivity growth than under a more measured approach. The empirical evidence from the experience of many countries also suggests that the results of aggressive scaling-up initiatives are mixed.

Download or read book Defensive Expectations written by Liviu Voinea and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-09 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains why inflation remains subdued after recessions, based on three revolutionary concepts: defensive expectations, compensatory savings, and cumulative wage gap. When income falls, consumption falls, and savings rise, as people rebuild their past wealth. Households will not spend more until they fully recover what they lost. The revised Phillips Curve explains that current inflation depends on the cumulative difference between current income and past income. This new theory is tested and validated by data for US since 1960 to date and for 35 OECD countries from 1990 to date. A number of policy implications are derived from these results. The book calls for an optimal policy mix between monetary policy and fiscal policy; it also discusses the coronavirus crisis as an extreme case of defensive expectations.

Download or read book Government Employment and Pay A Global and Regional Perspective written by Salvatore Schiavo-Campo and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: May 1997 An honest and competent civil service is essential for public sector efficiency and economic development. As a complex institutional challenge, civil service reform is worth doing only if it is done well. But even when circumstances are not ripe for genuine reform, governments and development institutions should keep a watching brief on civil service issues - recalling that the slide of many of today's failed states began, in part, with the degradation of their civil service. Schiavo-Campo, de Tommaso, and Mukherjee try to replace myths about government pay and employment with reliable facts from a survey of international, national, and primary sources for about 100 countries in the early 1990s. The study also outlines the general nature of civil service problems in the different regions. Nevertheless, while the facts are useful to flag possible problems and initiate a dialogue, recommendations for reform must be based on country-specific analysis. Globally, government employment is negatively associated with wages, and positively with the fiscal deficit (although the availability of financing is more important) and with per capita income (confirming Wagner's Law). But the global results stem almost entirely from strong results for Africa and Latin America. Civil service reform has suffered in the past from an overemphasis on retrenchment for fiscal reasons. Its true objective, for each country, is to achieve a civil service of the size and skill-mix, incentives, professional ethos, and accountability needed to provide public goods, help formulate and enforce the rules, and intervene to remedy market failures - as these government roles happen to be defined in the country in question. Civil service reform can begin with various diagnostic and fact-finding activities. The key measures concern rightsizing, incentives, and accountability. These are all relative notions: the right size of the workforce depends on the roles assigned to government; wage adequacy depends on private compensation levels; and strengthening of accountability must define accountability for what and to whom. When retrenchment is warranted, it must be carried out with great care to avoid skill reduction, demoralization, and lower-quality service. Adequate compensation is a must, and wage compression is to be avoided. But performance bonuses, popular in some advanced countries, have been only marginally effective in improving performance in developing countries, even in the private sector. And they can be dangerous in countries with ethnic, clan, or religious conflicts. Finally, improvements in accountability will most often require greater external openness and systematic feedback from service users. This paper - a joint product of the Office of the Chief Economist and Senior Vice President, Development Economics, and Europe and Central Asia, and Middle East and North Africa Technical Department, Public Sector Management and Information Technology Team - was produced as a background paper for World Development Report 1997 on the role of the state in a changing world.

Download or read book Portugal written by International Monetary Fund. European Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-09-15 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses that the average investment growth needed for Portugal was to achieve the 2-percent and 2.5-percent real GDP growth in the medium term. It is likely that the growth rate of investment must significantly exceed the projected 4.9 percent in order to achieve the GDP growth path envisaged in the 2017 Stability Program. Specifically, per staff estimates, investment needs to grow at around 8.5 percent per year in case the TFP growth remains at -0.26 percent. The challenges confronting Portuguese banks were discussed in the 2016 Article IV staff report, which highlighted low profitability and weak asset quality as key concerns. The regulatory environment has exerted positive pressure insofar as the review of business models has now become an integral part of the supervisory agenda, especially for Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM)-supervised banks. Pursuant to the Capital Requirements Directive IV (CRD-IV), banks’ business models are considered in the Supervisory Review and Evaluation Process (SREP) performed by the supervisory authorities not only to determine capital and liquidity requirements but also to assess banks’ recovery plans.

Download or read book Fiscal Implications of Government Wage Bill Spending written by Mr.Kamil Dybczak and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-01-15 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses the short- and medium-term fiscal implications of government wage bill spending. Working with a sample of 137 advanced, emerging and low-income countries, we use a panel VAR approach to identify differences in the dynamic behavior of revenues, nonwage expenditures, and the overall fiscal balance in response to changes in the wage bill. We show that the interaction between wage bill changes and these three fiscal items is alike and varies overtime. Higher wage bill spending does not revert in the medium term, but the initial worsening of the fiscal balance associated with it, though it persists, eventually halves as revenues increase while non-wage spending remains broadly unchanged. We also show that countries differ in how these three fiscal variables behave following wage bill changes and seek to explain this variation by a set of country characteristics, including the level of development, access to natural resources and public indebtedness levels.

Download or read book Governance Resistance and the Post Colonial State written by Jonathan Murphy and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-14 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The manifestation of the colonial nation-state as a legal-bureaucratic-police structure – an exploitation tool – undermined customary modes of governance in colonies. When post-World War II independence of colonies transferred ownership of the state structure to the colonized elite, electoral and civil society politics battled for capture of this post-colonial state. Meanwhile, the state was also forced to build its legitimacy in the face of customary governance practices seeking rehabilitation and decolonization in the midst of civil wars and strife. This "state-building social movement" was further complicated with the global spread of neoliberalism and neocolonialism, and herein lies the significant difference between the post-colonial nation-state and the Western nation-states. This book fills the gap in literature and argues that it is necessary to foreground discussions of the nature of the post-colonial nation-state in examining resistance and provides a window into the dynamics of the post-colonial state and its implication in everyday organizing and resistance.

Download or read book OECD Economic Surveys Costa Rica 2018 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2018-04-17 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Costa Rica has achieved strong levels of well-being. However, many institutional obstacles are hampering more robust growth and the spreading of its gains more widely. Setting in motion a “virtuous cycle” of inclusive growth will require reforms across several policy areas that present win-win...

Download or read book Public Sector Wage Bill in Mali written by Mr. Youssouf Kiendrebeogo and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2023-07-19 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mali’s wage bill has soared to levels not seen since the early 1990s. This may cause considerable opportunity costs—limiting fiscal space and potentially adding to inflationary pressures—as well as adversely affect medium-term debt sustainability as it weighs heavily on the primary deficit. This SIP investigates the extent and drivers of the recent wage increases and their fiscal and economic consequences. It concludes that across-the board salary freezes may help wage growth moderation in the short term but are politically difficult to implement. Structural reforms to strengthen wage bill management are critical to preserving medium-term fiscal sustainability.

Download or read book New Strategies for Public Pay written by Howard Risher and published by Jossey-Bass. This book was released on 1997-05-22 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The government has acknowledged that its program of compensation and rewards is a roadblock in its movements to reinvent government operations. In its report, From Red Tape to Results: Creating a Government That Works Better and Costs Less, the National Performance Review recommends that government agencies design their own compensation programs to help improve operations. In New Strategies for Public Pay, leading experts examine current civil service compensation systems; analyze proposals for reform; discuss issues of equity and fairness, merit pay, collective bargaining, labor market influences, and more; and offer viable compensation alternatives, which have proven to work in private industry, to current government pay systems.