Download or read book Case Studies in Experimental Physics written by Ronald Laymon and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-09-24 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the pursuit and further investigation of experimental results by analyzing classic examples from physics. The authors concentrate on the investigation of experimental results by examining case studies from the history of 20th and 21st century physics. Discussions on the discovery of parity nonconservation, the rise and fall of the Fifth Force, the search for neutrinoless double β decay, supersymmetry and the expansion of the Standard Model, and measurements of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muons are provided. Experimental results may achieve acceptance to the point that even well known principles, such as conservation of energy and quantization, lose their status as accepted. Such principles and their options are treated on an equal footing as being pursuit worthy even though there is no plausible explanation as to why and how they might have failed.
Download or read book Case Studies in Forensic Physics written by Gregory A. DiLisi and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2020-07-28 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on a forensics-style re-examination of several historical events. The purpose of these studies is to afford readers the opportunity to apply basic principles of physics to unsolved mysteries and controversial events in order to settle the historical debate. We identify nine advantages of using case studies as a pedagogical approach to understanding forensic physics. Each of these nine advantages is the focus of a chapter of this book. Within each chapter, we show how a cascade of unlikely events resulted in an unpredictable catastrophe and use introductory-level physics to analyze the outcome. Armed with the tools of a good forensic physicist, the reader will realize that the historical record is far from being a set of agreed upon immutable facts; instead, it is a living, changing thing that is open to re-visitation, re-examination, and re-interpretation.
Download or read book How Experiments End written by Peter Louis Galison and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Case Studies in Atomic Physics written by E. W. McDaniel and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Case Studies in Atomic Physics III focuses on case studies on atomic and molecular physics, including atomic collisions, transport properties of electrons, ions, molecules, and photons, interaction potentials, spectroscopy, and surface phenomena. The selection first discusses detailed balancing in the time-dependent impact parameter method, as well as time-reversal in the impact parameter method and coupled state approximation. The text also examines the mechanisms of electron production in ion. Topics include measurement of doubly differential cross sections and electron spectra, direct Coulomb ionization, autoionization and Auger effect, charge transfer to continuum states, and electron promotion. The book takes a look at the production of inner-shell vacancies in heavy ion-atom collisions and hyperfine and Zeeman studies of metastable atomic states by atomic-beam magnetic-resonance. Topics include molecular orbital model, experimental considerations, and theoretical considerations and interpretation of experimental results. The manuscript also evaluates the coupled integral-equation approach to nonrelativistic three-body systems with applications to atomic problems, including kinematic theory of three-body system, reduction of the coupled equations, and application to atomic problems. The selection is a dependable reference for readers interested in atomic and molecular physics.
Download or read book The Pendulum written by Gregory L. Baker and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2008-11-28 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pendulum: a case study in physics is a unique book in several ways. Firstly, it is a comprehensive quantitative study of one physical system, the pendulum, from the viewpoint of elementary and more advanced classical physics, modern chaotic dynamics, and quantum mechanics. In addition, coupled pendulums and pendulum analogs of superconducting devices are also discussed. Secondly, this book treats the physics of the pendulum within a historical and cultural context, showing, for example, that the pendulum has been intimately connected with studies of the earth's density, the earth's motion, and timekeeping. While primarily a physics book, the work provides significant added interest through the use of relevant cultural and historical vignettes. This approach offers an alternative to the usual modern physics courses. The text is amply illustrated and augmented by exercises at the end of each chapter.
Download or read book Case Studies in Atomic Collision Physics written by E. W. McDaniel and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-11 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Case Studies in Atomic Collision Physics II focuses on studies on the role of atomic collision processes in astrophysical plasmas, including ionic recombination, electron transport, and position scattering. The book first discusses three-body recombination of positive and negative ions, as well as introduction to ionic recombination, calculation of the recombination coefficient, ions recombining in their parent gas, and three-body recombination at moderate and high gas-densities. The manuscript also takes a look at precision measurements of electron transport coefficients and differential cross sections in electron impact ionization. The publication examines the interpretation of spectral intensities from laboratory and astrophysical plasmas, atomic processes in astrophysical plasmas, and polarized orbital approximations. Discussions focus on collision rate experiments, line spectrum, collisional excitation and ionization, polarized target wave function, and application to positron scattering and annihilation. The text also ponders on cross sections and electron affinities and the role of metastable particles in collision processes. The selection is a valuable source of data for physicists and readers interested in atomic collision.
Download or read book Can that be Right written by A. Franklin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this collection of essays Allan Franklin defends the view that science provides us with knowledge about the world which is based on experimental evidence and on reasoned and critical discussion. In short, he argues that science is a reasonable enterprise. He begins with detailed studies of four episodes from the history of modern physics: (1) the early attempts to detect gravity waves, (2) how the physics community decided that a proposed new elementary particle, 17-keV neutrino, did not exist, (3) a sequence of experiments on K meson decay, and (4) the origins of the Fifth Force hypothesis, a proposed modification of Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation. The case studies are then used to examine issues such as how discord between experimental results is resolved, calibration of an experimental apparatus and its legitimate use in validating an experimental result, and how experimental results provide reasonable grounds for belief in both the truth of physical theories and in the existence of the entities involved in those theories. This book is a challenge to the critics of science, both postmodern and constructivist, to provide convincing alternative explanations of the episodes and issues discussed. It should be of interest to philosophers, historians, and sociologists of science, and to scientists themselves.
Download or read book Case Studies in Atomic Physics 4 written by E McDaniel and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Case Studies in Atomic Physics IV presents a collection of six case studies in atomic physics. The first study deals with the correspondence identities associated with the Coulomb potential: the Rutherford scattering identity, the Bohr-Sommerfeld identity, and the Fock identity. The second paper reviews advances in recombination. This is followed by a three-part study on relativistic self-consistent field (SCF) calculations. The first part considers relativistic SCF calculations in general, and in particular discusses different configurational averaging techniques and various statistical exchange approximations. The second part reviews the relativistic theory of hyperfine structure. The third part makes a number of comparisons between experimental results and values obtained in different SCF schemes, with exact as well as approximate exchange. The next case study on pseudopotentials compares the results of model potential and pseudopotential calculations. The final study reviews, on a kinetic basis, the behavior of low density ion swarms in a neutral gas.
Download or read book Case Studies in Forensic Physics written by Gregory A. DiLisi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on a forensics-style re-examination of several historical events. The purpose of these studies is to afford readers the opportunity to apply basic principles of physics to unsolved mysteries and controversial events in order to settle the historical debate. We identify nine advantages of using case studies as a pedagogical approach to understanding forensic physics. Each of these nine advantages is the focus of a chapter of this book. Within each chapter, we show how a cascade of unlikely events resulted in an unpredictable catastrophe and use introductory-level physics to analyze the outcome. Armed with the tools of a good forensic physicist, the reader will realize that the historical record is far from being a set of agreed upon immutable facts; instead, it is a living, changing thing that is open to re-visitation, re-examination, and re-interpretation.
Download or read book The Uses of Experiment written by David Gooding and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1989-05-18 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experiment is widely regarded as the most distinctive feature of natural science and essential to the way scientists find out about the world. Yet there has been little study of the way scientists actually make and use experiments. The Uses of Experiment fills this gap in our knowledge about how science is practised. Presenting 14 original case studies of important and often famous experiments, the book asks the questions: What tools do experimenters use? How do scientists argue from experiments? What happens when an experiment is challenged? How do scientists check that their experiments are working? Are there differences between experiments in the physical sciences and technology? Leading scholars in the fields of history, sociology and philosophy of science consider topics such as the interaction of experiment; instruments and theory; accuracy and reliability as hallmarks of experiment in science and technology; realising new phenomena; the believability of experiments and the sort of knowledge they produce; and the wider contexts on which experimentalists draw to develop and win support for their work. Drawing on examples as diverse as Galilean mechanics, Victorian experiments on electricity, experiments on cloud formation, and testing of nuclear missiles, a new view of experiment emerges. This view emphasises that experiments always involve choice, tactics and strategy in persuading audiences that Nature resembles the picture experimenters create.
Download or read book Scientific Practice written by Jed Z. Buchwald and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1995-11 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most recent work on the nature of experiment in physics has focused on "big science"—the large-scale research addressed in Andrew Pickering's Constructing Quarks and Peter Galison's How Experiments End. This book examines small-scale experiment in physics, in particular the relation between theory and practice. The contributors focus on interactions among the people, materials, and ideas involved in experiments—factors that have been relatively neglected in science studies. The first half of the book is primarily philosophical, with contributions from Andrew Pickering, Peter Galison, Hans Radder, Brian Baigrie, and Yves Gingras. Among the issues they address are the resources deployed by theoreticians and experimenters, the boundaries that constrain theory and practice, the limits of objectivity, the reproducibility of results, and the intentions of researchers. The second half is devoted to historical case studies in the practice of physics from the early nineteenth to the early twentieth century. These chapters address failed as well as successful experimental work ranging from Victorian astronomy through Hertz's investigation of cathode rays to Trouton's attempt to harness the ether. Contributors to this section are Jed Z. Buchwald, Giora Hon, Margaret Morrison, Simon Schaffer, and Andrew Warwick. With a lucid introduction by Ian Hacking, and original articles by noted scholars in the history and philosophy of science, this book is poised to become a significant source on the nature of small-scale experiment in physics.
Download or read book The Pendulum written by Gregory L. Baker and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005-06-02 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Pendulum: A Case Study in Physics" describes one physical system - the pendulum - and its manifestations in classical and modern physics. While being a technical work, this remarkable study is set within the context of the technological, historical, and cultural developments to which the pendulum has contributed.
Download or read book Selectivity And Discord written by Allan Franklin and published by University of Pittsburgh Press. This book was released on 2002-11-17 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Selectivity and Discord addresses the fundamental question of whether there are grounds for belief in experimental results. Specifically, Allan Franklin is concerned with two problems in the use of experimental results in science: selectivity of data or analysis procedures and the resolution of discordant results.By means of detailed case studies of episodes from the history of modern physics, Franklin shows how these problems can be—and are—solved in the normal practice of science and, therefore, that experimental results may be legitimately used as a basis for scientific knowledge.
Download or read book Epistemology of Experimental Physics written by Nora Mills Boyd and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-12-02 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Element introduces major issues in the epistemology of experimental physics through discussion of canonical physics experiments and some that have not yet received much philosophical attention. The primary challenge is to make sense of how physicists justify crucial decisions made in the course of empirical research. Judging a result as epistemically significant or as calling for further technical scrutiny of the equipment is one important context of such decisions. Judging whether the instrument has been calibrated, and which data should be included in the analysis are others. To what extent is it possible to offer philosophical analysis, systematization, and prescriptions regarding such decisions? To what extent can there be explicit epistemic justification for them? The primary aim of this Element is to show how a nuanced understanding of science in practice informs an epistemology of experimental physics that avoids strong social constructivism.
Download or read book Experimental Physics written by Walter F. Smith and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-03-18 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook provides the knowledge and skills needed for thorough understanding of the most important methods and ways of thinking in experimental physics. The reader learns to design, assemble, and debug apparatus, to use it to take meaningful data, and to think carefully about the story told by the data. Key Features: Efficiently helps students grow into independent experimentalists through a combination of structured yet thought-provoking and challenging exercises, student-designed experiments, and guided but open-ended exploration. Provides solid coverage of fundamental background information, explained clearly for undergraduates, such as ground loops, optical alignment techniques, scientific communication, and data acquisition using LabVIEW, Python, or Arduino. Features carefully designed lab experiences to teach fundamentals, including analog electronics and low noise measurements, digital electronics, microcontrollers, FPGAs, computer interfacing, optics, vacuum techniques, and particle detection methods. Offers a broad range of advanced experiments for each major area of physics, from condensed matter to particle physics. Also provides clear guidance for student development of projects not included here. Provides a detailed Instructor’s Manual for every lab, so that the instructor can confidently teach labs outside their own research area.
Download or read book Changing Tools written by Márta Fehér and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Outside the Research Lab Volume 3 written by Sharon Ann Holgate and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2019-07-23 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Outside the Research Lab series is a testament to the fact that the physics taught to high school and university students IS used in the real world. This book explores the physics and technology inherent to a selection of sports which have caught the author's attention and fascination over the years. Outside the Research Lab, Volume 3 is a path to discovering how less commonly watched sports use physics to optimize performance, diagnose injuries, and increase access to more competitors. It covers Olympic and Paralympic fencing, show jumping horses, and arguably the most brutal of motorsports - drag racing. Stunning images throughout the book and clear, understandable writing are supplemented by offset detail boxes which take the physics concepts to higher levels. Outside the Research Lab, Volume 3 is both for the general interest reader and students in STEM. Lecturers in university physics, materials science, engineering and other sciences will find this an excellent basis for teaching undergraduate students the range of applications for the physics they are learning. There is a vast range of different areas that require expertise in physics...this third volume of Outside the Research Lab shows a few with great detail provided by professionals doing the work.
