Download or read book Cascading Failures in Power Grids written by Kai Sun and published by Springer. This book was released on 2024-02-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cascading failures as long chains of events and outages are threats to reliable operations of power grids and can lead to catastrophic blackouts with tremendous losses if not understood, prevented, or mitigated sufficiently. This book provides an in-depth and comprehensive presentation of emerging methods for risk assessment, modeling, and simulation of cascading failures in power grids. The methods are all supported by theories and experimental tests using realistic power grid models and data, and the contributors to this volume are leading scholars in the field. Specific topics covered include an introduction to cascading failures, probabilistic analytics of utility outage data and risks, quantitative influence and interaction models to understand and mitigate failure propagation, simulation of cascading failures using models of multiple time scales, and industrial criteria and practices against cascading failures. Cascading Failures in Power Grids: Risk Assessment, Modeling, and Simulation will provide comprehensive and in-depth coverage of state-of-the-art methods for all readers interested in cascading failures and will inspire researchers and engineers to develop emerging and practical tools in the future.
Download or read book Power System Control Under Cascading Failures written by Kai Sun and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-01-29 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers a comprehensive introduction to the issues of control of power systems during cascading outages and restoration process Power System Control Under Cascading Failures offers comprehensive coverage of three major topics related to prevention of cascading power outages in a power transmission grid: modelling and analysis, system separation and power system restoration. The book examines modelling and analysis of cascading failures for reliable and efficient simulation and better understanding of important mechanisms, root causes and propagation patterns of failures and power outages. Second, it covers controlled system separation to mitigate cascading failures addressing key questions such as where, when and how to separate. Third, the text explores optimal system restoration from cascading power outages and blackouts by well-designed milestones, optimised procedures and emerging techniques. The authors — noted experts in the field — include state-of-the-art methods that are illustrated in detail as well as practical examples that show how to use them to address realistic problems and improve current practices. This important resource: Contains comprehensive coverage of a focused area of cascading power system outages, addressing modelling and analysis, system separation and power system restoration Offers a description of theoretical models to analyse outages, methods to identify control actions to prevent propagation of outages and restore the system Suggests state-of-the-art methods that are illustrated in detail with hands-on examples that address realistic problems to help improve current practices Includes companion website with samples, codes and examples to support the text Written for postgraduate students, researchers, specialists, planners and operation engineers from industry, Power System Control Under Cascading Failures contains a review of a focused area of cascading power system outages, addresses modelling and analysis, system separation, and power system restoration.
Download or read book Cascading Failures in Power Grids written by Huaiwei Liao and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Statistical Analysis of Cascading Failures in Power Grids written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We introduce a new microscopic model of cascading failures in transmission power grids. This model accounts for automatic response of the grid to load fluctuations that take place on the scale of minutes, when optimum power flow adjustments and load shedding controls are unavailable. We describe extreme events, caused by load fluctuations, which cause cascading failures of loads, generators and lines. Our model is quasi-static in the causal, discrete time and sequential resolution of individual failures. The model, in its simplest realization based on the Directed Current description of the power flow problem, is tested on three standard IEEE systems consisting of 30, 39 and 118 buses. Our statistical analysis suggests a straightforward classification of cascading and islanding phases in terms of the ratios between average number of removed loads, generators and links. The analysis also demonstrates sensitivity to variations in line capacities. Future research challenges in modeling and control of cascading outages over real-world power networks are discussed.
Download or read book Optimizing the Study of Cascading Failures in Synthetic Electrical Grids written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this project is to produce accurate and rapid simulations of cascading failures in order to study how they behave and the properties of the electrical networks that cause them.... Many people studying failures in power grids use a direct current power flow model1,3. For the purposes of our research we will be utilizing a similar DC power flow model which is equivalent to the flows in a resistor network1,3. This allows us to utilize Kirchhoff’s Equations to solve the flow of the network at any point during a failure..., However, in actuality it is very difficult to study the properties of electrical networks and the cascading failures that occur within them because there is very little publicly available data on electrical networks6,7,8. This is due to the fact that by releasing the structure of an electrical grid, the vulnerabilities of the grid would also be revealed6,7,8. Therefore, this project will focus not on real world data, but will utilize a data set produced by researchers at Columbia University that resembles a synthetic electrical grid6,7,8,9...... The rest of the paper is organized as follows. In Section II we describe the synthetic power grid and perform some simple data exploration on the grid itself. Then in Section III we will discuss our initial goals and methods for creating fast simulations of cascading failures in the power grid. Finally, in Section IV we will discuss and summarize our results.
Download or read book Electrical Transmission System Cascades and Vulnerability written by Daniel Bienstock and published by SIAM. This book was released on 2016-12-14 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The power grid can be considered one of twentieth-century engineering?s greatest achievements, and as grids and populations grow, robustness is a factor that planners must take into account. Power grid robustness is a complex problem for two reasons: the underlying physics is mathematically complex, and modeling is complicated by lack of accurate data. This book sheds light on this complex problem by introducing the engineering details of power grid operations from the basic to the detailed; describing how to use optimization and stochastic modeling, with special focus on the modeling of cascading failures and robustness; providing numerical examples that show ?how things work?; and detailing the application of a number of optimization theories to power grids.?
Download or read book 2020 Chinese Control and Decision Conference CCDC written by IEEE Staff and published by . This book was released on 2020-08-22 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chinese Control and Decision Conference is an annual international conference to create a forum for scientists, engineers and practitioners throughout the world to present the latest advancement in Control, Decision, Automation, Robotics and Emerging Technologies
Download or read book Power Grid Complexity written by Shengwei Mei and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-09-15 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Power Grid Complexity” introduces the complex system theory known as self-organized criticality (SOC) theory and complex network theory, and their applications to power systems. It studies the network characteristics of power systems, such as their small-world properties, structural vulnerability, decomposition and coordination strategies, and simplification and equivalence methods. The book also establishes four blackout models based on SOC theory through which the SOC of power systems is studied at both the macroscopic and microscopic levels. Additionally, applications of complex system theory in power system planning and emergency management platforms are also discussed in depth. This book can serve as a useful reference for engineers and researchers working with power systems. Shengwei Mei is a Professor at the Department of Electrical Engineering at Tsinghua University, China. Xuemin Zhang is a Lecturer at the Department of Electrical Engineering at Tsinghua University, China. Ming Cao is an Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands.
Download or read book Terrorism and the Electric Power Delivery System written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-11-25 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The electric power delivery system that carries electricity from large central generators to customers could be severely damaged by a small number of well-informed attackers. The system is inherently vulnerable because transmission lines may span hundreds of miles, and many key facilities are unguarded. This vulnerability is exacerbated by the fact that the power grid, most of which was originally designed to meet the needs of individual vertically integrated utilities, is being used to move power between regions to support the needs of competitive markets for power generation. Primarily because of ambiguities introduced as a result of recent restricting the of the industry and cost pressures from consumers and regulators, investment to strengthen and upgrade the grid has lagged, with the result that many parts of the bulk high-voltage system are heavily stressed. Electric systems are not designed to withstand or quickly recover from damage inflicted simultaneously on multiple components. Such an attack could be carried out by knowledgeable attackers with little risk of detection or interdiction. Further well-planned and coordinated attacks by terrorists could leave the electric power system in a large region of the country at least partially disabled for a very long time. Although there are many examples of terrorist and military attacks on power systems elsewhere in the world, at the time of this study international terrorists have shown limited interest in attacking the U.S. power grid. However, that should not be a basis for complacency. Because all parts of the economy, as well as human health and welfare, depend on electricity, the results could be devastating. Terrorism and the Electric Power Delivery System focuses on measures that could make the power delivery system less vulnerable to attacks, restore power faster after an attack, and make critical services less vulnerable while the delivery of conventional electric power has been disrupted.
Download or read book Enhancing the Resilience of the Nation s Electricity System written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-10-25 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Americans' safety, productivity, comfort, and convenience depend on the reliable supply of electric power. The electric power system is a complex "cyber-physical" system composed of a network of millions of components spread out across the continent. These components are owned, operated, and regulated by thousands of different entities. Power system operators work hard to assure safe and reliable service, but large outages occasionally happen. Given the nature of the system, there is simply no way that outages can be completely avoided, no matter how much time and money is devoted to such an effort. The system's reliability and resilience can be improved but never made perfect. Thus, system owners, operators, and regulators must prioritize their investments based on potential benefits. Enhancing the Resilience of the Nation's Electricity System focuses on identifying, developing, and implementing strategies to increase the power system's resilience in the face of events that can cause large-area, long-duration outages: blackouts that extend over multiple service areas and last several days or longer. Resilience is not just about lessening the likelihood that these outages will occur. It is also about limiting the scope and impact of outages when they do occur, restoring power rapidly afterwards, and learning from these experiences to better deal with events in the future.
Download or read book Modeling and Mitigating Cascading Failures in Interdependent Power Grids and Communication Networks written by Marzieh Parandehgheibi and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many of today’s critical infrastructures are organized in the form of networks, which are dependent on one another. A particular example is the power grid and the communication network used to control the grid. While this dependence is beneficial during normal operation, as it allows for more efficient operation, it can be harmful when the networks are under stress. Indeed, in such interdependent network infrastructures, a cascade of failures may occur where power failures can lead to communication failures, which, in turn, lead to cascading power failures. Therefore, it is necessary to develop proper models and analytical tools to asses the robustness of interdependent networks to failures. In this thesis, we develop such models with emphasis on interdependent power grids and communication networks. Initially, we focus on the abstract modeling of interdependent networks. In particular, we propose a new model for interdependent networks with known topologies, define and analyze metrics for assessing the robustness of such networks to cascading failures, and propose algorithms for robust design of interdependent networks. Next, we focus on the interactions between power grids and communication and control networks. We model the cascading failures in the power grid using the power flow equations, and use the communication network to implement a control policy in the power grid which mitigates cascading failures in interdependent networks. Using this model, we show that the interdependent power grids are more robust than isolated ones. Finally, we model the impact of communication loss on the performance of power grids under two different control scenarios. The first one is the emergency control mechanism where failures in the power grid should be monitored and mitigated by the control center. In this case, we investigate the impact of simultaneous communication failures on the performance of such control mechanisms. In particular, we propose new emergency control schemes for partial communication networks, and investigate the network parameters that are most effective in causing the cascade of failures from communication networks to the power grid. The second control mechanism is distributed frequency control in power grids. We show that the optimal solution will not be achieved under communication link failures. We propose a novel control mechanism that uses the power dynamics instead of direct information from the communication network, and show that it achieves the optimal solution and is globally asymptotically stable. We also analyze the impact of discrete-time communication on the performance of distributed frequency control. We show that the convergence time increases as the time interval between two messages increases, and propose a new algorithm that uses the dynamics of the power grid to decrease the convergence time.
Download or read book Exploring the Cascading Failure of Power Grids by Network Efficiency written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Power Grid written by Brian D’Andrade and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-03-03 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Power Grid: Smart, Secure, Green and Reliable offers a diverse look at the traditional engineering and physics aspects of power systems, also examining the issues affecting clean power generation, power distribution, and the new security issues that could potentially affect the availability and reliability of the grid. The book looks at growth in new loads that are consuming over 1% of all the electrical power produced, and how combining those load issues of getting power to the regions experiencing growth in energy demand can be addressed. In addition, it considers the policy issues surrounding transmission line approval by regulators. With truly multidisciplinary content, including failure analysis of various systems, photovoltaic, wind power, quality issues with clean power, high-voltage DC transmission, electromagnetic radiation, electromagnetic interference, privacy concerns, and data security, this reference is relevant to anyone interested in the broad area of power grid stability. Discusses state–of-the-art trends and issues in power grid reliability Offers guidance on purchasing or investing in new technologies Includes a technical document relevant to public policy that can help all stakeholders understand the technical issues facing a green, secure power grid
Download or read book Computer Safety Reliability and Security written by Francesca Saglietti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-12 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security, SAFECOMP 2007. The 33 revised full papers and 16 short papers are organized in topical sections on safety cases, impact of security on safety, fault tree analysis, safety analysis, security aspects, verification and validation, platform reliability, reliability evaluation, formal methods, static code analysis, safety-related architectures.
Download or read book Proceedings of ELM2019 written by Jiuwen Cao and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-11 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains some selected papers from the International Conference on Extreme Learning Machine 2019, which was held in Yangzhou, China, December 14–16, 2019. Extreme Learning Machines (ELMs) aim to enable pervasive learning and pervasive intelligence. As advocated by ELM theories, it is exciting to see the convergence of machine learning and biological learning from the long-term point of view. ELM may be one of the fundamental ‘learning particles’ filling the gaps between machine learning and biological learning (of which activation functions are even unknown). ELM represents a suite of (machine and biological) learning techniques in which hidden neurons need not be tuned: inherited from their ancestors or randomly generated. ELM learning theories show that effective learning algorithms can be derived based on randomly generated hidden neurons (biological neurons, artificial neurons, wavelets, Fourier series, etc) as long as they are nonlinear piecewise continuous, independent of training data and application environments. Increasingly, evidence from neuroscience suggests that similar principles apply in biological learning systems. ELM theories and algorithms argue that “random hidden neurons” capture an essential aspect of biological learning mechanisms as well as the intuitive sense that the efficiency of biological learning need not rely on computing power of neurons. ELM theories thus hint at possible reasons why the brain is more intelligent and effective than current computers. The main theme of ELM2019 is Hierarchical ELM, AI for IoT, Synergy of Machine Learning and Biological Learning. This conference provides a forum for academics, researchers and engineers to share and exchange R&D experience on both theoretical studies and practical applications of the ELM technique and brain learning. This book covers theories, algorithms and applications of ELM. It gives readers a glance of the most recent advances of ELM.
Download or read book Transient Chaos written by Ying-Cheng Lai and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-26 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this Book is to give an overview, based on the results of nearly three decades of intensive research, of transient chaos. One belief that motivates us to write this book is that, transient chaos may not have been appreciated even within the nonlinear-science community, let alone other scientific disciplines.
Download or read book Topological Analysis and Mitigation Strategies for Cascading Failures in Power Grid Networks written by Sakshi Pahwa and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent times, research in the field of complex networks has advanced by leaps and bounds. Researchers have developed mathematical models for different networks such as epidemic networks, computer networks, power grid networks, and so on. In this thesis, the power grid has been modeled as a complex network. The power grid is being used extensively in every field today. Our dependence on the power grid has exceeded to an extent that we cannot think of survival without electricity. Recently, there has been an increasing concern about the growing possibility of cascading failures, due to the fact that the power grid is works close to full utilization. Furthermore, the problem will be exacerbated by the need to transfer a large amount of power generated by renewable sources from the regions where it is produced to the regions where it is consumed. Many researchers have studied these networks to find a solution to the problem of network robustness. Topological analysis may be considered as one of the components of analysis of a system's robustness. In the first part of this thesis, to study the cascading effect on power grid networks from a topological standpoint, we developed a simulator and used the IEEE standard networks for our analysis. The cascading effect was simulated on three standard networks, the IEEE 300 bus system, the IEEE 118 bus test system, and the WSCC 179 bus equivalent model. To extend our analysis to a larger set of networks with different topologies, we developed a first approximation network generator the creates networks with characteristics similar to the standard networks but with different topologies. The generated networks were then compared with the standard networks to show the effect of topology on the robustness of power grid networks. A comparison of the network metrics for the standard and the generated networks indicate that the generated networks are more robust than the standard ones. However, even if the generated topologies show an increased robustness with respect to the standard topologies, the real implementation and design of power grids based on those topologies requires further study, and will be considered as future work. In the second part of this thesis, we studied two mitigation strategies based on load reduction, Homogeneous load reduction and Targeted range-based load reduction. While the generic Homogeneous strategy will only mitigate the severity of the cascade when a non-negligible load reduction is performed, our newly proposed targeted load reduction strategy is much more efficient, reducing the load only in a small portion of the grid. The determination of this special portion of the grid is based on an algorithm, which finds the paths supplying power from the generators to the nodes. This algorithm is described in details in the Appendix B. While the Homogeneous strategy is easier to implement, efficient results can be obtained using the targeted strategy.
