Download or read book CARICATURES OF ATATURK written by Hasan YAVUZCAN and published by Iau Publishing. This book was released on 2016-06-30 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mustafa Kemal AtatUrk (pronounced [mustA fA ce mAl A tA ty c]; 19 May 1881 (conventional) - 10 November 1938) was a Turkish army officer, revolutionary, and the first President of Turkey. He is credited with being the founder of the Republic of Turkey. His surname, AtatUrk (meaning "Father of the Turks"), was granted to him in 1934 and forbidden to any other person by the Turkish parliament. AtatUrk was a military officer during World War I. Following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I, he led the Turkish National Movement in the Turkish War of Independence. Having established a provisional government in Ankara, he defeated the forces sent by the Allies, eventually leading to victory in the Turkish War of Independence. AtatUrk then embarked upon a program of political, economic, and cultural reforms, seeking to transform the former Ottoman Empire into a modern and secular nation-state. Under his leadership, thousands of new schools were built, primary education was made free and compulsory, and women were given equal civil and political rights, while the burden of taxation on peasants was reduced. His government also carried out an extensive policy of Turkification. The principles of AtatUrk's reforms, upon which modern Turkey was established, are referred to as Kemalism. "
Download or read book Mustafa Kemal Atat rk and the Republic of Turkey written by Charles River Editors and published by . This book was released on 2019-12-28 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: *Includes pictures *Includes a bibliography for further reading "In human life, you will find players of religion until the knowledge and proficiency in religion will be cleansed from all superstitions, and will be purified and perfected by the enlightenment of real science." - Mustafa Kemal Atatürk The long agony of the "sick man of Europe," an expression used by the Tsar of Russia to depict the falling Ottoman Empire, could almost blind people to its incredible power and history. Preserving its mixed heritage, coming from both its geographic position rising above the ashes of the Byzantine Empire and the tradition inherited from the Muslim Conquests, the Ottoman Empire lasted more than six centuries. Its soldiers fought, died, and conquered lands on three different continents, making it one of the few stable multi-ethnic empires in history, and likely one of the last. Thus, it's somewhat inevitable that the history of its decline is at the heart of complex geopolitical disputes, as well as sectarian tensions that are still key to understanding the Middle East, North Africa and the Balkans. Despite it all, the Ottoman Empire would survive for over 200 more years, and in the last century of its life it strove to reform its military, administration and economy until it was finally dissolved. Years before the final collapse of the Empire, the Tanzimat ("Reorganization"), a period of swiping reforms, led to significant changes in the country's military apparatus, among others, which certainly explains the initial success the Ottoman Empire was able to achieve against its rivals. Similarly, the drafting of a new Constitution (Kanûn-u Esâsî, basic law) in 1876, despite it being shot down by Sultan Abdul Hamid II just two years later, as well as its revival by the "Young Turks" movement in 1908, highlights the understanding among Ottoman elites that change was needed, and their belief that such change was possible. The fall of the Ottoman Empire set the political and geostrategic scene of the new Middle East. In 1920, two years after the end of the war, the region was already experiencing growing instability. The issues and trends that would plague the region until today were growing. On April 4, Arab riots broke out in Jerusalem, fueled by the growing hostility against the Zionist movement. The British passivity would convince one of the Jewish leaders, Vladimir Jabotinsky (the future founder of the Israeli right-wing), of the strategic necessity of a strong Jewish military as the core of the future state. Just two weeks later in Turkey, the Grand National Assembly in Ankara set the foundation of the Turkish state, opening the way for several years of reforms. In Iraq, a Shiite revolt broke out in the south, as locals demanded the creation of an Islamic state. The British compromise was to place Faisal, the son of Sharif Hussein and a Sunni, on the throne. His father, meanwhile, was embroiled in a conflict with a local tribe, the Ibn Saud, that sought to carve a new kingdom in the Arabian Peninsula. More broadly, the long decline of the "sick man of Europe" fostered the emergence of nationalistic and ideological movements that are still key to any understanding of the Middle East today. The compatibility between the Islamic religion and culture and Western reforms were first discussed within the Ottoman Empire, and they are still up for debate today. Abdul Hamid's pan-Islamism, while its results at the time remain limited, still resonates within the Muslim world and can still be seen as a viable rival to the region's various nationalistic aspirations. This book examines how the empire collapsed and was replaced by modern Turkey. Along with pictures of important people and events, you will learn about Atatürk and the founding of Turkey like never before.
Download or read book The Turkey of Atat rk written by Donald Everett Webster and published by . This book was released on 1939 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawings and text instruct in building sandcastles like the real stone and mortar ones of long ago. Includes descriptions of castle life and explains the roles of such people as the master of hounds, scribe, and page.
Download or read book Gray Wolf written by H. C. Armstrong and published by Pickle Partners Publishing. This book was released on 2017-06-28 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MUSTAPHA KEMAL ATATURK, the great Turkish dictator, is a figure of great significance to the modern world. He did in Turkey what, in effect, Nasser and the other present-day “strong men” are trying to do in their countries, and he is their model and ideal. In fact, Nasser said of this book specifically “This has been the most important book in my life.” Besides being of great historical importance, this book, first published in 1933, is also a fascinating study of an extremely complex and controversial figure, in which an iron self-discipline and a sudden capacity for self-abandonment existed side by side and indeed reinforced each other. Richly illustrated with maps and drawings. “This has been the most important book in my life”—Gamal Abdel Nasser
Download or read book Atat rk The Founder of Turkey With illustrations including portraits written by E. Sezai BOZDOGAN and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atat rk in the Nazi Imagination written by Stefan Ihrig and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2014-11-20 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early in his career, Adolf Hitler took inspiration from Benito Mussolini, his senior colleague in fascism—this fact is widely known. But an equally important role model for Hitler and the Nazis has been almost entirely neglected: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of modern Turkey. Stefan Ihrig’s compelling presentation of this untold story promises to rewrite our understanding of the roots of Nazi ideology and strategy. Hitler was deeply interested in Turkish affairs after 1919. He not only admired but also sought to imitate Atatürk’s radical construction of a new nation from the ashes of defeat in World War I. Hitler and the Nazis watched closely as Atatürk defied the Western powers to seize government, and they modeled the Munich Putsch to a large degree on Atatürk’s rebellion in Ankara. Hitler later remarked that in the political aftermath of the Great War, Atatürk was his master, he and Mussolini his students. This was no fading fascination. As the Nazis struggled through the 1920s, Atatürk remained Hitler’s “star in the darkness,” his inspiration for remaking Germany along nationalist, secular, totalitarian, and ethnically exclusive lines. Nor did it escape Hitler’s notice how ruthlessly Turkish governments had dealt with Armenian and Greek minorities, whom influential Nazis directly compared with German Jews. The New Turkey, or at least those aspects of it that the Nazis chose to see, became a model for Hitler’s plans and dreams in the years leading up to the invasion of Poland.
Download or read book Nostalgia for the Modern written by Esra Özyürek and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2006-08-30 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the twentieth century drew to a close, the unity and authority of the secularist Turkish state were challenged by the rise of political Islam and Kurdish separatism on the one hand and by the increasing demands of the European Union, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank on the other. While the Turkish government had long limited Islam—the religion of the overwhelming majority of its citizens—to the private sphere, it burst into the public arena in the late 1990s, becoming part of party politics. As religion became political, symbols of Kemalism—the official ideology of the Turkish Republic founded by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in 1923—spread throughout the private sphere. In Nostalgia for the Modern, Esra Özyürek analyzes the ways that Turkish citizens began to express an attachment to—and nostalgia for—the secularist, modernist, and nationalist foundations of the Turkish Republic. Drawing on her ethnographic research in Istanbul and Ankara during the late 1990s, Özyürek describes how ordinary Turkish citizens demonstrated their affinity for Kemalism in the ways they organized their domestic space, decorated their walls, told their life stories, and interpreted political developments. She examines the recent interest in the private lives of the founding generation of the Republic, reflects on several privately organized museum exhibits about the early Republic, and considers the proliferation in homes and businesses of pictures of Atatürk, the most potent symbol of the secular Turkish state. She also explores the organization of the 1998 celebrations marking the Republic’s seventy-fifth anniversary. Özyürek’s insights into how state ideologies spread through private and personal realms of life have implications for all societies confronting the simultaneous rise of neoliberalism and politicized religion.
Download or read book Quotations from Mustafa Kemal Atat rk written by Kemal Atatürk and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Political Leadership Nations and Charisma written by Vivian Ibrahim and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-03-29 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This ground-breaking and innovative book examines the influence of charisma on power, authority and nationalism. The authors both apply and challenge Max Weber’s concept of ‘charisma’ and integrate it into a broader discussion of other theoretical models. Using an interdisciplinary approach, leading international scholars draw on a diverse range of cases to analyse charisma in benign and malignant leaderships, as well as the relationship between the cult of the leader, the adulation of the masses and the extension of individual authority beyond sheer power. They discuss idiosyncratic authority and oratory, and they address how political, social and regional variations help explain concepts and policies which helped forge and reformulate nations, national identities and movements. The chapters on particular charismatic leaders cover Abraham Lincoln, Kemal Atatürk, Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Gamal Nasser, Jörg Haider and Nelson Mandela. Political Leadership, Nations and Charisma will appeal to readers who are interested in history, sociology, political communication and nationalism studies.
Download or read book The Rise of Turkey written by Soner Cagaptay and published by Potomac Books, Inc.. This book was released on 2014-02-01 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Turkey is positioned to become the twenty-first centuryÆs first Muslim power. Based on a dynamic economy and energetic foreign policy, TurkeyÆs growing engagement with other countries has made it a key player in the newly emerging multidirectional world order. TurkeyÆs trade patterns and societal interaction with other nations have broadened and deepened dramatically in the past decade, transforming Turkey from a Cold War outpost into a significant player internationally. TurkeyÆs ascendance and the changes that have taken place under the leadership of TurkeyÆs Muslim conservative government have prompted its policymakers to craft a new vision of their role in twenty-first-century society. This developing worldview animates TurkeyÆs desire to sometimes take the lead with its co-religionists and occasionally challenge its partners in the West, while showing no inclination to become an irresponsible rising power. If it can consolidate liberal democracy at home, Turkey could also assume the role of serving as an example for the newly emerging governments brought about by the Arab Spring. The cornerstone of TurkeyÆs rise has been the governmentÆs ability to foster stable political conditions for economic growth, alongside a foreign policy that balances TurkeyÆs Muslim identity with its Western overlay, including its strong ties to the United States. Accordingly, policies that could tarnish TurkeyÆs reputation as a bastion of stability risk undermining its position between Europe, the United States, and the Middle East. This realization has been the catalyst for Ankara's careful management of Eastern and Western desires and expectations. The result is a new Turkey: a twenty-first-century Muslim power that promotes stability without the confines of a regional, European rubric.
Download or read book Ataturk written by Yuksel Atillasoy and published by Landmark Management of New York. This book was released on 2002 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biography of the first president and founder of the Turkish Republic.
Download or read book The Fires of Spring written by Shelly Culbertson and published by St. Martin's Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Turkey, Iraq, Qatar, Jordan, Egypt, and Tunisia The “Arab Spring” all started when a young Tunisian fruit seller set himself on fire in protest of a government official confiscating his apples and slapping his face. The aftermath of that one personal protest grew to become the Middle East movement known as the Arab Spring—a wave of disparate events that included protests, revolutions, hopeful reform movements, and bloody civil wars. The Fires of Spring is the first book to bring the post-Arab Spring world to light in a holistic context. A narrative of author Shelly Culbertson’s journey through six countries of the Middle East, The Fires of Spring tells the story by weaving together a sense of place, insight about issues of our time, interviews with leaders, history, and personal stories. Culbertson navigates the nuances of street life and peers into ministries, mosques, and women’s worlds. She delves into what Arab Spring optimism was about, and at the same time sheds light on the pain and dysfunction that continues to plague parts of the region. The Fires of Spring blends reportage, travel memoir, and analysis in this complex and multifaceted portrait.
Download or read book Mustafa Kemal Ataturk written by Askit Ilhan and published by . This book was released on 2004-06-01 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atat rk written by George W. Gawrych and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2023-10-19 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was one of the most significant political leaders of the twentieth century. He rose from obscure origins to become the founder of the new Republic of Turkey out of the ashes of the Ottoman Empire and go on to radically transform Turkish society. How should one understand Atatürk and his legacy? In this book, George Gawrych studies Atatürk's career in detail, showing how Atatürk married the traits of the classic military man-of-action with those of the intellectual, theorist and pragmatist as a statesman. Gawrych places Atatürk in the context of his times to reveal how he harnessed wider forces to set Turkey on a path of secular nationalism and comprehensive modernization. His legacy can be seen everywhere in Turkey today, from the role and rights of women in society to the struggle for developing a democracy in the Republic. Gawrych addresses the costs of Atatürk's policies, including the suppression of minorities and the imposition of a cult of personality and authoritarian rule in the name of 'Turkification'. The book presents a nuanced analysis of a complex figure who consciously created a living legacy that still casts a shadow over Turkey's political and intellectual discourse.
Download or read book Turkey and the World Around it written by Orhan Kemal Cengiz and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Rough Guide to Turkey written by Rosie Ayliffe and published by Rough Guides. This book was released on 2003 with total page 1166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fully revised and thoroughly updated fifth edition of The Rough Guide to Turkey provides an insider's handbook to the country. A full colour section introduces Turkey's highlights, from the markets of Istanbul to the rock churches of Cappadocia. There are informed accounts of the country's wide-ranging sights and incisive reviews of the best places to eat, sleep and drink in every price range. Throughout the guide there is practical advice on everything from bazaar shopping to chartering a yacht. The authors also provide expert background on Turkish history, literature, music and film.
Download or read book The Rough Guide to Turkey written by and published by Rough Guides. This book was released on 2010 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
