Download or read book Carbon Nanotube Arrays written by Sean Michael Foradori and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiconducting, single walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are exceptional electronic materials with high current carrying capacity, a tunable band gap, and nanoscale dimensions. Single CNTs in research devices have demonstrated these excellent material properties. Extrapolation of these single CNT results to devices with many CNTs in tightly packed and highly aligned arrays indicates that CNTs can exceed the performance of existing silicon based devices in many applications by operating at lower voltages and using less energy. The performance of array based devices has not yet met these high expectations, however, due in part to practical challenges in fabricating arrays and integrating those arrays into devices. Aligned arrays can be deposited using many different processes to generate a wide range of CNT packing densities and array morphologies. The morphology and packing density both can affect device performance. Polymer wrapped CNTs with high semiconductor purity are often used in these arrays, but the polymer wrapper must be removed from the CNT array to achieve the best device performance. Chapter 2 examines the impact of CNT bundles on the performance of field effect transistors (FETs) with relatively weak gates. These bundles, colinear aggregates containing multiple CNTs, are formed during some array fabrication processes and can behave differently from individual CNTs. When using relatively weak gates, bundles have a current density similar to individual CNTs, but they have different threshold voltages than individual CNTs, meaning their conductivity turns on and off at different gate voltages. Arrays with a mixture of individual and bundled CNTs make devices with poor subthreshold swing because the gate cannot turn the whole array off at any particular voltage; the array turns off gradually as the gate voltage changes. Chapter 3 examines bundles in FETs with strong ion gel gates. A strong gate can turn on multiple CNTs in a bundle, increasing their current density relative to individual CNTs. An FET with a strong gate and a CNT array containing many bundles will have a higher transconductance than a device with an array containing only individual CNTs. This can be useful in radio frequency transistors because their high frequency performance improves as transconductance increases, but is degraded by parasitic capacitance effects if the channel width is increased. By using an array of bundled CNTs instead of an array of individual CNTs, the transconductance can be increased without increasing the channel width. Chapter 4 describes a strategy to fabricate monolayer arrays with high packing density and very little bundling. Passing a substrate through a macroscopic liquid-liquid interface can deposit aligned arrays of CNTs at the liquid-liquid-substrate contact line. The new strategy uses lithographically defined, microscopic water droplets on substrates to form a contact line that is more stable and improves the array deposition. The advantage of patterned microscopic droplets is that the contact line is pinned by the hydrophilic/hydrophobic border of the chemical pattern, and is decoupled from the motions of the substrate and macroscopic liquid-liquid interface. This relatively stable contact line moves as each CNT is deposited, allowing subsequent CNTs to deposit adjacent to the previously deposited ones, improving the alignment and increasing the packing density to 250 CNTs ℗æm-1 with very little bundling. Devices made using these arrays have exceptionally high current density and transconductance of 1.9 mA ℗æm-1 and 1.2 mS ℗æm-1 at a channel length of 60 nm using just a 0.6 V drain voltage. This is a >2x performance improvement over arrays formed with similar conditions but deposited at the contact line of the macroscopic interface. Finally, Chapter 5 investigates a yttrium (Y) based post-deposition process used to mitigate the effects of wrapping polymer in CNT FETs. Though this process has been used for several years, very little information has been reported about how it works. We use physical and spectroscopic measurements to examine the mechanism, selectivity, extent of etching, and range of conditions available for removing the wrapping polymer PFO-BPy from CNTs. The Y-treatment process consists of depositing 3 nm of metallic Y on the sample, annealing in air at a fixed temperature and time, then etching the sample in dilute HCl for 5 seconds, and rinsing in DI water. Annealing at 90°C or cooler for 30 minutes will oxidize ~0.5 nm of a PFO-BPy film, forming highly oxidized carbonate, carboxylate and/or carbonyl groups, allowing it to dissolve in dilute aqueous acid. Repeated Y-treatment cycles will etch more material, and thicker layers of up to 2.5 nm can be etched by annealing at 250°C for 120 minutes. Reactions with sp2 based CNTs and graphene only occur at elevated temperatures, allowing selective removal of wrapping polymer from CNTs at lower temperatures. Furthermore, the yttrium process can remove all parts of the PFO-BPy polymer molecule, in contrast to high-temperature vacuum annealing which only removes alkyl side groups and leaves much of the polymer chain intact.
Download or read book Aligned Carbon Nanotubes written by Zhifeng Ren and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-05 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a survey of the physics and fabrication of carbon nanotubes and their applications in optics, electronics, chemistry and biotechnology. It focuses on the structural characterization of various carbon nanotubes, fabrication of vertically or parallel aligned carbon nanotubes on substrates or in composites, physical properties for their alignment, and applications of aligned carbon nanotubes in field emission, optical antennas, light transmission, solar cells, chemical devices, bio-devices, and many others. Major fabrication methods are illustrated in detail, particularly the most widely used PECVD growth technique on which various device integration schemes are based, followed by applications such as electrical interconnects, nanodiodes, optical antennas, and nanocoax solar cells, whereas current limitations and challenges are also be discussed to lay the foundation for future developments.
Download or read book Industrial Applications of Carbon Nanotubes written by Huisheng Peng and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2016-10-08 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Industrial Applications of Carbon Nanotubes covers the current applications of carbon nanotubes in various industry sectors, from the military to visual display products, and energy harvesting and storage. It also assesses the opportunities and challenges for increased commercialization and manufacturing of carbon nanotubes in the years ahead. Real-life case studies illustrate how carbon nanotubes are used in each industry sector covered, providing a valuable resource for scientists and engineers who are involved and/or interested in carbon nanotubes in both academia and industry. The book serves as a comprehensive guide to the varied uses of carbon nanotubes for specialists in many related fields, including chemistry, physics, biology, and textiles. - Explains how carbon nanotubes can be used to improve the efficiency and performance of industrial products - Includes real-life case studies to illustrate how carbon nanotubes have been successfully employed - Explores how carbon nanotubes could be mass-manufactured in the future, and outlines the challenges that need to be overcome
Download or read book Carbon Nanotubes written by Thomas W. Ebbesen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1996-10-09 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanomaterials are destined to become a discipline as distinct and important as polymers are in chemistry! With the realization that the structure of molecules such as C60 and C70 followed simple geometric principles, it became clear that a great variety of hollow, closed carbon structures, including nanotubes, could be made along the same principles. The modern nanotube can be thought of as the ultimate fiber formed of perfectly closed, seamless shells having unique features, such as mechanical and electronic properties that are very sensitive to its geometry and its dimensions. The nanotube has many uses:
Download or read book Carbon Nanotubes written by Mohammed Rahman and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-04-26 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book Carbon Nanotubes - Recent Progress contains a number of recent researches on synthesis, growth, characterization, development, and potential applications on carbon materials especially CNTs in nanoscale. It is a promising novel research from top to bottom that has received a lot of interest in the last few decades. It covers the advanced topics on the physical, chemical, and potential applications of CNTs. Here, the interesting reports on cutting-edge science and technology related to synthesis, morphology, control, hybridization, and prospective applications of CNTs are concluded. This potentially unique work offers various approaches on the R
Download or read book Advanced Materials Based on Carbon Nanotube Arrays Yarns and Papers written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon nanotubes have hundreds of potential applications but require innovative processing techniques to manipulate the microscopic carbon dust into useful devices and products. This thesis describes efforts to process carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using novel methods with the goals of: 1) improving the properties of energy absorbing and composite carbon nanotube materials and 2) increasing understanding of fundamental structure â€" property relationships within these materials. Millimeter long CNTs, in the form of arrays, yarns and papers, were used to produce energy absorbing foams and high volume fraction CNT composites. Vertically aligned CNT arrays were grown on silicon substrates using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of ethylene gas over iron nano-particles. The low density, millimeter thick arrays were tested under compression as energy absorbing foams. With additional CVD processing steps, it was possible to tune the compressive properties of the arrays. After the longest treatment, the compressive strength of the arrays was increased by a factor of 35 with a density increase of only six fold, while also imparting recovery from compression to the array. Microscopy revealed that the post-synthesis CVD treatment increased the number of CNT walls through an epitaxial type radial growth on the surface of the as-grown tubes. The increase in tube radius and mutual support between nanotubes explained the increases in compressive strength while an increase in nanotube roughness was proposed as the morphological change responsible for recovery in the array. Carbon nanotube yarns were used as the raw material for macroscopic textile preforms with a multi-level hierarchical carbon nanotube (CNT) structure: nanotubes, bundles, spun single yarns, plied yarns and 3-D braids. In prior tensile tests, composites produced from the 3-D braids exhibited unusual mechanical behavior effects. The proposed physical hypotheses explained those effects by molecular level interactions and mo.
Download or read book Nanotube Superfiber Materials written by Mark Schulz and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2013-09-16 with total page 861 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotube Superfiber Materials refers to different forms of macroscale materials with unique properties constructed from carbon nanotubes. These materials include nanotube arrays, ribbons, scrolls, yarn, braid, and sheets. Nanotube materials are in the early stage of development and this is the first dedicated book on the subject. Transitioning from molecules to materials is a breakthrough that will positively impact almost all industries and areas of society. Key properties of superfiber materials are high flexibility and fatigue resistance, high energy absorption, high strength, good electrical conductivity, high maximum current density, reduced skin and proximity effects, high thermal conductivity, lightweight, good field emission, piezoresistive, magnetoresistive, thermoelectric, and other properties. These properties will open up the door to dozens of applications including replacing copper wire for power conduction, EMI shielding, coax cable, carbon biofiber, bullet-proof vests, impact resistant glass, wearable antennas, biomedical microdevices, biosensors, self-sensing composites, supercapacitors, superinductors, hybrid superconductor, reinforced elastomers, nerve scaffolding, energy storage, and many others. The scope of the book covers three main areas: Part I: Processing; Part II: Properties; and Part III: Applications. Processing involves nanotube synthesis and macro scale material formation methods. Properties covers the mechanical, electrical, chemical and other properties of nanotubes and macroscale materials. Different approaches to growing high quality long nanotubes and spinning the nanotubes into yarn are explained in detail. The best ideas are collected from all around the world including commercial approaches. Applications of nanotube superfiber cover a huge field and provides a broad survey of uses. The book gives a broad overview starting from bioelectronics to carbon industrial machines. - First book to explore the production and applications of macro-scale materials made from nano-scale particles - Sets out the processes for producing macro-scale materials from carbon nanotubes, and describes the unique properties of these materials - Potential applications for CNT fiber/yarn include replacing copper wire for power conduction, EMI shielding, coax cable, carbon biofiber, bullet-proof vests, impact resistant glass, wearable antennas, biomedical microdevices, biosensors, self-sensing composites, supercapacitors, superinductors, hybrid superconductor, reinforced elastomers, nerve scaffolding, energy storage, and many others
Download or read book Carbon Nanotube Enhanced Aerospace Composite Materials written by A. Paipetis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-14 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The well documented increase in the use of high performance composites as structural materials in aerospace components is continuously raising the demands in terms of dynamic performance, structural integrity, reliable life monitoring systems and adaptive actuating abilities. Current technologies address the above issues separately; material property tailoring and custom design practices aim to the enhancement of dynamic and damage tolerance characteristics, whereas life monitoring and actuation is performed with embedded sensors that may be detrimental to the structural integrity of the component. This publication explores the unique properties of carbon nanotubes (CNT) as an additive in the matrix of Fibre Reinforced Plastics (FRP), for producing structural composites with improved mechanical performance as well as sensing/actuating capabilities. The successful combination of the CNT properties and existing sensing actuating technologies leads to the realization of a multifunctional FRP structure. The current volume presents the state of the art research in this field. The contributions cover all the aspects of the novel composite systems, i.e. modeling from nano to macro scale, enhancement of structural efficiency, dispersion and manufacturing, integral health monitoring abilities, Raman monitoring, as well as the capabilities that ordered carbon nanotube arrays offer in terms of sensing and/or actuating in aerospace composites.
Download or read book Polymers in Aligned Carbon Nanotube Arrays written by Marina Khaneft and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Carbon Nanotechnology written by Liming Dai and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-04-18 with total page 751 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology is no longer a merely social talking point and is beginning to affect the lives of everyone. Carbon nanotechnology as a major shaper of new nanotechnologies has evolved into a truly interdisciplinary field, which encompasses chemistry, physics, biology, medicine, materials science and engineering. This is a field in which a huge amount of literature has been generated within recent years, and the number of publications is still increasing every year. Carbon Nanotechnology aims to provide a timely coverage of the recent development in the field with updated reviews and remarks by world-renowned experts. Intended to be an exposition of cutting-edge research and development rather than a kind of conference proceeding, Carbon Nanotechnology will be very useful not only to experienced scientists and engineers, who wish to broaden their knowledge of the wide-ranging nanotechnology and/or to develop practical devices, but also to graduate and senior undergraduate students who look to make their mark in this field of the future.· A comprehensive treatment from materials chemistry and structure-property to practical applications· Offers an in-depth analysis of various carbon nanotechnologies from both fundamental and practical perspectives· An easily accessible assessment of the materials properties and device performances based on all of the major classes of carbon nanomaterials, including: carbon fiber; diamond; C60; and carbon nanotubes· A concise compilation of the practical applications of carbon nanotechnologies from polymer-carbon nanocomposites to sensors, electron emitters, and molecular electronics
Download or read book TiO2 Nanotube Arrays written by Craig A. Grimes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-08-11 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TiO2 Nanotube Arrays: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications is the first book to provide an overview of this rapidly growing field. Vertically oriented, highly ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays are unique and easily fabricated materials with an architecture that demonstrates remarkable charge transfer as well as photocatalytic properties. This volume includes an introduction to TiO2 nanotube arrays, as well as a description of the material properties and distillation of the current research. Applications considered include gas sensing, heterojunction solar cells, water photoelectrolysis, photocatalytic CO2 reduction, as well as several biomedical applications. Written by leading researchers in the field, TiO2 Nanotube Arrays: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications is a valuable reference for chemists, materials scientists and engineers involved with renewable energy sources, biomedical engineering, and catalysis, to cite but a few examples.
Download or read book Carbon Nanotubes and Related Structures written by Dirk M. Guldi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-01-26 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by the most prominent experts and pioneers in the field, this ready reference combines fundamental research, recent breakthroughs and real-life applications in one well-organized treatise. As such, both newcomers and established researchers will find here a wide range of current methods for producing and characterizing carbon nanotubes using imaging as well as spectroscopic techniques. One major part of this thorough overview is devoted to the controlled chemical functionalization of carbon nanotubes, covering intriguing applications in photovoltaics, organic electronics and materials design. The latest research on novel carbon-derived structures, such as graphene, nanoonions and carbon pea pods, round off the book.
Download or read book Nanoscale Application for Carbon Nanotube Arrays written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The original goals for the research program were to: 1) fabricate an interconnected array of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) and 2) use the device to investigate cellular signaling in live cells. The most challenging part of this research (as anticipated) was the fabrication of the carbon nanotube array and most of the effort of this seed program was focused on this part. The interconnect fabrication was completed. A sample device without carbon nanotubes was packaged and tested with living cells to test the interface with optical microscopes and signal electronics. The most difficult part of fabricating an interconnected array of SWNTs is accurately growing or assembling them (with known properties) on interconnects. It was discovered that the nanotubes can be assembled on the interconnects using lithography that is much less demanding than previously reported or anticipated in the original proposal. This groundbreaking discovery will yield many applications for biological devices and integrated circuits using nanotubes. The main advantage is that the requirements on the lithography may be relaxed to the point where traditional manufacturing technology may be used to fabricate the device. This is a disruptive technology in that it may significantly shorten the time line for the introduction of many nanotube devices that would otherwise have to wait for the introduction of lithography that is at the end of the current roadmap for semiconductor technology. The result of this research program may be to reduce the development costs for nanotube devices by hundreds of millions of dollars.
Download or read book Rapid Growth of Dense and Long Carbon Nanotube Arrays and Its Application in Spinning Thread written by Yasuhiko Hayashi and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), a dependable allotrope of carbon, are foreseen to lead technology further to its reach. Also, the most researched carbon allotrope in its form. Drawable CNTs have recently unraveled numerous possible applications utilizing vertically aligned CNTs also termed as "CNT forest." In recent years, the rapid growth of dense and long carbon nanotube arrays has succeeded in surpassing its challenges by synthesizing dense and long CNT arrays. Length, density, and drawability tuning in the synthesis of CNT arrays have always been a complex issue lately. However, numerous research techniques emerged focusing on length and density control. Hence, this book chapter aids in unveiling the current achievements in the growth of dense and long CNT arrays and their application in spinning threads or CNT yarns with numerous other possible applications.
Download or read book Self assembled Ordered Carbon nanotube Arrays and Membranes written by Michael P. Siegal and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Imagine free-standing flexible membranes with highly-aligned arrays of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) running through their thickness. Perhaps with both ends of the CNTs open for highly controlled nanofiltration? Or CNTs at heights uniformly above a polymer membrane for a flexible array of nanoelectrodes or field-emitters? How about CNT films with incredible amounts of accessible surface area for analyte adsorption? These self-assembled crystalline nanotubes consist of multiple layers of graphene sheets rolled into concentric cylinders. Tube diameters (3-300 nm), inner-bore diameters (2-15 nm), and lengths (nanometers - microns) are controlled to tailor physical, mechanical, and chemical properties. We proposed to explore growth and characterize nanotube arrays to help determine their exciting functionality for Sandia applications. Thermal chemical vapor deposition growth in a furnace nucleates from a metal catalyst. Ordered arrays grow using templates from self-assembled hexagonal arrays of nanopores in anodized-aluminum oxide. Polymeric-binders can mechanically hold the CNTs in place for polishing, lift-off, and membrane formation. The stiffness, electrical and thermal conductivities of CNTs make them ideally suited for a wide-variety of possible applications. Large-area, highly-accessible gas-adsorbing carbon surfaces, superb cold-cathode field-emission, and unique nanoscale geometries can lead to advanced microsensors using analyte adsorption, arrays of functionalized nanoelectrodes for enhanced electrochemical detection of biological/explosive compounds, or mass-ionizers for gas-phase detection. Materials studies involving membrane formation may lead to exciting breakthroughs in nanofiltration/nanochromatography for the separation of chemical and biological agents. With controlled nanofilter sizes, ultrafiltration will be viable to separate and preconcentrate viruses and many strains of bacteria for 'down-stream' analysis.
Download or read book Carbon Nanotubes written by Mohamed Berber and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2016-07-20 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book shows the recent advances of the applications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), in particular, the polymer functionalized carbon nanotubes. It also includes a comprehensive description of carbon nanotubes' preparation, properties, and characterization. Therefore, we have attempted to provide detailed information about the polymer-carbon nanotube composites. With regard to the unique structure and properties of carbon nanotubes, a series of important findings have been reported. The unique properties of carbon nanotubes, including thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties, after polymer functionalization have been documented in detail. This book comprises 18 chapters. The chapters include different applications of polymer functionalization CNTs, e.g. photovoltaic, biomedical, drug delivery, gene delivery, stem cell therapy, thermal therapy, biological detection and imaging, electroanalytical, energy, supercapacitor, and gas sensor applications.
Download or read book Patterned Assembly of Carbon Nanotube Arrays written by Hyunhyub Ko and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ordered arrays of carbon nanotubes in bent and straight states were prepared using "wet" deposition approaches. This approach provided a means for the formation of highly oriented and textured nanotube arrays of different types. Under certain conditions, nanotube loops of different shapes were formed on amine-terminated silicon surface stripes. We suggested that the dewetting of the SAM-confined liquid film was responsible for the alignment of carbon nanotubes and for the formation of the looped nanotubes. The instability of a receding contact line caused water microdroplets behind the dewetting film, which could serve as nuclei for nanotube trapping. The nanotubes pinned to the functionalized surface can be trapped by these drying microdroplets and bent along their shrinking circumference. The bent nanotube structure on patterned CNT assembly was investigated by combined AFM and Raman spectroscopy. We showed that the tangential G-mode shift downward upon nanotube bending, which caused by the loosening of C-C bond. The preparation of the ordered arrays of uniform nanotube loops or woven nanotube stripes may be useful in microelectromechanical devices, where tunable electronic and surface properties result from different nanotube shapes, location and orientation.
