Download or read book Geologic Carbon Sequestration written by V. Vishal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-11 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This exclusive compilation written by eminent experts from more than ten countries, outlines the processes and methods for geologic sequestration in different sinks. It discusses and highlights the details of individual storage types, including recent advances in the science and technology of carbon storage. The topic is of immense interest to geoscientists, reservoir engineers, environmentalists and researchers from the scientific and industrial communities working on the methodologies for carbon dioxide storage. Increasing concentrations of anthropogenic carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are often held responsible for the rising temperature of the globe. Geologic sequestration prevents atmospheric release of the waste greenhouse gases by storing them underground for geologically significant periods of time. The book addresses the need for an understanding of carbon reservoir characteristics and behavior. Other book volumes on carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) attempt to cover the entire process of CCUS, but the topic of geologic sequestration is not discussed in detail. This book focuses on the recent trends and up-to-date information on different storage rock types, ranging from deep saline aquifers to coal to basaltic formations.
Download or read book Geological Storage of Carbon Dioxide CO2 written by J Gluyas and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-11-23 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geological storage and sequestration of carbon dioxide, in saline aquifers, depleted oil and gas fields or unminable coal seams, represents one of the most important processes for reducing humankind's emissions of greenhouse gases. Geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) reviews the techniques and wider implications of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS).Part one provides an overview of the fundamentals of the geological storage of CO2. Chapters discuss anthropogenic climate change and the role of CCS, the modelling of storage capacity, injectivity, migration and trapping of CO2, the monitoring of geological storage of CO2, and the role of pressure in CCS. Chapters in part two move on to explore the environmental, social and regulatory aspects of CCS including CO2 leakage from geological storage facilities, risk assessment of CO2 storage complexes and public engagement in projects, and the legal framework for CCS. Finally, part three focuses on a variety of different projects and includes case studies of offshore CO2 storage at Sleipner natural gas field beneath the North Sea, the CO2CRC Otway Project in Australia, on-shore CO2 storage at the Ketzin pilot site in Germany, and the K12-B CO2 injection project in the Netherlands.Geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) is a comprehensive resource for geoscientists and geotechnical engineers and academics and researches interested in the field. - Reviews the techniques and wider implications of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) - An overview of the fundamentals of the geological storage of CO2 discussing the modelling of storage capacity, injectivity, migration and trapping of CO2 among other subjects - Explores the environmental, social and regulatory aspects of CCS including CO2 leakage from geological storage facilities, risk assessment of CO2 storage complexes and the legal framework for CCS
Download or read book CARBON GEOLOGICAL SEQUESTRATION IN SALINE AQUIFERS written by MUMUNI. AMADU and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In view of the accelerated increase in anthropogenic carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and the resulting climate warming, the capture and storage of this greenhouse gas in geologic media is considered a technically viable option. Consequently, the injection of carbon dioxide into a saline aquifer initially containing formation brine will lead to two-phase flow. In this regard, the wettability of the system that controls the relative mobility of fluid phases is a fundamental petrophysical parameter that deserves attention. Generally, the wettability is controlled by water-rock interaction phenomena which consists of cation exchange and surface adsorption of ions. So far, the wettability of the system carbon dioxide-solid-brine has been studied in a manner where substrates do not reflect those of actual geologic systems that are hosts for carbon storage. Consequently, contact angles measured so far give conclusive evidence that wettability will decrease with gas injection but they do not give any clue as to the manner in which this will decrease. This is because contact angles are measured on individual minerals of rocks rather than on rock samples. In this study, I have used two mineralogically distinct rock samples to show how contact angles will evolve given the water-rock interaction phenomena that control wettability. The two rocks are Wallace sandstone from Nova Scotia and Fontainebleau sandstone from France. The experimental methodology is based on spontaneous imbibition rise of brine of varying pH in core samples. Contact angle computations are carried out using early spontaneous imbibition dynamics theory. In addition, cation exchange reactions pertinent to the geologic system which are principal causes of formation water pH buffering, have been investigated using pulverized rock samples. Furthermore, X-Ray diffraction analysis of rock samples to support experimental results have been carried out. Results of these experiments give further conclusive evidence that cation exchange reactions can buffer formation water pH to impact expected trends in wettability evolution. In view of the point of zero charge pH of the solid surface being fundamental to the water-rock interaction, a mathematical model has been presented that links wettability to the pH of aqueous solution.
Download or read book Science of Carbon Storage in Deep Saline Formations written by Pania Newell and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-09-10 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science of Carbon Storage in Deep Saline Formations: Process Coupling across Time and Spatial Scales summarizes state-of-the-art research, emphasizing how the coupling of physical and chemical processes as subsurface systems re-equilibrate during and after the injection of CO2. In addition, it addresses, in an easy-to-follow way, the lack of knowledge in understanding the coupled processes related to fluid flow, geomechanics and geochemistry over time and spatial scales. The book uniquely highlights process coupling and process interplay across time and spatial scales that are relevant to geological carbon storage.
Download or read book Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-04-08 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To achieve goals for climate and economic growth, "negative emissions technologies" (NETs) that remove and sequester carbon dioxide from the air will need to play a significant role in mitigating climate change. Unlike carbon capture and storage technologies that remove carbon dioxide emissions directly from large point sources such as coal power plants, NETs remove carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere or enhance natural carbon sinks. Storing the carbon dioxide from NETs has the same impact on the atmosphere and climate as simultaneously preventing an equal amount of carbon dioxide from being emitted. Recent analyses found that deploying NETs may be less expensive and less disruptive than reducing some emissions, such as a substantial portion of agricultural and land-use emissions and some transportation emissions. In 2015, the National Academies published Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration, which described and initially assessed NETs and sequestration technologies. This report acknowledged the relative paucity of research on NETs and recommended development of a research agenda that covers all aspects of NETs from fundamental science to full-scale deployment. To address this need, Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda assesses the benefits, risks, and "sustainable scale potential" for NETs and sequestration. This report also defines the essential components of a research and development program, including its estimated costs and potential impact.
Download or read book Mechanisms for CO2 Sequestration in Geological Formations and Enhanced Gas Recovery written by Roozbeh Khosrokhavar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-28 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives background information why shale formations in the world are important both for storage capacity and enhanced gas recovery (EGR). Part of this book investigates the sequestration capacity in geological formations and the mechanisms for the enhanced storage rate of CO2 in an underlying saline aquifer. The growing concern about global warming has increased interest in geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2). The main mechanism of the enhancement, viz., the occurrence of gravity fingers, which are the vehicles of enhanced transport in saline aquifers, can be visualized using the Schlieren technique. In addition high pressure experiments confirmed that the storage rate is indeed enhanced in porous media. The book is appropriate for graduate students, researchers and advanced professionals in petroleum and chemical engineering. It provides the interested reader with in-depth insights into the possibilities and challenges of CO2 storage and the EGR prospect.
Download or read book Geological Carbon Storage written by Stéphanie Vialle and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-11-15 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geological Carbon Storage Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrity Seals and caprocks are an essential component of subsurface hydrogeological systems, guiding the movement and entrapment of hydrocarbon and other fluids. Geological Carbon Storage: Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrity offers a survey of the wealth of recent scientific work on caprock integrity with a focus on the geological controls of permanent and safe carbon dioxide storage, and the commercial deployment of geological carbon storage. Volume highlights include: Low-permeability rock characterization from the pore scale to the core scale Flow and transport properties of low-permeability rocks Fundamentals of fracture generation, self-healing, and permeability Coupled geochemical, transport and geomechanical processes in caprock Analysis of caprock behavior from natural analogues Geochemical and geophysical monitoring techniques of caprock failure and integrity Potential environmental impacts of carbon dioxide migration on groundwater resources Carbon dioxide leakage mitigation and remediation techniques Geological Carbon Storage: Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrity is an invaluable resource for geoscientists from academic and research institutions with interests in energy and environment-related problems, as well as professionals in the field.
Download or read book Developments and Innovation in Carbon Dioxide CO2 Capture and Storage Technology written by M. Mercedes Maroto-Valer and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-07-13 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage (CCS) is the one advanced technology that conventional power generation cannot do without. CCS technology reduces the carbon footprint of power plants by capturing, and storing the CO2 emissions from burning fossil-fuels and biomass. This volume provides a comprehensive reference on the state of the art research, development and demonstration of carbon storage and utilisation, covering all the storage options and their environmental impacts. It critically reviews geological, terrestrial and ocean sequestration, including enhanced oil and gas recovery, as well as other advanced concepts such as industrial utilisation, mineral carbonation, biofixation and photocatalytic reduction. - Foreword written by Lord Oxburgh, Climate Science Peer - Comprehensively examines the different methods of storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) and the various concepts for utilisation - Reviews geological sequestration of CO2, including coverage of reservoir sealing and monitoring and modelling techniques used to verify geological sequestration of CO2
Download or read book Geological Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide written by T. R. Carter and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geological sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO2), also known as carbon capture and storage (CCS), is a technical process that involves capturing CO2 from large point sources, purifying the emissions to maximize the CO2 content, and transporting the CO2 to a storage site where it is injected, using a specially constructed well, into deep geological formations for permanent storage. This report reviews the current state of knowledge of this technology and its status, both nationally and worldwide, and the opportunities for CO2 sequestration in geological formations in the province of Ontario. With its available geologic storage capacity close to large industrial point sources of CO2, proven infrastructure and highly trained scientific and technical community, Ontario has the potential to become a world leader in carbon sequestration technology while making meaningful reductions in CO2 emissions to the atmosphere.--Document.
Download or read book Geological Storage of CO2 in Deep Saline Formations written by Auli Niemi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-24 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers readers a comprehensive overview, and an in-depth understanding, of suitable methods for quantifying and characterizing saline aquifers for the geological storage of CO2. It begins with a general overview of the methodology and the processes that take place when CO2 is injected and stored in deep saline-water-containing formations. It subsequently presents mathematical and numerical models used for predicting the consequences of CO2 injection. This book provides descriptions of relevant experimental methods, from laboratory experiments to field scale site characterization and techniques for monitoring spreading of the injected CO2 within the formation. Experiences from a number of important field injection projects are reviewed, as are those from CO2 natural analog sites. Lastly, the book presents relevant risk management methods. Geological storage of CO2 is widely considered to be a key technology capable of substantially reducing the amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere, thereby reducing the negative impacts of such releases on the global climate. Around the world, projects are already in full swing, while others are now being initiated and executed to demonstrate the technology. Deep saline formations are the geological formations considered to hold the highest storage potential, due to their abundance worldwide. To date, however, these formations have been relatively poorly characterized, due to their low economic value. Accordingly, the processes involved in injecting and storing CO2 in such formations still need to be better quantified and methods for characterizing, modeling and monitoring this type of CO2 storage in such formations must be rapidly developed and refined.
Download or read book Uncertainty Analysis of Carbon Sequestration in an Inclined Deep Saline Aquifer written by Guang Yang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geologic Carbon Sequestration (GCS) is a proposed means to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2 ). In Wyoming, GCS is proposed for the Nugget Sandstone, an eolian sandstone exhibiting permeability heterogeneity. Using subsets of static site characterization data, this study builds a suite of increasingly complex geologic model families for the Nugget Sandstone in the Wyoming Overthrust Belt, which is an inclined deep saline aquifer. These models include: a homogeneous model (FAM1), a stationary geostatistical facies model with constant petrophyscial properties in each facies (FAM2a), a stationary geostatistical petrophysical model (FAM2b), a stationary facies model with sub-facies petrophysical variability (FAM3), and a non-stationary facies model (with sub-facies variability) conditioned to soft data (FAM4). These families, representing increasingly sophisticated conceptual models built with increasing amounts of site data, were simulated with the same CO2 injection test (50-year duration at ~1/3 Mt per year), followed by a 2000-year monitoring phase. Based on the Design of Experiment (DOE), an efficient sensitivity analysis (SA) is conducted for all model families, systematically varying uncertain input parameters, while assuming identical production scenario (i.e., well configuration, rate, BHP constraint) and boundary condition (i.e., model is part of a larger semi-infinite system where the injected gas can flow out). Results are compared among the families at different time scales to identify parameters that have first order impact on select simulation outcomes. For predicting CO2 storage ratio (SR) and brine leakage, at both time scales (i.e., end of injection and end of monitoring), more geologic factors are revealed to be important as model complexity is increased, while the importance of engineering factors is simultaneously diminished. In predicting each of the trapped and dissolved gases, when model is of greater complexity, more geologic factors are identified as important with increasing time. This effect, however, cannot be revealed by simpler models. Based on results of the SA, a response surface (RS) analysis is conducted next to generate prediction envelopes of the outcomes which are further compared among the model families. Results suggest a large uncertainty range in the SR given the uncertainties of the parameter and modeling choices. At the end of injection, SR ranges from 0.18 to 0.38; at the end of monitoring, SR ranges from 0.71 to 0.98. In predicting the SR, during the entire simulation time, uncertainty ranges of FAM2b, FAM3, and FAM4 are larger than those of FAM1 and FAM2a, since the former models incorporate more geological complexities. The uncertainty range also changes with time and with the model families. By the end of injection, prediction envelops of all families are more or less similar. Over this shorter time scale, where heterogeneities near the injection site are not significantly different among the different model representations, simpler models can capture the uncertainty in the predicted SR. During the monitoring phase, prediction envelope of each family deviates gradually from one another, reflecting the different (evolving) large scale heterogeneity experienced by each family as plume migrates and grows continuously. Compared to FAM4 (i.e., the most sophisticated model), all other families estimate higher mean SRs. The lesser the amount of site data are incorporated (i.e., lesser geological complexities), the greater the estimated mean SR. In terms of magnitude and range of the uncertainty, prediction envelop of FAM3 is the closest to that of FAM4, while FAM2b's uncertainty range is the largest and FAM1 and FAM2a's ranges are small. Finally, end-member gas plume footprint for each family is established from results of the RS designs (i.e., corresponding to SR minimum, median, and maximum). For FAM1 and FAM2a, at each time scale inspected, the end-member gas plume footprints are not as drastically different as in FAM2b, 3, and 4, since their SR uncertainty range is comparatively small. However, for families of greater geological complexity (i.e., FAM2b, FAM3, and FAM4), the differences are much more significant: gas plume of minimum SR sits around the wellbore and doesn't migrate far, while gas plume of maximum SR migrates a great distance from the wellbore. To summarize, geologic factors and associated conceptual model uncertainty can dominate the uncertainty in predicting SR, brine leakage, and plume footprint. At the study site, better characterization of geologic data such as porosity-permeability transform and facies correlation structure, can lead to significantly reduced uncertainty in predictions. Given the current uncertainty in parameters and modeling choices, CO2 plume predicted by the majority of the simulation runs is either trapped near the injection site (e.g., due to low formation permeability and its heterogeneity) or is gravity-stable under conditions of higher permeability and lower temperature gradient, suggesting a low leakage risk. The inclined Nugget Sandstone at the study site appears to be a viable candidate for safe GCS in this region.
Download or read book Science of Carbon Storage in Deep Saline Formations written by Pania Newell and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-09-06 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science of Carbon Storage in Deep Saline Formations: Process Coupling across Time and Spatial Scales summarizes state-of-the-art research, emphasizing how the coupling of physical and chemical processes as subsurface systems re-equilibrate during and after the injection of CO2. In addition, it addresses, in an easy-to-follow way, the lack of knowledge in understanding the coupled processes related to fluid flow, geomechanics and geochemistry over time and spatial scales. The book uniquely highlights process coupling and process interplay across time and spatial scales that are relevant to geological carbon storage. - Includes the underlying scientific research, as well as the risks associated with geological carbon storage - Covers the topic of geological carbon storage from various disciplines, addressing the multi-scale and multi-physics aspects of geological carbon storage - Organized by discipline for ease of navigation
Download or read book Carbon Sequestration Atlas of the United States and Canada written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development of Science Based Permitting Guidance for Geological Sequestration of CO2 in Deep Saline Aquifers Based on Modeling and Risk Assessment written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Underground carbon storage may become one of the solutions to address global warming. However, to have an impact, carbon storage must be done at a much larger scale than current CO2 injection operations for enhanced oil recovery. It must also include injection into saline aquifers. An important characteristic of CO2 is its strong buoyancy--storage must be guaranteed to be sufficiently permanent to satisfy the very reason that CO2 is injected. This long-term aspect (hundreds to thousands of years) is not currently captured in legislation, even if the U.S. has a relatively well-developed regulatory framework to handle carbon storage, especially in the operational short term. This report proposes a hierarchical approach to permitting in which the State/Federal Government is responsible for developing regional assessments, ranking potential sites (''General Permit'') and lessening the applicant's burden if the general area of the chosen site has been ranked more favorably. The general permit would involve determining in the regional sense structural (closed structures), stratigraphic (heterogeneity), and petrophysical (flow parameters such as residual saturation) controls on the long-term fate of geologically sequestered CO2. The state-sponsored regional studies and the subsequent local study performed by the applicant will address the long-term risk of the particular site. It is felt that a performance-based approach rather than a prescriptive approach is the most appropriate framework in which to address public concerns. However, operational issues for each well (equivalent to the current underground injection control-UIC-program) could follow regulations currently in place. Area ranking will include an understanding of trapping modes. Capillary (due to residual saturation) and structural (due to local geological configuration) trappings are two of the four mechanisms (the other two are solubility and mineral trappings), which are the most relevant to the time scale of interest. The most likely pathways for leakage, if any, are wells and faults. We favor a defense-in-depth approach, in which storage permanence does not rely upon a primary seal only but assumes that any leak can be contained by geologic processes before impacting mineral resources, fresh ground water, or ground surface. We examined the Texas Gulf Coast as an example of an attractive target for carbon storage. Stacked sand-shale layers provide large potential storage volumes and defense-in-depth leakage protection. In the Texas Gulf Coast, the best way to achieve this goal is to establish the primary injection level below the total depth of most wells (>2,400 m-8,000 ft). In addition, most faults, particularly growth faults, present at the primary injection level do not reach the surface. A potential methodology, which includes an integrated approach comprising the whole chain of potential events from leakage from the primary site to atmospheric impacts, is also presented. It could be followed by the State/Federal Government, as well as by the operators.
Download or read book Climate Intervention written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-06-17 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The signals are everywhere that our planet is experiencing significant climate change. It is clear that we need to reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases from our atmosphere if we want to avoid greatly increased risk of damage from climate change. Aggressively pursuing a program of emissions abatement or mitigation will show results over a timescale of many decades. How do we actively remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to make a bigger difference more quickly? As one of a two-book report, this volume of Climate Intervention discusses CDR, the carbon dioxide removal of greenhouse gas emissions from the atmosphere and sequestration of it in perpetuity. Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration introduces possible CDR approaches and then discusses them in depth. Land management practices, such as low-till agriculture, reforestation and afforestation, ocean iron fertilization, and land-and-ocean-based accelerated weathering, could amplify the rates of processes that are already occurring as part of the natural carbon cycle. Other CDR approaches, such as bioenergy with carbon capture and sequestration, direct air capture and sequestration, and traditional carbon capture and sequestration, seek to capture CO2 from the atmosphere and dispose of it by pumping it underground at high pressure. This book looks at the pros and cons of these options and estimates possible rates of removal and total amounts that might be removed via these methods. With whatever portfolio of technologies the transition is achieved, eliminating the carbon dioxide emissions from the global energy and transportation systems will pose an enormous technical, economic, and social challenge that will likely take decades of concerted effort to achieve. Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration will help to better understand the potential cost and performance of CDR strategies to inform debate and decision making as we work to stabilize and reduce atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide.
Download or read book Carbon Sequestration and Its Role in the Global Carbon Cycle written by Brian J. McPherson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-02 with total page 865 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 183. For carbon sequestration the issues of monitoring, risk assessment, and verification of carbon content and storage efficacy are perhaps the most uncertain. Yet these issues are also the most critical challenges facing the broader context of carbon sequestration as a means for addressing climate change. In response to these challenges, Carbon Sequestration and Its Role in the Global Carbon Cycle presents current perspectives and research that combine five major areas: The global carbon cycle and verification and assessment of global carbon sources and sinks Potential capacity and temporal/spatial scales of terrestrial, oceanic, and geologic carbon storage Assessing risks and benefits associated with terrestrial, oceanic, and geologic carbon storage Predicting, monitoring, and verifying effectiveness of different forms of carbon storage Suggested new CO2 sequestration research and management paradigms for the future. The volume is based on a Chapman Conference and will appeal to the rapidly growing group of scientists and engineers examining methods for deliberate carbon sequestration through storage in plants, soils, the oceans, and geological repositories.
Download or read book The Many Facets of Israel s Hydrogeology written by Uri Kafri and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-09 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a collection of essays that address various facets of the hydrogeology of Israel. Despite its small geographic size, Israel exhibits a variety of climates and is located between two regional fluctuating base levels. The respective chapters discuss the variety of hydrogeological configurations and hydrological processes produced by these geographical circumstances. In some cases, the interpretation of these aspects is deliberately left open to debate, because the authors were asked to provide, in addition to their own views, also alternative and even conflicting ones. Hydrogeological configurations similar to those in Israel can be found in other countries around the world. Therefore, researchers, scholars and professionals in this interdisciplinary field can benefit from and directly apply the considerable experience and expertise that has been gathered in Israel over the past few decades.
