Download or read book Carbon Fiber Production from Pitch Cost Analysis Carbon Fiber E21A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of Carbon Fiber production from pitch. The process starts with a preparation step that converts the pitch into mesophase pitch. The mesophase pitch is then stabilized and passes through carbonization, graphitization, surface treatment and sizing, before being wound. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) "Fibers, 5. Synthetic Inorganic", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition (2) US Patent 4999099, issued to Conoco in 2011 (3) Chung, D.D.L., Carbon Fiber Composites, 1994 Keywords: Carbon Fiber, Petroleum Pitch, Coal Tar Pitch, Mesophase Pitch

Download or read book Carbon Fiber Production from PAN Cost Analysis Carbon Fiber E11A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of Carbon Fiber production from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber. In this process, PAN fiber is first stabilized. The stabilized PAN passes then through carbonization, surface treatment and sizing, before being winded. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) "Fibers, 5. Synthetic Inorganic", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition (2) US Patent 8137810, issued to Toray in 2012; Keywords: Polyacrylonitrile, carbon fiber, acrylic fiber, PAN

Download or read book Manufacturing and Mechanical Characterization of Low cost Isotropic Pitch based Carbon Fiber written by Viren Jayantibhai Patel and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study was to manufacture and mechanically characterize low-cost carbon fiber derived from pitch-based precursor that meets or exceeds the general-purpose carbon fiber. For this study, isotropic coal-tar pitch precursor was used due to its ease in manufacturing carbon fiber and low-cost starting material. Various analyses such as elemental composition, softening point, TGA, FT-IR, NMR, single carbon fiber testing, and SEM were performed to fully characterize the precursor and carbon fiber. Using melt spinning method, the precursor was melt spun at 235 °C, a pressure of 1.5 MPa and a winding speed of 400 rpm to achieve continuous small diameter fibers known as spun/green fibers. The winding speed of the drum collector and the spinneret diameter controlled the overall diameter of the carbon fibers. The green fibers then underwent the thermal treatment processes of stabilization and carbonization. The green fibers were oxidized at 300 °C with a heating rate of 0.25 °C/min in air. Later, they were carbonized at 1100 °C with a heating rate of 1 °C/min in an inert environment. Experimentally it was determined that smaller diameter carbon fibers were easy to fully oxidize with a smaller heating rate. This also resulted in higher mechanical properties due to less defects in their structures. The isotropic pitch-based carbon fiber manufactured in this study have the maximum tensile strength and elastic modulus of 927 MPa and 86 GPa, respectively.

Download or read book Mesophase Pitch based Carbon Fiber and Its Composites written by Chang Liu and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship among process, structure, and property of the UTSI pitch-based carbon fibers and optimize carbon fiber's mechanical properties through the stabilization process. Various analysis techniques were employed throughout these investigations which include the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), optical microscope, Dia-stron system, MTS, and ImageJ. Several fiber process techniques including fiber spinning, stabilization, and carbonization were explored to determine the effect of the thermal process on the fiber yield, fiber diameter, the sheath-core structure of stabilized fibers, the pac-man and hollow core structures of carbonized fibers, and the resulting mechanical properties of the carbon fibers. It was found that stabilization time and the temperature stepping had a great deal on influence on the resulting carbon fibers. Larger diameter fiber is easy to form sheath-core structure in the stabilization process. Pac-man structure was developed at 600°C during the carbonization. Both stabilization duration and the carbonization temperature control the resulting carbon fiber diameter and fiber structure defects such as the pac-man and hollow core defects. Multi-step stabilization can reduce the total stabilization duration and improve the mechanical properties of the resulting carbon fibers. Fiber structure non-uniformities including fiber diameter distributions for a bundle fiber or along a single fiber, and pac-man angles were determined. Statistical analysis revealed the distribution of the carbon fiber cross-sectional areas and the result is compared against commercial available carbon fibers. Carbon fiber sandwiched composites (CFSCs) were fabricated with UTSI carbon fiber and commercial PAN-based carbon fibers. Several configurations of sandwich structured composites were explored to test the flexural properties with varying sandwich thickness.

Download or read book Analysis of Carbon Fiber Characterization Techniques written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accurate and efficient fiber characterization is critical to developing a successful process for producing low cost, high quality carbon fibers from pitch. This study analyzes current methods for characterizing diameter, tensile strength, and tensile modulus for carbon fibers using a Dia-stron® automated system consisting of a FDAS 765 laser scan micrometer and a LEX 810 linear extensometer. Fiber diameters measured by the Dia-stron® system are compared with diameters measured by Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and by optical microscope at 20X and 40X magnifications. Tensile measurements were also analyzed. This study found that fiber alignment during tensile testing is critical to determining a fiber's strength accurately. Most of the uncertainty in determining tensile strength, which is reported in terms of stress, comes from error in diameter measurements. The Dia-stron® had an estimated uncertainty of about 3.7 % for single measurements of a 9.8-micron diameter fiber. The optical method had an estimated uncertainty of about 9.6% for an 8.58-micron diameter. The SEM micrometer had a resolution of " 1 micron which for a 9.8-micron fiber is an uncertainty of about 10.2%. The range of uncertainty for the SEM method for fibers with diameters between 7 -- 12 microns is about 14.3-8.3%. The SEM and Dia-stron® agreed within 7% for a sample group. Individual fiber comparisons between the Dia-stron® system and the optical microscope had agreement between 2% and 15%. The SEM and optical methods both produced images of the fiber, but could only provide one view of the fiber due to its fixed mounting whereas the Dia-stron® system measured 180 degrees around the fiber circumference. The Dia-stron® was found to be the most efficient of these methods for taking a large number of measurements in a relatively short amount of time.

Download or read book Engineering Mechanics of Composite Materials written by Isaac M. Daniel and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Finite Element Modelling of Composite Materials and Structures written by F L Matthews and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-10-27 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Finite element modelling of composite materials and structures provides an introduction to a technique which is increasingly being used as an analytical tool for composite materials.The text is presented in four parts: Part one sets the scene and reviews the fundamentals of composite materials together with the basic nature of FRP and its constituents. Two-dimensional stress-strain is covered, as is laminated plated theory and its limitations. Part two reviews the basic principles of FE analysis, starting with underlying theoretical issues and going on to show how elements are derived, a model is generated and results are processed. Part three builds on the basics of FE analysis and considers the particular issues that arise in applying finite elements to composites, especially to the layered nature of the material. Part four deals with the application of FE to FRP composites, presenting analytical models alongside FE representations. Specific issues addressed include interlaminar stresses, fracture delamination, joints and fatigue. This book is invaluable for students of materials science and engineering, and for engineers and others wishing to expand their knowledge of structural analysis. Covers important work on finite element analysis of composite material performance Based on material developed for an MSc course at Imperial College, London, UK Covers particular problems such as holes, free edges with FE results compared with experimental data and classical analysis

Download or read book Engineering Materials 1 written by M. F. Ashby and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a broad introduction to the properties of materials used in engineering applications, and is intended to provide a course in engineering materials for students with no previous background in the subject.

Download or read book Handbook of Biomaterial Properties written by William Murphy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-11 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides tabular and text data relating to normal and diseased tissue materials and materials used in medical devices. Comprehensive and practical for students, researchers, engineers, and practicing physicians who use implants, this book considers the materials aspects of both implantable materials and natural tissues and fluids. Examples of materials and topics covered include titanium, elastomers, degradable biomaterials, composites, scaffold materials for tissue engineering, dental implants, sterilization effects on material properties, metallic alloys, and much more. Each chapter author considers the intrinsic and interactive properties of biomaterials, as well as their appropriate applications and historical contexts. Now in an updated second edition, this book also contains two new chapters on the cornea and on vocal folds, as well as updated insights, data, and citations for several chapters.

Download or read book Plastic Waste and Recycling written by Trevor M. Letcher and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-03-10 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plastic Waste and Recycling: Environmental Impact, Societal Issues, Prevention, and Solutions begins with an introduction to the different types of plastic materials, their uses, and the concepts of reduce, reuse and recycle before examining plastic types, chemistry and degradation patterns that are organized by non-degradable plastic, degradable and biodegradable plastics, biopolymers and bioplastics. Other sections cover current challenges relating to plastic waste, explain the sources of waste and their routes into the environment, and provide systematic coverage of plastic waste treatment methods, including mechanical processing, monomerization, blast furnace feedstocks, gasification, thermal recycling, and conversion to fuel. This is an essential guide for anyone involved in plastic waste or recycling, including researchers and advanced students across plastics engineering, polymer science, polymer chemistry, environmental science, and sustainable materials. Presents actionable solutions for reducing plastic waste, with a focus on the concepts of collection, re-use, recycling and replacement Considers major societal and environmental issues, providing the reader with a broader understanding and supporting effective implementation Includes detailed case studies from across the globe, offering unique insights into different solutions and approaches

Download or read book Basics of Precision Engineering written by Richard Leach and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-04-09 with total page 659 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in engineering precision have tracked with technological progress for hundreds of years. Over the last few decades, precision engineering has been the specific focus of research on an international scale. The outcome of this effort has been the establishment of a broad range of engineering principles and techniques that form the foundation of precision design. Today’s precision manufacturing machines and measuring instruments represent highly specialised processes that combine deterministic engineering with metrology. Spanning a broad range of technology applications, precision engineering principles frequently bring together scientific ideas drawn from mechanics, materials, optics, electronics, control, thermo-mechanics, dynamics, and software engineering. This book provides a collection of these principles in a single source. Each topic is presented at a level suitable for both undergraduate students and precision engineers in the field. Also included is a wealth of references and example problems to consolidate ideas, and help guide the interested reader to more advanced literature on specific implementations.

Download or read book Mechanical Identification of Composites written by A. Vautrin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Vehicle Dynamics written by Reza N. Jazar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 1074 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook is appropriate for senior undergraduate and first year graduate students in mechanical and automotive engineering. The contents in this book are presented at a theoretical-practical level. It explains vehicle dynamics concepts in detail, concentrating on their practical use. Related theorems and formal proofs are provided, as are real-life applications. Students, researchers and practicing engineers alike will appreciate the user-friendly presentation of a wealth of topics, most notably steering, handling, ride, and related components. This book also: Illustrates all key concepts with examples Includes exercises for each chapter Covers front, rear, and four wheel steering systems, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of different steering schemes Includes an emphasis on design throughout the text, which provides a practical, hands-on approach

Download or read book Evaluating Environmental Effects of Dredged Material Management Alternatives written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document is intended to serve as a consistent "roadmap" for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency personnel in evaluating the environmental acceptability of dredged amterial management alternatives. Specifically, its major objectives are to provide: A general technical framwork for evaluating the environmental acceptability of dredged material management, alternatives (open-water disposal, confined (diked) disposal, and beneficial uses). Additional technical guidance to augment present implementation and testing manuals for addressing the environmental acceptability of available management options for the discharge of dredged material in both ope water and confined sites. Enhanced consistency and coordination in USAC/EPA decision making in accordance with Federal environmantl statutes regulating dredged material management.

Download or read book Probability and Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences Enhanced Webassign Access written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Engineering Ceramics written by M. Bengisu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 629 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A handy reference for technicians who want to understand the nature, properties and applications, of engineering ceramics. The book meets the needs of those working in the ceramics industry, as well as of technicians and engineers involved in the application of ceramic materials.

Download or read book Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: