Download or read book Carbon Draw down Potential by the Native Eelgrass Zostera Marina in Puget Sound and Implications for Ocean Acidification Management written by Caitlin Mariko Shishido and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2012, the Washington State Blue Ribbon Panel on Ocean Acidification recommended actions to address local impacts of ocean acidification. At least two of these actions included a focus on seagrasses. Recognizing the ability of the native seagrasses Z. marina to remove carbon from seawater, the panel identified the need to "preserve Washington's existing native seagrass and kelp populations and, where possible, restore these populations" and to "develop vegetation-based systems of remediation for use in upland habitats and in shellfish areas". In this research I take the first steps to evaluate the potential utility of the native eelgrass Z. marina as a tool for mitigation of ocean acidification in Puget Sound. Using estimates of eelgrass abundance and distribution and regional estimates of net primary productivity, I estimated at relatively coarse scales the annual amount of carbon that could be removed from seawater by eelgrass via photosynthetic assimilation of carbon. I did not estimate long-term sequestration or burial. I applied a simple model to estimate the potential for carbon removal from seawater at several locations where eelgrass is present. At the basin level, rates of carbon removal by Z. marina are on the order of 1010gC y[superscript-1] for the Puget Sound Basin, and range from 108 to 1010 gC y[superscript-1] for individual sub-basins. Initial estimates suggest that at most of the selected sites, the change in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) resulting from seagrass carbon assimilation may not be sufficient to cause a pronounced shift in carbonate chemistry. This first estimate of carbon draw-down potential suggests that Z. marina has limited ability to serve as a tool to ameliorate effects of ocean acidification in Puget Sound.

Download or read book Climate Change Impacts on Fisheries and Aquaculture written by Bruce F. Phillips and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-09-20 with total page 1048 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive review of the current and future effects of climate change on the world’s fisheries and aquaculture operations The first book of its kind, Climate Change Impacts on Fisheries and Aquaculture explores the impacts of climate change on global fisheries resources and on marine aquaculture. It also offers expert suggestions on possible adaptations to reduce those impacts. The world's climate is changing more rapidly than scientists had envisioned just a few years ago, and the potential impact of climate change on world food production is quite alarming. Nowhere is the sense of alarm more keenly felt than among those who study the warming of the world's oceans. Evidence of the dire effects of climate change on fisheries and fish farming has now mounted to such an extent that the need for a book such as this has become urgent. A landmark publication devoted exclusively to how climate change is affecting and is likely to affect commercially vital fisheries and aquaculture operations globally, Climate Change Impacts on Fisheries and Aquaculture provides scientists and fishery managers with a summary of and reference point for information on the subject which has been gathered thus far. Covers an array of critical topics and assesses reviews of climate change impacts on fisheries and aquaculture from many countries, including Japan, Mexico, South Africa, Australia, Chile, US, UK, New Zealand, Pacific Islands, India and others Features chapters on the effects of climate change on pelagic species, cod, lobsters, plankton, macroalgae, seagrasses and coral reefs Reviews the spread of diseases, economic and social impacts, marine aquaculture and adaptation in aquaculture under climate change Includes special reports on the Antarctic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, the Arctic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea Extensive references throughout the book make this volume both a comprehensive text for general study and a reference/guide to further research for fisheries scientists, fisheries managers, aquaculture personnel, climate change specialists, aquatic invertebrate and vertebrate biologists, physiologists, marine biologists, economists, environmentalist biologists and planners.

Download or read book Under what Conditions Could Eelgrass Measurably Drawdown Carbon written by Tyler T. Tran and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seagrass meadows, common to coastal habitats, have been identified as potential short-term refugia for calcifying organisms from ocean acidification (OA). In nearshore, soft-sediment habitats of the Salish Sea, eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) is the dominant seagrass species, and several studies have found that eelgrass is effective at taking up inorganic carbon and maybe carbon-limited, potentially increasing uptake potential in the future. However, irradiance levels vary throughout a day and can therefore influence rates of carbon uptake and release through the relative rates of photosynthesis and respiration. Eelgrass meadows vary in terms of meadow size, shoot density and morphology, and water residence time which could affect rates of carbon uptake of eelgrass meadows and their influence on localized water chemistry. We conducted a series of mesocosm experiments manipulating pCO2, irradiance, and leaf area index (LAI)to assess how these factors interact and contribute to OA variability in the nearshore environment.

Download or read book Inventory of Eelgrass Zostera Marina L in San Francisco San Pablo Bay written by Sandy Wyllie-Echeverria and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Status of Eelgrass Zostera Marina on the North Atlantic Coast February 1938 written by Clarence Cottam and published by . This book was released on 1938 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Management of Natural Coastal Carbon Sinks written by Dan Laffoley and published by IUCN. This book was released on 2009 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Extent Density and Biomass Carbon of Eelgrass Zostera Marina Meadows in Clayoquot Sound British Columbia written by Aimee McGowan and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seagrass habitats have recently been characterized by their ability to capture and store organic carbon, known as 'blue carbon.' However, the geospatial extent and carbon storage capacity of these habitats are largely unknown on the Pacific Coast of Canada. This research quantified the areal extent of three eelgrass (Zostera marina) meadows in southern Clayoquot Sound on the Pacific Coast of Canada using remote sensing technologies and assessed the above- and belowground biomass (AGB; BGB) and living carbon content of the intertidal and subtidal zones. AGB estimates ranged from 11 ± 4 to 92 ± 51 g DW m-2, which translated into carbon stocks of 4 ± 1 to 33 ± 18 g C m-2 and are consistent with global estimates for Z. marina. BGB estimates were much lower than values for Z. marina in other regions (45 - 285 g DW m-2), ranging from 5 ± 4 g DW m-2 (2 ± 1 g C m-2) to 26 ± 20 g DW m-2 (9 ± 7 g C m-2). Low BGB in Clayoquot Sound is likely a response to sub-optimal environmental conditions, resulting in the eelgrass' shallow root system. The intertidal zone of two of our meadows, Robert Point (22,414 m2) and Grice Bay (186,468 m2), made up approximately 70% of their total meadow area (31,886 m2 and 261,667 m2, respectively), whereas the subtidal dominated at Kennedy Cove (4,318 m2), making up 80% of the meadow (5,343 m2). Mapping the intertidal and subtidal portions of each meadow allowed for biomass and living carbon estimates to be scaled up to their respective zone. After accounting for the size of each meadow, the more marine-influenced meadows, Robert Point and Kennedy Cove, had significantly higher density, biomass, and living carbon content values. Given the scarcity of data available on the extent of eelgrass meadows in Canada, regionally specific quantification of these habitats' areal extent, biomass, and carbon storage dynamics are required to accurately assess seagrasses climate change mitigation potential.

Download or read book Interactions and Dynamics of Eelgrass Zostera Marina L Epiphytes and Grazers in Subtidal Meadows of Puget Sound written by Timothy Alan Nelson and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ecological Life History of Zostera Marina L eelgrass in Puget Sound Washington written by Ronald C. Phillips and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Eelgrass written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Seagrasses as Potential Chemical Refugia for Acidification Sensitive Bivalves written by Stephanie Rae Smith and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the effect of ocean acidification (OA) on marine calcifiers is better understood, a range of potential mitigative strategies have been proposed, many of which are plagued by concerns of scale and feasibility. One oft-cited option is to increase the biomass of photosynthetic organisms to remove CO2 from the water column and facilitate organic carbon burial. Seagrasses show much promise in this regard, owing to their highly refractive tissue. Timescales of carbon burial with respect to this strategy are on the order of years to decades. Recent studies, however, demonstrate that some marine bivalves experience short windows of heightened sensitivity to OA, especially during the early larval and early post-metamorphic “juvenile” stages, which occur on timescales of hours to days. In coastal areas, carbonate chemistry is highly variable on similar timescales, due in part to photosynthetic cycles, the pattern and magnitude of which will vary due to the ecological make-up of the habitat. Therefore, we must consider the highly complex and variable nature of CO2 dynamics in seagrass habitats on short timescales when we consider their potential role in OA mitigation. We examined patterns of growth and survival in the juvenile Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) outplanted within and outside beds of two different species of seagrass, the native Zostera marina and the non-native Z. japonica, in Netarts Bay, Oregon. Z. marina and Z. japonica differ in the timing and magnitude of their growth and decay cycles and allocation of biomass above or below ground. Z. marina increased both growth and survival of C. gigas spat with the magnitude of the effects decreasing after mid-season as seagrass growth slows and there is a transition to an upwelling-dominant hydrodynamic regime. Z. japonica appeared to have a slightly negative, but not statistically significant, effect on juvenile C. gigas growth, compared to the associated bare-sand control site, with the notable exception of a reversal of the trend in June, co-incident with this seagrass’s short period of growth. We have compared bivalve success metrics (growth and survival) with P[subscript CO2] measurements within each habitat. Patterns in bivalve success metrics appear to inversely correlate with trends in daily CO2 minima over the course of the season, suggesting that bivalve success may be attributed to compensatory growth during daily low-CO2 periods associated with the seagrass’s respective growing seasons.

Download or read book Light Level as a Potential Limiting Factor in the Growth of Zostera Marina Eelgrass in the Pacific Northwest written by Mark Justin Hylarides and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From Abstract: Eelgrasses serve as important nursery habitats in the Pacific Northwest for diverse marine life and are widely recognized as indicators of coastal ecological health. Seasonal differences in respiration and Photosynthesis-Irradiance (P-I) relationships of a population of marine eelgrass Zostera marina in Rosario Bay, WA were investigated in order to characterize its growth potential in different seasons. The local light availability in situ for each season was also estimated by combining direct light measurements under different conditions with hourly weather and tide measurements. Measurement of the P-I relationship of blade sections and extrapolation to whole plants demonstrated that sufficient light is present even in the lowest-light season (winter) so that clean eelgrass is able to at least support its metabolism by photosynthesis and experience net growth. However, epiphytic algae living on the blades of Z. marina likely reduces its access to light, especially in summer, and could potentially lead to light limiting conditions.

Download or read book Effects of Hypoxia and Sulfide Intrusion on Eelgrass Zostera Marina written by Melissa Ciesielski and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Investigating Perennial Annual Eelgrass Zostera Marina L in Padilla Bay as Potential Donor Sources for Seed based Restoration written by Yuki Wilmerding and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper explores recovery of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) meadows through seed-based restoration to address declines from natural and anthropogenic disturbances. The study focuses on the Joe Leary meadow site in Padilla Bay, Washington, aiming to (1) determine the spatial distribution of perennial and annual Z. marina, (2) understand variation in flowering shoot density and potential seed production, and (3) compare the phenology of flowering shoots. These objectives were investigated using field-based methods to collect presence/absence transect data for delineation, quadrat-based count data, and monitor seed development. Data collection occurred in the summer throughout the flowering life stage of eelgrass in the site. The study found spatial and temporal variation in the distribution, density, and phenology of flowering perennial and annual populations. Delineation methods revealed that annuals have a similar range in the intertidal as perennials, with differences highlighted in response to potential stress indicators such as proximity to the slough, algal mats, or elevation. Quadrat-based monitoring found annual shoots in the transect higher in the intertidal, above the perennial population. Phenology data indicated that perennial shoots flower about a month prior to annual shoots. While the study advises against using perennial flowering shoots for restoration due to low densities, it emphasizes Joe Leary's potential as a donor site for flowering annuals for seed-based restoration. Careful considerations are crucial to avoid unintended introductions of non-native species. The research concludes with recommendations for refining delineation methods, enhancing understanding of eelgrass population dynamics, and optimizing seed collection strategies for genetically diverse and resilient restoration in the face of climate change.

Download or read book Seasonal Variation of Carbon Uptake and Translocation by Eelgrass Zostera Marina L in Great South Bay New York written by Betty Ann Adamson and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Search for Blue Carbon in Central Salish Sea Eelgrass Meadows written by Mira Diana Lutz and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study quantified eelgrass (Zostera marina) sediment organic carbon and carbon sequestration rates in Skagit County, Wa, in sites likely to support organic content and sediment accretion, the key components for carbon sequestration. These data may inform eelgrass-specific projects aimed at mitigating climate change through the protection and restoration of "blue carbon" ecosystems. Blue carbon is the carbon stored or emitted by coastal wetlands, which have the capacity to sequester more organic carbon (OC) than equivalent areas of mature forest. This study follows recent research from a single site within Padilla Bay, Wa. (Padilla transect), reporting OC stock approximately three times lower and sequestration rates nearly five times lower than reported global seagrass (all species) averages. The Padilla transect study sampled in the intertidal zone of one established transect in northern Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. This site has minimal terrestrial sediment input and low or negative sediment accretion rates. These limitations inspired a search for higher OC storage and sequestration values by expanding the study area to include two bays with active river distributaries and selecting sites likely to support organic content and sediment accretion a priori. Site criteria included location within eelgrass meadows having a combination of similar canopy heights and stem densities but lower elevations, and closer proximities to distributary mouths of active river systems than in the Padilla transect. Study objectives were to: a) quantify OC stocks and sequestration rates in the expanded study area in sites expected to support C sequestration b) compare these values to those from the Padilla transect and to those from widespread Zostera marina studies and global seagrass meadow averages, and c) identify site characteristics associated with higher OC where found. We measured stem density, canopy height, depth below mean lower low water (MLLW), and sediment compaction in the field, and analyzed sediment samples for bulk density, carbon concentration by direct C-analysis and loss on ignition (LOI), sediment accretion rate from gamma ray spectroscopy of 210Pb activity levels, and sediment grain size in the lab. Considering site selection in areas expected to support C sequestration, results may be considered within the upper bounds of the ranges found within our study area. The overall mean % OC± SE over 3 bays was 0.43 ± 0.01 %, with a range of 0.17% to 3.66% (n=20). Overall mean OC density ± SE was 0.0058 ± 0.0001 g cm-3 and ranged from 0.0018 to 0.0479 g cm-3 (n=20). Organic C stock to 50cm ± SE was 27.10 ± 1.40 Mg ha-1, with a range of 15.23-49.20 Mg ha-1 and SE=1.96 (n=20). The mean carbon sequestration rate ± SE was 43.88 ± 9.19 g C m-2 yr-1, ranging from 13.90 to 93.04, SE=17.04, (n=7), which should be considered the upper bounds of possible rates in this infauna-rich region. We found higher OC sequestration rates in our study than in the Padilla transect study (F = 8.41, p = 0.01 on 1 and 10 df) however, there were no differences in % OC (F = 0.26, p = 0.62 on 1 and 13 df) nor OC stock (F = 1.86, p = 0.20 on 1 and 13 df) between studies. Like the Padilla transect study, organic C values in our study were also 3-5 times lower than estimated global averages for % OC, OC stock, and OC sequestration rates, but within the range reported by five studies conducted in Zostera marina meadows worldwide. Percent sediment pore space explained most of the variation in OC stock. We conclude that within-meadow eelgrass OC increases with environmental factors contributing to the accretion of fine sediments which increase porosity, that Z. marina meadows in the Pacific Northwest and elsewhere exhibit far lower OC values than global averages for all seagrass species, which may be due to key factors preventing it from thriving in areas conducive to high C sequestration. We recommend that region- and site-specific C values be considered when valuing restoration projects to avoid underestimation of eelgrass area required to offset emissions "purchased" through the voluntary or compliance (cap and trade) C markets

Download or read book Native Eelgrass Zostera Marina Mediates Growth and Reproduction of an Introduced Marine Bivalve Through Food Limitation written by Bengt J. Allen and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: