Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Populations and Communities written by Fakhri A. Bazzaz and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-07-17 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In past decades and in association with a continuing global industrial development, the global atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide has been rising. Among the many predictions made concerning this disturbing trend is global warming sufficient to melt polar ice-caps thereby dramatically altering existing shorelines. This book will help fill an obvious gap in the carbon dioxide debate by substituting date for speculation. * * Includes contributions from leading authorities around the world * Serves as a companion to Carbon Dioxide and Terrestrial Ecosystems * The first book of its kind to explore evolutionary responses of both populations and communities to elevated carbon dioxide
Download or read book Carbon Dioxide and Environmental Stress written by Luo Yiqi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-04-13 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the interactive effects of environmental stresses with plant and ecosystem functions, especially with respect to changes in the abundance of carbon dioxide. The interaction of stresses with elevated carbon dioxide are presented from the cellular through whole plant ecosystem level. The book carefully considers not only the responses of the above-ground portion of the plant, but also emphasizes the critical role of below-ground (rhizosphere) components (e.g., roots, microbes, soil) in determining the nature and magnitude of these interactions. * Will rising CO2 alter the importance of environmental stress in natural and agricultural ecosystems?* Will environmental stress on plants reduce their capacity to remove CO2 from the atmosphere?* Are some stresses more important than others as we concern ourselves with global change?* Can we develop predictive models useful for scientists and policy-makers?* Where should future research efforts be focused?
Download or read book Climate Change And Society written by William W. Kellogg and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-01 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As man's ability to disrupt the climate becomes increasingly apparent,evidence is mounting that human-activity-induced climate changes may well rival anything nature can produce. If the consensus of the international climatological community is correct, and if worldwide use of fossil fuel continues to increase atmospheric carbon dioxide, mankind is
Download or read book Managing Water Resources in the West Under Conditions of Climate Uncertainty written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1991-02-01 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The question of whether the earth's climate is changing in some significant human-induced way remains a matter of much debate. But the fact that climate is variable over time is well known. These two elements of climatic uncertainty affect water resources planning and management in the American West. Managing Water Resources in the West Under Conditions of Climate Uncertainty examines the scientific basis for predictions of climate change, the implications of climate uncertainty for water resources management, and the management options available for responding to climate variability and potential climate change.
Download or read book Elevated Carbon Dioxide Accelerates the Spatial Turnover of Soil Microbial Communities written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although elevated CO2 (eCO2) significantly affects the -diversity, composition, function, interaction and dynamics of soil microbial communities at the local scale, little is known about eCO2 impacts on the geographic distribution of micro-organisms regionally or globally. Here, we examined the -diversity of 110 soil microbial communities across six free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experimental sites using a high-throughput functional gene array. The -diversity of soil microbial communities was significantly (P
Download or read book The Effect of Rising Carbon Dioxide on Communities of Freshwater Phytoplankton written by Egor Katkov and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Human activities, such as CO2 emissions are altering aquatic ecosystems in ways that are not fully understood. Because phytoplankton are essential organisms, forming the base of pelagic aquatic food webs, I focus on this group to help us understand how lake ecosystems respond to anthropogenic change. Specifically, I focus on the response of total phytoplankton biomass and community composition to increasing pCO2 in concert with (1) nutrient enrichment, (2) increasing temperatures, and (3) organismal evolution.In the first chapter, I investigated whether CO2 can act as a co-limiting resource that can promote phytoplankton growth and alter community composition across different times of the year. I conducted experiments using mesocosms suspended in a temperate mesotrophic lake, and designed them to evaluate the interactive effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, and CO2 enrichment in the months of July, August, October, April and June. I found that, in some seasons, CO2 acted as a co-limiting factor with phosphorus when nitrogen was also added. The phytoplankton community was affected by all three resources in diverse ways at different times of the year. I concluded that CO2 can affect the community composition and be a co-limiting factor for freshwater phytoplankton communities, especially when other resources are abundant, as is typical in eutrophic lakes.In chapter two, I investigated the interactive effect of CO2 and temperature on phytoplankton and zooplankton communities, two highly inter-related factors in the context of climate change. In the same lake as Chapter 1, I ran a single mesocom experiment in late Fall over four weeks. I did not detect an interactive effect between CO2 and temperature, although both factors had independent and additive effects on the phytoplankton community, and temperature altered zooplankton community composition. Additionally, CO2 altered the stoichiometry of the seston, which has been shown in other studies to affect zooplankton food quality. I concluded that, although no evidence for interactive effects was found, CO2 and temperature can have independent and additive effects across and multiple trophic levels in freshwater ecosystems.The third chapter deals with the evolutionary potential of phytoplankton species responding to changing atmospheric CO2 concentrations. I developed an eco-evolutionary model where phytoplankton growth depends on the influx of atmospheric CO2 and carbon uptake kinetics can evolve to trade off maximum carbon flux for affinity. At equilibrium, I found that populations adapted by optimizing carbon uptake to environmental conditions, which, in modelled monocultures, allowed populations to reach higher biomass, and in multi-species communities, allowed certain species to gain an unexpected advantage over others. The biomass increases depended on the species-specific parameters and concentrations of atmospheric CO2 and initial HCO3. I concluded that evolution in the context of changing pCO2 can affect community composition and generate greater biomass increases than expected from CO2 co-limitation alone.In sum, I found that biomass and composition of freshwater phytoplankton communities can be affected by increases in pCO2, by co-limitation, potentially in concert with factors like temperature, and evolution. One key observation and conclusion across all chapters of this thesis is the ecological and evolutionary effects of CO2 are generally small (compared to eutrophication) and may be involved in complex interactions. Such small effect sizes may seem to make it unnecessary to study the effects of enriched CO2. However, the fact that pCO2 concentrations are increasing worldwide, that even a small but large-scale effect can be significant, and that freshwaters are fragile but essential ecosystems, at the mercy of countless potentially interacting human activities, emphasizes the importance of understanding the impact of high pCO2 on freshwater communities"--
Download or read book Carbon Dioxide and Terrestrial Ecosystems written by George W. Koch and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1995-12-21 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance of carbon dioxide extends from cellular to global levels of organization and potential ecological deterioration may be the result of increased CO2 in our atmosphere. Recently, the research emphasis shifted from studies of photosynthesis pathways and plant growth to ground-breaking studies of carbon dioxide balances in ecosystems, regions, and even the entire globe. Carbon Dioxide and Terrestrial Ecosystems addresses these new areas of research. Economically important woody ecosystems are emphasized because they have substantial influence on global carbon dioxide balances. Herbaceous ecosystems (e.g., grasslands, prairies, wetlands) and crop ecosystems are also covered. The interactions among organisms, communities, and ecosystems are modeled, and the book closes with an important synthesis of this growing nexus of research. Carbon Dioxide and Terrestrial Ecosystems is a compilation of detailed scientific studies that reveal how ecosystems generally, and particular plants specifically, respond to changed levels of carbon dioxide. Contributions from an international team of experts Empirical examination of the actual effects of carbon dioxide Variety of terrestrial habitats investigated Specific plants and whole ecosystems offered as studies
Download or read book Valuing Climate Damages written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-06-23 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The social cost of carbon (SC-CO2) is an economic metric intended to provide a comprehensive estimate of the net damages - that is, the monetized value of the net impacts, both negative and positive - from the global climate change that results from a small (1-metric ton) increase in carbon-dioxide (CO2) emissions. Under Executive Orders regarding regulatory impact analysis and as required by a court ruling, the U.S. government has since 2008 used estimates of the SC-CO2 in federal rulemakings to value the costs and benefits associated with changes in CO2 emissions. In 2010, the Interagency Working Group on the Social Cost of Greenhouse Gases (IWG) developed a methodology for estimating the SC-CO2 across a range of assumptions about future socioeconomic and physical earth systems. Valuing Climate Changes examines potential approaches, along with their relative merits and challenges, for a comprehensive update to the current methodology. This publication also recommends near- and longer-term research priorities to ensure that the SC- CO2 estimates reflect the best available science.
Download or read book Climate Change written by The Royal Society and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-02-26 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate Change: Evidence and Causes is a jointly produced publication of The US National Academy of Sciences and The Royal Society. Written by a UK-US team of leading climate scientists and reviewed by climate scientists and others, the publication is intended as a brief, readable reference document for decision makers, policy makers, educators, and other individuals seeking authoritative information on the some of the questions that continue to be asked. Climate Change makes clear what is well-established and where understanding is still developing. It echoes and builds upon the long history of climate-related work from both national academies, as well as on the newest climate-change assessment from the United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. It touches on current areas of active debate and ongoing research, such as the link between ocean heat content and the rate of warming.
Download or read book Population Dynamics and Climate Change written by José Miguel Guzmán and published by UN. This book was released on 2009 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book broadens and deepens understanding of a wide range of population-climate change linkages. Incorporating population dynamics into research, policymaking and advocacy around climate change is critical for understanding trajectory of global greenhouse gas emissions, for developing and implementing adaptation plans and thus for global and national efforts to curtail this threat. The papers in this volume provide a substantive and methodological guide to the current state of knowledge on issues such as population growth and size and emissions; population vulnerability and adaptation linked to health, gender disparities and children; migration and urbanization; and the data and analytical needs for the next stages of policy-relevant research.
Download or read book Climate Change And Society written by William Welch Kellogg and published by Westview Press. This book was released on 1981-02-04 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Population and Climate Change written by Brian C. O'Neill and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First systematic in-depth treatment of links between population and climate change, for researchers, policy-makers and students.
Download or read book Review of the Draft Fourth National Climate Assessment written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-06-18 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change poses many challenges that affect society and the natural world. With these challenges, however, come opportunities to respond. By taking steps to adapt to and mitigate climate change, the risks to society and the impacts of continued climate change can be lessened. The National Climate Assessment, coordinated by the U.S. Global Change Research Program, is a mandated report intended to inform response decisions. Required to be developed every four years, these reports provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date evaluation of climate change impacts available for the United States, making them a unique and important climate change document. The draft Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4) report reviewed here addresses a wide range of topics of high importance to the United States and society more broadly, extending from human health and community well-being, to the built environment, to businesses and economies, to ecosystems and natural resources. This report evaluates the draft NCA4 to determine if it meets the requirements of the federal mandate, whether it provides accurate information grounded in the scientific literature, and whether it effectively communicates climate science, impacts, and responses for general audiences including the public, decision makers, and other stakeholders.
Download or read book Ocean Acidification written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-09-14 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ocean has absorbed a significant portion of all human-made carbon dioxide emissions. This benefits human society by moderating the rate of climate change, but also causes unprecedented changes to ocean chemistry. Carbon dioxide taken up by the ocean decreases the pH of the water and leads to a suite of chemical changes collectively known as ocean acidification. The long term consequences of ocean acidification are not known, but are expected to result in changes to many ecosystems and the services they provide to society. Ocean Acidification: A National Strategy to Meet the Challenges of a Changing Ocean reviews the current state of knowledge, explores gaps in understanding, and identifies several key findings. Like climate change, ocean acidification is a growing global problem that will intensify with continued CO2 emissions and has the potential to change marine ecosystems and affect benefits to society. The federal government has taken positive initial steps by developing a national ocean acidification program, but more information is needed to fully understand and address the threat that ocean acidification may pose to marine ecosystems and the services they provide. In addition, a global observation network of chemical and biological sensors is needed to monitor changes in ocean conditions attributable to acidification.
Download or read book Comparative Effects of Carbon Dioxide Enrichment and PH Change on Phytoplankton Communities in SRS Carolina Bay Restoration Efforts Progress Report April 1994 March 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Impacts of land-use activities on wetland ecosystems are important issues for environmental planners, conservation groups, and government agencies. This project at DOE's Savannah River Site focused its year one efforts on population changes produced by effects of changes in pH and CO2 resulting from simulated aquatic ecosystem successional processes. Results are being compared with phytoplankton changes induce by added nutrients.
Download or read book Communities and Ecosystems written by David A. Wardle and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2002-05-12 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil.
Download or read book Plants and Climate Change written by Jelte Rozema and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-01-19 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on how climate affects or affected the biosphere and vice versa both in the present and in the past. The chapters describe how ecosystems from the Antarctic and Arctic, and from other latitudes, respond to global climate change. The papers highlight plant responses to atmospheric CO2 increase, to global warming and to increased ultraviolet-B radiation as a result of stratospheric ozone depletion.
