Download or read book Carbon Based Electrodes for High Performance Sodium Ion Batteries and Their Interfacial Electrochemistry written by Jun Zhang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-12-03 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the development of high-performance carbon electrodes for sodium ion batteries (SIBs). By proposing folded-graphene as the high-density cathode with excellent rate capability, it provides insight into the interplay between oxygen functional groups and folded texture. It also highlights the superiority of ether electrolytes matching with carbon anodes, which are shown to deliver largely improved electrochemical performance. The achievements presented offer a valuable contribution to the carbon-based electrodes in SIBs.

Download or read book Na ion Batteries written by and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-05-11 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers both the fundamental and applied aspects of advanced Na-ion batteries (NIB) which have proven to be a potential challenger to Li-ion batteries. Both the chemistry and design of positive and negative electrode materials are examined. In NIB, the electrolyte is also a crucial part of the batteries and the recent research, showing a possible alternative to classical electrolytes – with the development of ionic liquid-based electrolytes – is also explored. Cycling performance in NIB is also strongly associated with the quality of the electrode-electrolyte interface, where electrolyte degradation takes place; thus, Na-ion Batteries details the recent achievements in furthering knowledge of this interface. Finally, as the ultimate goal is commercialization of this new electrical storage technology, the last chapters are dedicated to the industrial point of view, given by two startup companies, who developed two different NIB chemistries for complementary applications and markets.

Download or read book Carbon Materials for Catalysis written by Philippe Serp and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-02-04 with total page 603 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first comprehensive book covering all aspects of the use of carbonaceous materials in heterogeneous catalysis. It covers the preparation and characterization of carbon supports and carbon-supported catalysts; carbon surface chemistry in catalysis; the description of catalytic, photo-catalytic, or electro-catalytic reactions, including the development of new carbon materials such as carbon xerogels, aerogels, or carbon nanotubes; and new carbon-based materials in catalytic or adsorption processes. This is a premier reference for carbon, inorganic, and physical chemists, materials scientists and engineers, chemical engineers, and others.

Download or read book Electrochemistry of Carbon Electrodes written by Richard C. Alkire and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-03-31 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book sets the standard on carbon materials for electrode design. For the first time, the leading experts in this field summarize the preparation techniques and specific characteristics together with established and potential applications of the different types of carbon-based electrodes. An introductory chapter on the properties of carbon together with chapters on the electrochemical characteristics and properties of the different modifications of carbon such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon fiber, diamond or highly ordered pyrolytic graphite provide the reader with the basics on this fascinating and ubiquitous electrode material. Cutting-edge technologies such as carbon electrodes in efficient supercapacitors, Li-ion batteries and fuel cells, or electrodes prepared by screen-printing are discussed, giving a complete but concise overview about the topic. The clearly structured book helps newcomers to grasp easily the principles of carbon-based electrodes, while researchers in fundamental and applied electrochemistry will find new ideas for further research on related key technologies.

Download or read book Carbon and Metal Oxide Based Electrode Materials for Sodium Ion Batteries and Sodium Ion Capacitors written by Jia Ding and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis is focused on the design and fabrication of carbon-based electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) and sodium-ion capacitors (NICs), as well as metal oxide (SnO2) based anode material for NIBs and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Na ion based energy storage systems are attracting significant interest as a potential lower cost alternative to Li ion based systems due to the geographically democratic reserves of the sodium metal. In its infancy, there is a strong demand for suitable electrode materials. In our first attempt, we created carbon materials (CPM-A) as NIB anodes, which exhibited many attractive electrochemical properties, similar to graphite as a LIB anode. An abundant wild plant, peat moss was chosen as the carbon precursor. The highly cross-linked polymer tissue of peat moss suppressed the nucleation of equilibrium graphite phase at high temperatures, instead transforming into highly ordered pseudographitic domains with substantially larger interlayer spacing (0.388nm) than that of graphite (0.335nm). These domains can provide Na intercalation sites analogous to the Li storage sites in graphite. By inheriting the unique cellular structure of peat moss leaves, CPM-A were composed of 3D macroporous frameworks of carbon nanosheets, which not only provided facile electrolyte access pathways but also greatly reduced the Na bulk diffusion distances. Benefiting from all these superiorities, the best CPM-A anode exhibited many highly desirable features, including low capacity voltage, negligible voltage hysteresis, high Coulombic efficiency, good cycling retention and high rate capacity. Based on this set of CPM-A specimens with tunable graphitic order, surface area and heteroatoms level, we also discovered the inner correlation between the physical/chemical properties of carbon and the galvanostatic voltage profile of the corresponding NIB anode, which provided important guidance for future carbon NIB anode design and preparation. In our second attempt, we built a Na-ion based hybrid capacitor device (NIC) which has spanned the energy-power divide between the traditional batteries and supercapacitors. Both the anode carbon and cathode carbon were entirely derived from a highly economical biowaste: peanut shell. By skillfully utilizing the heterogeneous tissue of peanut shell, an adsorption cathode carbon (PSNC) and an intercalation anode carbon (PSOC) were prepared using the outer and inner skin of peanut shell, respectively. The cathode carbon has a high surface area, a high level of oxygen doping and a unique hierarchically porous architecture, which all positively contribute to the excellent capacitive performance. On the contrary, the anode carbon is highly ordered with low surface area and low heteroatom doping, and thus provides large intercalation capacity in the low voltage region. By pre-sodiating the anode, the working voltage windows of both the cathode and anode in the full NIC cell were optimized. In more detail, the cathode swung within a wide voltage window from 1.5 to 4.2V hence the high adsorption capacity of PSNC was fully utilized. The anode was restricted within the low voltage region (below 0.1V), in order to achieve the largest possible working voltage window for the full device. Benefiting from the excellent electrochemical properties of electrode materials and the optimized working style of the electrodes, the resultant NIC devices can offer a state-of-the-art cyclically stable combination of energy and power densities, even comparable to the performances of previously reported Li-ion capacitors (LICs). In the third attempt, we tried to develop anode materials with high volumetric capacity for NIBs. SnO2 was chosen as the active material. A glucose mediated self-assembling method was employed to prepare a novel SnO2-carbon nanocomposite, which exhibited very promising cyclability and rate behavior as both a NIB and LIB anode. In addition to the advanced material synthesis, we also made systemic investigation on the fundamental energy storage mechanism of SnO2 anodes. Combining characterization methods of TEM, XRD and XPS, the phase transformations of SnO2 during the sodiation/desodiation, lithiation/delithiation processes have been studied in detail. These analyses have revealed the inner cause of the capacity discrepancy for SnO2 anode between Li and Na systems, which although frequently observed has never been explained. The much lower capacity of SnO2 anode against Na is due to the kinetic difficulty of Na-Sn alloying reaction to reach the terminal Na15Sn4 intermetallic. Therefore, a large portion of the active material only shuffles between SnO2 and Sn+NaO2. The characterization data also revealed a critical difference in the conversion reactions between the two systems. LiO2 is reduced directly to SnO2 and Li, whereas the NaO2 to SnO2 reaction proceeds through an intermediate SnO phase. These fundamental findings have great significance for future SnO2 anode development.

Download or read book Carbons for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion Systems written by Francois Beguin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-11-18 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As carbons are widely used in energy storage and conversion systems, there is a rapidly growing need for an updated book that describes their physical, chemical, and electrochemical properties. Edited by those responsible for initiating the most progressive conference on Carbon for Energy Storage and Environment Protection (CESEP), this book undoub

Download or read book Sodium Ion Capacitors written by Guoqiang Zou and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-09-27 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sodium-Ion Capacitors Enables readers to quickly understand core issues and field development of sodium-ion capacitors Sodium-Ion Capacitors summarizes and outlines the dynamics and development of sodium-ion capacitors, covering key aspects of the technology including background, classification and configuration, key technologies, and more, allowing readers to gain an understanding of sodium-ion capacitors from the perspective of both industrial technology and electrochemistry. Sodium-Ion Capacitors includes information on: EDLC-type mechanism of SCs and battery-type mechanism of SIBs, definition and types of pseudocapacitance, and energy storage mechanism of pseudocapacitors Cathode materials for sodium-ion capacitors, covering EDLC cathode materials, carbon nanotubes, reduced graphene oxide, and hollow carbon microspheres Flexible battery-type anode and capacitive cathode SICs cell configurations, including flexible electrodes based on carbon nanofiber, graphene substrates, carbon cloth, MXenes, and metal foil Pre-sodiation technologies, covering operation with Li metal, usage of Li-based alternatives, and the sacrificial additives method Summarizing the development, directions, potential, and core issues of sodium-ion capacitors, Sodium-Ion Capacitors is an essential resource on the subject for materials scientists, solid-state chemists and electrochemists, and semiconductor physicists in both industry and academia.

Download or read book Carbon Alloys written by E. Yasuda and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-03-05 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years the Japanese have funded a comprehensive study of carbon materials which incorporate other elements including boron, nitrogen and fluorine, hence the title of the project "Carbon Alloys".Coined in 1992, the phrase "Carbon Alloys" can be applied to those materials mainly composed of carbon materials in multi-component systems. The carbon atoms of each component have a physical and/or chemical interactive relationship with other atoms or compounds. The carbon atoms of the components may have different hybrid bonding orbitals to create quite different carbon components.Eiichi Yasuda and his team consider the definition of Carbon Alloys, present the results of the Carbon Alloys projects, describe typical Carbon Alloys and their uses, discuss recent techniques for their characterization, and finally, illustrate potential applications and future developments for Carbon Alloy science. The book contains over thirty chapters on these studies from as many researchers.The most modern of techniques, particularly in the area of spectroscopy, were used as diagnostic tools, and many of these are applicable to pure carbons also. Porosity in carbons received considerable attention.

Download or read book Development of Flexible Carbon based Electrochemical Energy Storage Electrodes written by Ricky Tjandra and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research into energy storage and conversion technologies has skyrocketed within the past few decades, motivated by the increased energy demands of our society and the threat of depleting energy sources. One of the exciting forefronts of energy storage research is the development of flexible electrochemical energy storage systems. This area of active research is fueled by the popularity of the Internet-of-Things (IOT), smart wearables/clothing and flexible electronics. A distinct lack of commercially available electrochemical energy storage options that can be flexed, bent, stretched and twisted is currently available to power these devices. Instead, most of today's flexible electronic and wearables rely on rigid cell formats such as cylindrical and prismatic cells. The problem of flexible energy storage devices can be broken down into 2 deficiencies: the lack of flexible electrodes that can match the performance of their rigid counterparts and the lack of high-performance solid-state electrolytes. Carbon-based materials, especially nanoscale materials such as graphene, are a potential solution to this problem due to their electronic conductivity, relative abundance, energy storage capabilities, and ability to be used in all parts of the energy storage system. All the work presented in this thesis involves the development and applications of carbon-based materials for flexible electrochemical energy storage systems. This thesis will explore two different pathways of achieving flexible electrodes based on carbon-based materials: - Replacement of non-flexible metal foil current collectors using flexible carbon-based current collectors - Elimination of current collectors and binders by using carbon-based, free-standing materials Firstly, this thesis will explore the use of carbon cloth as a substrate for a novel TiO2 nanocrystal material for use as an anode in flexible lithium-ion supercapacitors. Although lithium-ion supercapacitors are the focus of this study, the same composite material can also be used as an anode in traditional lithium-ion batteries. The resulting carbon cloth/TiO2 composite is able to withstand 100 flexion cycles while still retaining its energy storage capabilities, showing the advantage of the carbon cloth as a substrate when compared to traditional metal foils. The composite is also successfully integrated into a flexible pouch cell that delivers an excellent reversible capacity of 270 mAh g-1. This work establishes that carbon cloth can be used to replace metal foils as a flexible current collector without sacrificing electrochemical performance. Secondly, this thesis explores the use of a nitrogen-rich carbon foam based on the carbonization of melamine formaldehyde and graphene oxide for use in lithium-ion hybrid capacitors. The foam presented here can be used as-is as a flexible, free-standing, binder-free anode for lithium-ion hybrid capacitors/batteries. Furthermore, the foam can also be used as a 3-dimensional current collector for other active materials both in the anode and the cathode, which demonstrates its versatility for electrochemical energy storage systems. An all-carbon based lithium-ion hybrid supercapacitor has been fabricated using the foam as both an active material for the anode and the current collector for the activated carbon cathode. The cell shown in this chapter achieved an energy density of 40 Wh kg-1 which is superior to that reported in the literature that are based purely on carbon materials. The work presents a novel carbon-based flexible electrode material and concept device that also enables the removal of binders and current collectors from traditional batteries and supercapacitors, bringing us one step closer to achieving a fully flexible electrochemical energy storage system. Finally, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have been synthesized using a simple peroxide-assisted method. The GQDs are then electrodeposited onto carbon cloth to make an all-carbon, binder-free, flexible electrode for supercapacitors. This work builds off the TiO2/carbon cloth composite by replacing the TiO2 with a carbon-based nanomaterial. Presently reported research has involved the use of GQDs either in conjunction with another active material or used as an active material on rigid, planar substrates. We have shown that GQDs can function as a stand-alone active material for EDLC capacitors. At the time of writing, this work shows the first such use of GQDs on a non-planar, flexible substrate for supercapacitors. All the work in this thesis centers around the use of carbon-based materials and their composites towards the development of flexible electrodes for lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors and their hybrids. This thesis provides insights into the viability of using various carbon-based materials in different aspects of flexible electrodes and provides a basis for future investigations into this topic.

Download or read book Sodium Ion Batteries written by Inamuddin and published by Materials Research Forum LLC. This book was released on 2020-07-05 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sodium-ion batteries are likely to be the next-generation power sources. They offer higher safety than lithium-ion batteries and, most important, sodium is available in unlimited abundance. The book covers the fundamental principles and applications of sodium-ion batteries and reports experimental work on the use of electrolytes and different electrode materials, such as silicon, carbon, conducting polymers, and Mn- and Sn-based materials. Also discussed are state-of-the-art, future prospects and challenges in sodium-ion battery technology. Keywords: Sodium-Ion Batteries, Lithium-Ion Batteries, Carbon Nanofibers, Conducting Polymers, Electrode Materials, Electrolytes, Graphene, Carbon Anodes, Magnetic Nanomaterials, Mn-based Materials, Sn-based Materials, Na-O2 Batteries, NASICON Electrodes, Organic Electrodes, Polyacetylene, Polyaniline, Polyphenylene, Redox Mediators, Reversible Capacity, Singlet Oxygen, Superoxide Stability.

Download or read book Modeling Transport Phenomena in Porous Media with Applications written by Malay K. Das and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-21 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an ensemble of six major chapters, an introduction, and a closure on modeling transport phenomena in porous media with applications. Two of the six chapters explain the underlying theories, whereas the rest focus on new applications. Porous media transport is essentially a multi-scale process. Accordingly, the related theory described in the second and third chapters covers both continuum‐ and meso‐scale phenomena. Examining the continuum formulation imparts rigor to the empirical porous media models, while the mesoscopic model focuses on the physical processes within the pores. Porous media models are discussed in the context of a few important engineering applications. These include biomedical problems, gas hydrate reservoirs, regenerators, and fuel cells. The discussion reveals the strengths and weaknesses of existing models as well as future research directions.

Download or read book Fundamentals and perspectives of electrolyte additives for non aqueous Na ion batteries written by Vadim Shipitsyn and published by OAE Publishing Inc.. This book was released on 2023-09-01 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite extensive research efforts to develop non-aqueous sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) as alternatives to lithium-based energy storage battery systems, their performance is still hindered by electrode-electrolyte side reactions. As a feasible strategy, the engineering of electrolyte additives has been regarded as one of the effective ways to address these critical problems. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent progress in electrolyte additives for non-aqueous SIBs. We classify the additives based on their effects on specific electrode materials and discuss the functions and mechanisms of each additive category. Finally, we propose future directions for electrolyte additive research, including studies on additives for improving cell performance under extreme conditions, optimizing electrolyte additive combinations, understanding the effect of additives on cathode-anode interactions, and understanding the characteristics of electrolyte additives.

Download or read book Electrode Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion written by Mesfin A. Kebede and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-11-17 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments and materials used in electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices, including lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, zinc-ion batteries, supercapacitors and conversion materials for solar and fuel cells. Chapters introduce the technologies behind each material, in addition to the fundamental principles of the devices, and their wider impact and contribution to the field. This book will be an ideal reference for researchers and individuals working in industries based on energy storage and conversion technologies across physics, chemistry and engineering. FEATURES Edited by established authorities, with chapter contributions from subject-area specialists Provides a comprehensive review of the field Up to date with the latest developments and research Editors Dr. Mesfin A. Kebede obtained his PhD in Metallurgical Engineering from Inha University, South Korea. He is now a principal research scientist at Energy Centre of Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), South Africa. He was previously an assistant professor in the Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science at Hawassa University, Ethiopia. His extensive research experience covers the use of electrode materials for energy storage and energy conversion. Prof. Fabian I. Ezema is a professor at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. He obtained his PhD in Physics and Astronomy from University of Nigeria, Nsukka. His research focuses on several areas of materials science with an emphasis on energy applications, specifically electrode materials for energy conversion and storage.

Download or read book Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices written by Poulomi Roy and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-10-14 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy storage devices are considered to be an important field of interest for researchers worldwide. Batteries and supercapacitors are therefore extensively studied and progressively evolving. The book not only emphasizes the fundamental theories, electrochemical mechanism and its computational view point, but also discusses recent developments in electrode designing based on nanomaterials, separators, fabrication of advanced devices and their performances.

Download or read book Functional Carbon Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage written by Huihui Zhou and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to harvest and convert solar energy has been associated with the evolution of human civilization. The increasing consumption of fossil fuels since the industrial revolution, however, has brought to concerns in ecological deterioration and depletion of the fossil fuels. Facing these challenges, humankind is forced to seek for clean, sustainable and renewable energy resources, such as biofuels, hydraulic power, wind power, geothermal energy and other kinds of alternative energies. However, most alternative energy sources, generally in the form of electrical energy, could not be made available on a continuous basis. It is, therefore, essential to store such energy into chemical energy, which are portable and various applications. In this context, electrochemical energy-storage devices hold great promises towards this goal. The most common electrochemical energy-storage devices are electrochemical capacitors (ECs, also called supercapacitors) and batteries. In comparison to batteries, ECs posses high power density, high efficiency, long cycling life and low cost. ECs commonly utilize carbon as both (symmetric) or one of the electrodes (asymmetric), of which their performance is generally limited by the capacitance of the carbon electrodes. Therefore, developing better carbon materials with high energy density has been emerging as one the most essential challenges in the field. The primary objective of this dissertation is to design and synthesize functional carbon materials with high energy density at both aqueous and organic electrolyte systems. The energy density (E) of ECs are governed by E = CV2/2, where C is the total capacitance and V is the voltage of the devices. Carbon electrodes with high capacitance and high working voltage should lead to high energy density. In the first part of this thesis, a new class of nanoporous carbons were synthesized for symmetric supercapacitors using aqueous Li2SO4 as the electrolyte. A unique precursor was adopted to create uniformly distributed nanopores with large surface area, leading to high-performance electrodes with high capacitance, excellent rate performance and stable cycling, even under a high working voltage of 1.6V. The second part of this dissertation work further improved the capacitance of the carbon electrodes by fluorine doping. This doping process enhances the affinity of the carbon surface with organic electrolytes, leading to further improved capacitance and energy density. In the third part, carbon materials were synthesized with high surface area, capacitance and working voltage of 4V in organic electrolyte, leading to the construction of prototyped devices with energy density comparable to those of the current lead-acid batteries. Besides the abovementioned research, hierarchical graphitic carbons were also explored for lithium ion batteries and supercapacitors. Overall, through rational design of carbons with optimized pore configuration and surface chemistry, carbon electrodes with improved energy density and rate performance were improved significantly. Collectively, this thesis work systematically unveils simple yet effective strategies to achieve high performance carbon-based supercapacitors with high power density and high energy density, including the following aspects: 1) Constructed electrodes with high capacitance through building favorable ion/electron transportation pathways, tuning pore structure and pore size. 2) Improved the capacitance through enhancing the affinity between the carbon electrodes and electrolytes by doping the carbons with heteroatoms. 3) Explored and understand the roles of heteroatom doping in the capacitive behavior by both experimental measurement and computational modeling. 4) Improved energy density of carbon electrodes by enlarging their working voltage in aqueous and organic electrolyte. 5) Scalable and effective production of hierarchically porous graphite particles through aerosol process for use as the anode materials of lithium ion batteries. These strategies can be extended as a general design platform for other high-performance energy storage materials such as fuel cells and lithium-ion batteries.

Download or read book Sodium Ion Batteries written by Man Xie and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2022-08-01 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book covers basic theory, progress and applications of sodium-ion batteries. It intoduces the reader to anode, cathode, electrolyte battery materials and properties. It also describes compatibility and stability of the whole battery system. It is a valuable resource for anyone interested in energy storage.

Download or read book Advanced Battery Materials written by Chunwen Sun and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-03-26 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrochemical energy storage has played important roles in energy storage technologies for portable electronics and electric vehicle applications. During the past thirty years, great progress has been made in research and development of various batteries, in term of energy density increase and cost reduction. However, the energy density has to be further increased to achieve long endurance time. In this book, recent research and development in advanced electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage devices are presented, including lithium ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries and metal-air batteries, sodium ion batteries and supercapacitors. The materials involve transition metal oxides, sulfides, Si-based material as well as graphene and graphene composites.