Download or read book Calibration of the Surface Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ground array of the Pierre Auger Observatory consists of 1600 water Cherenkov detectors, deployed over 3000 km2. The remoteness and large number of detectors required a simple, automatic remote calibration procedure. The primary physics calibration is based on the average charge deposited by a vertical and central throughgoing muon, determined with good precision at the detector via a novel rate-based technique and later with higher precision via charge histograms. This value is named the vertical-equivalent muon (VEM). The VEM and the other parameters needed to maintain this calibration over the full energy range and to assess the quality of the detector are measured every minute. This allows an accurate determination of the energy deposited in each detector when an atmospheric cosmic ray shower occurs.
Download or read book Design Calibration and Early Results of a Surface Array for Detection of Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays written by Patrick S. Allison and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The difficulties in understanding cosmic rays at ultrahigh energies have been a persistent problem in particle astrophysics for almost 50 years, due to insufficient statistics and large systematic errors. The design of a surface array for the Pierre Auger Observatory, which was intended to resolve these problems, will be discussed, along with its calibration. The surface detector is an array of 1600 water Cherenkov detectors, spaced 1.5 km apart for a total area of 3000 km2, planned to operate continuously for 20 years. The detectors therefore must be inexpensive, low power, easy to deploy, and have a high reliability. Each surface detector station is required to make a high precision measurement of the signal density produced by the air showers induced by cosmic rays over a wide dynamic range, and therefore a calibration system was developed for the array which creates a signal response uniform to within 3%. Finally, early results of the cosmic ray energy spectrum will be calculated, along with the future implications of the array for the field of cosmic ray astrophysics as well as physics in general.
Download or read book Pierre Auger Observatory and Telescope Array Joint Cosmic Ray Detection and Cross Calibration written by Ryan James Lorek and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reconstruction Accuracy of the Surface Detector Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reconstruction of extensive air showers (arrival direction, core position and energy estimation) by the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory is discussed together with the corresponding accuracy. We determine the angular reconstruction accuracy as a function of the station multiplicity by using two different approaches. We discuss statistical and systematic uncertainties in the determination of the signal at 1000 m from the core, S(1000), which is used to estimate the primary energy.
Download or read book Calibration and Monitoring of the Pierre Auger Observatory written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Pierre Auger Observatory Scaler Mode for the Study of Solar Activity Modulation of Galactic Cosmic Rays written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since data-taking began in January 2004, the Pierre Auger Observatory has been recording the count rates of low energy secondary cosmic ray particles for the self-calibration of the ground detectors of its surface detector array. After correcting for atmospheric effects, modulations of galactic cosmic rays due to solar activity and transient events are observed. Temporal variations related with the activity of the heliosphere can be determined with high accuracy due to the high total count rates. In this study, the available data are presented together with an analysis focused on the observation of Forbush decreases, where a strong correlation with neutron monitor data is found.
Download or read book Modelling and Simulation in Science written by Vito Di Ges and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2007 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This proceedings volume contains results presented at the Sixth International Workshop on Data Analysis in Astronomy OCo OC Modeling and Simulation in ScienceOCO held on April 15-22, 2007, at the Ettore Majorana Foundation and Center for Scientific Culture, Erice, Italy. Recent progress and new trends in the field of simulation and modeling in three branches of science OCo astrophysics, biology, and climatology OCo are described in papers presented by outstanding scientists. The impact of new technologies on the design of novel data analysis systems and the interrelation among different fields are foremost in scientists'' minds in the modern era. This book therefore focuses primarily on data analysis methodologies and techniques. Sample Chapter(s). Chapter 1: Simulations for Uhe Cosmic Ray Experiments (562 KB). Contents: Astrophysics, Cosmology and Earth Physics: Simulations for UHE Cosmic Ray Experiments (J Knapp); Problems and Solutions in Climate Modeling (A Sutera); Statistical Analysis of Quasar Data and Validity of the Hubble Law (S Roy et al.); Quantum Astronomy and Information (C Barbieri); Biology, Biochemistry and Bioinformatics: From Genomes to Protein Models and Back (A Tramontano et al.); Exploring Biomolecular Recognition by Modeling and Simulation (R Wade); BioInfogrid: Bioinformatics Simulation and Modeling Based on Grid (L Milanesi); Methods and Techniques: Optimization Strategies for Modeling and Simulation (J Louchet); Biclustering Bioinformatics Data Sets: A Possibilistic Approach (F Masulli); From the Qubit to the Quantum Search Algorithms (G Cariolaro & T Occhipinti); Comparison of Stereo Vision Techniques for Cloud-Top Height Retrieval (A Anzalone et al.); and other papers. Readership: Physicists; biologists; computer scientists and data analysts."
Download or read book Modeling And Simulation In Science Proceedings Of The 6th International Workshop On Data Analysis In Astronomy Livio Scarsi written by Giosue Lo Bosco and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2007-12-13 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This proceedings volume contains results presented at the Sixth International Workshop on Data Analysis in Astronomy — “Modeling and Simulation in Science” held on April 15-22, 2007, at the Ettore Majorana Foundation and Center for Scientific Culture, Erice, Italy. Recent progress and new trends in the field of simulation and modeling in three branches of science — astrophysics, biology, and climatology — are described in papers presented by outstanding scientists. The impact of new technologies on the design of novel data analysis systems and the interrelation among different fields are foremost in scientists' minds in the modern era. This book therefore focuses primarily on data analysis methodologies and techniques.
Download or read book Low Energy Cosmic Ray Anisotropies Observed Using the Pierre Auger Observatory written by Kerridwen Bette Barber and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Pierre Auger Observatory is a hybrid cosmic ray detector located in the high plains of Argentina. It comprises an array of water-Cherenkov stations overlooked by four fluorescence detector sites and was designed and built for the purpose of studying ultra-high energy cosmic rays (>1018 eV). Due to the distribution of cosmic ray energies following a power law, in the process of studying these high energy events, the observatory also collects vast amounts of data on lower energy cosmic ray events. The low solar activity of the 2006 to 2009 period presents an opportunity to study the behaviour of the very low cosmic ray flux which would otherwise be overwhelmed by the solar wind during more active periods. This research aims to investigate the anisotropy in the low energy cosmic ray flux in the southern hemisphere using the calibration data for the Pierre Auger Observatory's surface detector. The energy ranges accessible via these calibration data were determined via numerical simulation of both air shower propagation through the atmosphere as well as the surface detector response to the surface particles, and were found to be of the order of 100 GeV. Following corrections to remove atmospheric and other spurious effects, investigations into the anisotropy present in the data were performed in both solar and sidereal time, spanning periods of both low and high solar activity.
Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High Energy Astrophysical Techniques written by Rosa Poggiani and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-01 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook presents ultraviolet and X-ray astronomy, gamma-ray astronomy, cosmic ray astronomy, neutrino astronomy, and gravitational wave astronomy as distinct research areas, focusing on the astrophysics targets and the requirements with respect to instrumentation and observation methods. The purpose of the book is to bridge the gap between the reference books and the specialized literature. For each type of astronomy, the discussion proceeds from the orders of magnitude for observable quantities. The physical principles of photon and particle detectors are then addressed, and the specific telescopes and combinations of detectors, presented. Finally the instruments and their limits are discussed with a view to assisting readers in the planning and execution of observations. Astronomical observations with high-energy photons and particles represent the newest additions to multimessenger astronomy and this book will be of value to all with an interest in the field.
Download or read book Particle Physics and the Universe written by Claes Fransson and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2001 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is generally felt in the cosmology and particle astrophysics community that we have just entered an era which later can only be looked back upon as a golden age. Thanks to the rapid technical development, with powerful new telescopes and other detectors taken into operation at an impressive rate, and the accompanying advancement of theoretical ideas, the picture of the past, present and future Universe is getting ever clearer. Some of the most exciting new findings and expected future developments are discussed in this invaluable volume. The topics covered include the physics of the early Universe and ultra-high energy processes. Emphasis is also put on neutrino physics and astrophysics, with the evidence for non-zero neutrino masses emerging from both solar neutrinos and atmospheric neutrinos covered in great depth. Another field with interesting new results concerns the basic cosmological parameters, where both traditional methods and the potential of new ones, like deep supernova surveys and acoustic peak detections in the cosmic microwave background, are thoroughly discussed. Various aspects of the dark matter problem, such as gravitational lensing estimates of galaxy masses, cluster evolution and hot cluster electron distortions of the thermal microwave background spectrum, are also discussed, as are particle physics candidates of dark matter and methods to detect them. Cosmic rays of matter and antimatter are included as a topic, and so is the problem of the enigmatic dark energy of the vacuum. Contents: Cosmology with Clusters of Galaxies (N A Bahcall); Radiochemical Solar Neutrino Experiments and Implications (T A Kirsten); Evidence for Neutrino Oscillation Observed in Super-Kamiokande (Y Totsuka); High Energy Cosmic Neutrinos (S W Barwick); Discovery of the Cosmic Microwave Background (D T Wilkinson & P J E Peebles); Starlight in the Universe (P Madau); Acceleration of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (R D Blandford); Dark Matter and Dark Energy in the Universe (M S Turner); Dark Matter Tomography (J A Tyson); Status of Models for Gamma Ray Bursts (M J Rees); and other papers. Readership: High energy physicists, astrophysicists and cosmologists.
Download or read book Instruments and Methods for the Radio Detection of High Energy Cosmic Rays written by Frank Schröder and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-14 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cosmic rays consist of elementary particles with enormous energy which originate from outside our solar system and constantly hit the Earth’s atmosphere. Where do these cosmic rays originate? How does nature accelerate the cosmic-ray particles to energies with orders of magnitude beyond the limits of manmade particle accelerators? What can we learn by measuring the interactions of the cosmic rays with the atmosphere? Digital radio-antenna arrays offer a promising, complementary measurement method for high-energy cosmic rays. This thesis reports on substantial advances in the development of the radio technique, which will be used to address these questions in future experiments.
Download or read book Particle Astrophysics Instrumentation written by Peter W. Gorham and published by SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering. This book was released on 2003 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Studies of the Highest Energy Cosmic Ray Air Showers with the Pierre Auger Observatory Hybrid Dectector written by Bei Cai and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cosmic Gamma Rays written by Floyd William Stecker and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cosmic gamma ray production processes, galactic and extragalactic gamma rays, and cosmology.
Download or read book Cosmic Rays and Particle Physics written by and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
