Download or read book Calibration of an Optical Trap written by Debalina Chakraborty and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A tightly focused laser beam can trap and manipulate microscopic objects by exerting force on them. Optical trapping or laser trapping or laser tweezers is a term widely used in describing the trapping and manipulation of these objects by optical gradient forces. Such devices have many uses in biophysics. This thesis describes the reconstruction of a previously existing optical trapping system that had fallen into disrepair and the work done to calibrate that optical trapping system. The pre-existing system was refurbished and aligned so that optical traps could again be generated. The resulting traps were then calibrated in preparation for further improvements to the trapping strength. Micrometer-sized dielectric spheres were trapped by the tweezers. Trap stiffness was measured using a mean square displacement method from data obtained with two particle tracking programs operating on captured microscope image stacks. The trap stiffnesses thus obtained were checked by applying known hydrodynamic forces to the particles and measuring the displacement. The results show that both the tracking programs (Rytrack and Sphere tracker)generated trap stiffness values closer to the results from hydrodynamic displacement. Trap stiffness was also found to increase with increasing laser power, as expected. The stiffness vs power can be fit by a power law with an exponent of 0.73 for Rytrack and 0.66 for Sphere tracker. The trap stiffness was also weakly dependent on height above the sample plane. Surprisingly, it was found that trap strength differed by some significant factors (sometimes as much as a factor of 2) along perpendicular axes. The source of this asymmetrical trap strength has yet to be determined. In addition, the apparent uncertainty in the trap strength data is much larger than the expected uncertainty from the mean square displacement. Mean square displacement seemed to vary with time. This left a source of systematic error seen in the values of trap stiffness. The source of this additional uncertainty is not clear but may lie in time variations in laser power. This will also be a subject of further work.
Download or read book Optical Tweezers written by Philip H. Jones and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-12-03 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive guide to the theory, practice and applications of optical tweezers, combining state-of-the-art research with a strong pedagogic approach.
Download or read book Calibration and Characterization of Static and Modulated Optical Traps written by Yi Deng and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As optical tweezers become widely used in biophysics, calibration becomes essential to quantitatively characterize the dynamics of a system probed by this technique. In this thesis, I apply three methods for calibrating optical tweezers: a direct estimate from thermal motion of a trapped particle using the equipartition theorem, a more advanced approach that analyzes its power spectrum, and a combination of power spectrum analysis and the bead's response under an external driving force. Motivated by recent attempts to use parametric resonance for calibration, I also examine the effects of modulating laser power on the motion of the trapped particle, predicting and finding experimentally an increase in the particle's position variance at low modulation frequencies without evidence for resonant effects in the extremely overdamped motion of the trapped particle. I conclude by discussing future considerations such as the treatment of hydrodynamics and the effect of an anharmonic trap potential.
Download or read book Force Calibration of Optical Traps by Video based Methods written by Josep Mas Soler and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Viscosities of Sucrose Solutions at Various Temperatures written by James F. Swindells and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advanced Methods for the Calibration of Optical Tweezers written by Laura Pérez García and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Optical Tweezers written by Arne Gennerich and published by Humana. This book was released on 2016-11-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this volume is to provide a comprehensive overview of optical tweezers setups, both in practical and theoretical terms, to help biophysicists, biochemists, and cell biologists to build and calibrate their own instruments and to perform force measurements on mechanoenzymes both in isolation in vitro and in living cells. Chapters have been divided in three parts focusing on theory and practical design of optical tweezers, detailed protocols for performing force measurements on single DNA- and microtubule/actin-associated mechanoenzymes in isolation, and describing recent advances that have opened up quantitative force measurements in living cells. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Optical Tweezers: Methods and Protocols aims help to further expand the accessibility and use of optical traps by scientists of diverse disciplines.
Download or read book Optical Tweezers written by Miles J. Padgett and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-06-02 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The technical development of optical tweezers, along with their application in the biological and physical sciences, has progressed significantly since the demonstration of an optical trap for micron-sized particles based on a single, tightly focused laser beam was first reported more than twenty years ago. Bringing together many landmark papers on
Download or read book Optical Tweezers written by Philip H. Jones and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-12-03 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combining state-of-the-art research with a strong pedagogic approach, this text provides a detailed and complete guide to the theory, practice and applications of optical tweezers. In-depth derivation of the theory of optical trapping and numerical modelling of optical forces are supported by a complete step-by-step design and construction guide for building optical tweezers, with detailed tutorials on collecting and analysing data. Also included are comprehensive reviews of optical tweezers research in fields ranging from cell biology to quantum physics. Featuring numerous exercises and problems throughout, this is an ideal self-contained learning package for advanced lecture and laboratory courses, and an invaluable guide to practitioners wanting to enter the field of optical manipulation. The text is supplemented by www.opticaltweezers.org, a forum for discussion and a source of additional material including free-to-download, customisable research-grade software (OTS) for calculation of optical forces, digital video microscopy, optical tweezers calibration and holographic optical tweezers.
Download or read book Optical Tweezers written by Arne Gennerich and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-09-05 with total page 753 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This detailed volume explores a wide variety of techniques involving optical tweezers, a technology that has become increasingly more accessible to a broad range of researchers. Beginning with recent technical advances, the book continues by covering the application of optical tweezers to study DNA-protein interactions and DNA motors, protocols to perform protein (un)folding experiments, the application of optical tweezers to study actin- and microtubule-associated motor proteins, and well as protocols for investigating the function and mechanical properties of microtubules and intermediate filaments, and more. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Optical Tweezers: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition serves as an ideal resource for expanding the accessibility and use of optical traps by scientists of diverse disciplines.
Download or read book Microrheology with Optical Tweezers written by Manlio Tassieri and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-10-14 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thanks to the pioneering works of Ashkin and coworkers, optical tweezers (OTs) have become an invaluable tool for myriad studies throughout the natural sciences. Their success relies on the fact that they can be considered as exceptionally sensitive transducers that are able to resolve pN forces and nm displacements, with high temporal resolution, down to μs. Hence their application to study a wide range of biological phenomena such as measuring the compliance of bacterial tails, the forces exerted by a single motor protein, and the mechanical properties of human red blood cells and of individual biological molecules. The number of articles related to them totals to a whopping 58,000 (source Google Scholar)! Microrheology is a branch of rheology, but it works at micrometer length scales and with microliter sample volumes. Therefore, microrheology techniques have been revealed to be very useful tools for all those rheological/mechanical studies where rare or precious materials are employed, such as in biological and biomedical studies. The aim of this book is to provide a pedagogical introduction to the physics principles governing both the optical tweezers and their application in the field of microrheology of complex materials. This is achieved by following a linear path that starts from a narrative introduction of the "nature of light," followed by a rigorous description of the fundamental equations governing the propagation of light through matter. Moreover, some of the many possible instrumental configurations are presented, especially those that better adapt to perform microrheology measurements. In order to better appreciate the microrheological methods with optical tweezers explored in this book, informative introductions to the basic concepts of linear rheology, statistical mechanics, and the most popular microrheology techniques are also given. Furthermore, an enlightening prologue to the general applications of optical tweezers different from rheological purposes is provided at the end of the book.
Download or read book Video based Calibration of Holographic Optical Traps written by Dorian Treptow and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Optical Trapping And Manipulation Of Neutral Particles Using Lasers A Reprint Volume With Commentaries written by Arthur Ashkin and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2006-12-29 with total page 941 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important volume contains selected papers and extensive commentaries on laser trapping and manipulation of neutral particles using radiation pressure forces. Such techniques apply to a variety of small particles, such as atoms, molecules, macroscopic dielectric particles, living cells, and organelles within cells. These optical methods have had a revolutionary impact on the fields of atomic and molecular physics, biophysics, and many aspects of nanotechnology.In atomic physics, the trapping and cooling of atoms down to nanokelvins and even picokelvin temperatures are possible. These are the lowest temperatures in the universe. This made possible the first demonstration of Bose-Einstein condensation of atomic and molecular vapors. Some of the applications are high precision atomic clocks, gyroscopes, the measurement of gravity, cryptology, atomic computers, cavity quantum electrodynamics and coherent atom lasers.A major application in biophysics is the study of the mechanical properties of the many types of motor molecules, mechanoenzymes, and other macromolecules responsible for the motion of organelles within cells and the locomotion of entire cells. Unique in vitro and in vivo assays study the driving forces, stepping motion, kinetics, and efficiency of these motors as they move along the cell's cytoskeleton. Positional and temporal resolutions have been achieved, making possible the study of RNA and DNA polymerases, as they undergo their various copying, backtracking, and error correcting functions on a single base pair basis.Many applications in nanotechnology involve particle and cell sorting, particle rotation, microfabrication of simple machines, microfluidics, and other micrometer devices. The number of applications continues to grow at a rapid rate.The author is the discoverer of optical trapping and optical tweezers. With his colleagues, he first demonstrated optical levitation, the trapping of atoms, and tweezer trapping and manipulation of living cells and biological particles.This is the only review volume covering the many fields of optical trapping and manipulation. The intention is to provide a selective guide to the literature and to teach how optical traps really work.
Download or read book Optical Trapping and Manipulation written by Philip Jones and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-11-25 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are pleased to present “Optical Trapping and Manipulation: From Fundamentals to Applications”, a Special Issue of Micromachines dedicated to the latest research in optical trapping. In recognition of the broad impact of optical manipulation techniques across disciplines, this Special Issue collected contributions related to all aspects of optical trapping and manipulation. Both theoretical and experimental studies were welcome, and applications of optical manipulation methods in fields including (but not limited to) single molecule biophysics, cell biology, nanotechnology, atmospheric chemistry, and fundamental optics were particularly welcome in order to showcase the breadth of the current research. The Special Issue accepted diverse forms of contributions, including research papers, short communications, methods, and review articles representing the state-of-the-art in optical trapping.
Download or read book Investigation on Force Detection Methods for Optical Trapping and Sensing Inside Living Cells written by Josep Mas Soler and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical Tweezers (OT) are a light-based non-invasive tool that has played an important role during the last decades in the field of biophotonics, together with the advances in optical microscopy techniques. Optical trapping and micromanipulation of microscopic objects is nowadays possible with tightly focused laser beams, with the capability of measuring forces acting on the trapped particle in the order of piconewtons. OT have found numerous applications in the field of biophysics, and more specifically in molecular motor studies. One of the open challenges in the field is measuring molecular motor forces in their natural (in vivo) environment: the interior of living cells. Due to the complex mechanical properties of the cell cytoplasm, standard trap force calibration methods do not apply in this environment. In this thesis we investigate two recent optical force calibration methods: active-passive calibration in viscoelastic media, and direct force measurements via light momentum changes. The two methods are tested and cross-validated inside living cells, and an application involving intracellular molecular motor stall force measurements is demonstrated. The obtained results prove the possibility of measuring forces inside the cell cytoplasm with holographic tweezers, even with an object-independent trap force calibration when the conditions for the momentum-based technique are fulfilled. We also present an algorithm for manipulating groups of optical traps with minimal computational cost, using random mask multiplexing combined with iterative computer-generated holograms for dynamic holographic optical tweezers.
Download or read book Structured Light and Its Applications written by David L. Andrews and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-08-29 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New possibilities have recently emerged for producing optical beams with complex and intricate structures, and for the non-contact optical manipulation of matter. Structured Light and Its Applications fully describes the electromagnetic theory, optical properties, methods and applications associated with this new technology. Detailed discussions are given of unique beam characteristics, such as optical vortices and other wavefront structures, the associated phase properties and photonic aspects, along with applications ranging from cold atom manipulation to optically driven micromachines. Features include: Comprehensive and authoritative treatments of the latest research in this area of nanophotonics, written by the leading researchers Accounts of numerous microfluidics, nanofabrication, quantum informatics and optical manipulation applications Coverage that fully spans the subject area, from fundamental theory and simulations to experimental methods and results Graduate students and established researchers in academia, national laboratories and industry will find this book an invaluable guide to the latest technologies in this rapidly developing field. Comprehensive and definitive source of the latest research in nanotechnology written by the leading people in the field From theory to applications - all is presented in detail Editor is Chair of the SPIE Nanotechnology Technical Group and is leading the way in generation and manipulation of complex beams
Download or read book International Review of Cytology written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1991-09-25 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International Review of Cytology
