Download or read book Calcium Carbonate Production from Lime Cost Analysis Calcium Carbonate E21A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) production from lime. In this typical process, lime reacts with water producing calcium hydroxide, which is further carbonated with carbon dioxide from calcination to produce PCC. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 6251356, issued to G. R. International in 2001 (assigned to Pacific Nano Products in 2015) (2) US Patent 3920800, issued to Cyprus Mines Corporation in 1975 Keywords: Hydrated Lime, Slaked Lime, Slake, Calcium Oxide, Quicklime

Download or read book Sodium Hydroxide via Lime Soda Process Cost Analysis Sodium Hydroxide E21A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of Sodium Hydroxide production from lime and sodium carbonate. The process examined is a conventional lime-soda process. In this process, calcium hydroxide is generated by treating lime (calcium oxide) with water. Then, calcium hydroxide reacts with soda ash (sodium carbonate) forming sodium hydroxide and Calcium Carbonate. Precipitated calcium carbonate, in solid form, and Sodium Hydroxide solution (50 wt%) are obtained as final products. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Hou, T.P., "Manufacture of Soda: With Special Reference to the Ammonia Process", 1942 Keywords: Hydrated Lime, Slaked Lime, Slake, Calcium Oxide, Lime-Soda Process

Download or read book Epichlorohydrin Production from Propylene Cost Analysis ECH E21A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of Epichlorohydrin production from propylene and chlorine. The process examined is a typical dehydrochlorination process. This process involves three main steps: (i) chlorination of propylene to allyl chloride; (ii) addition of hypochlorous acid to the allyl chloride formed yielding glycerol dichlorohydrins, and (iii) treatment of the glycerol – dichlorohydrin mixture with a base, yielding Epichlorohydrin product. 99.9 wt.% Epichlorohydrin is obtained. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Rowe, C.E., 'Chlorohydrins', Chemical Processing Handbook, 1993 Keywords: 3-Chloropropene, Hypochlorous Acid, HOCl, Chlorination

Download or read book Calcium Carbonate Production from Limestone Cost Analysis Calcium Carbonate E11A written by Intratec and published by Intratec Solutions. This book was released on 2016-03-01 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) production from limestone. In this typical process, limestone is first calcinated. The product reacts with water producing calcium hydroxide, which is further carbonated with carbon dioxide from calcination to produce PCC. This report examines one-time costs associated with the construction of a United States-based plant and the continuing costs associated with the daily operation of such a plant. More specifically, it discusses: * Capital Investment, broken down by: - Total fixed capital required, divided in production unit (ISBL); infrastructure (OSBL) and contingency - Alternative perspective on the total fixed capital, divided in direct costs, indirect costs and contingency - Working capital and costs incurred during industrial plant commissioning and start-up * Production cost, broken down by: - Manufacturing variable costs (raw materials, utilities) - Manufacturing fixed costs (maintenance costs, operating charges, plant overhead, local taxes and insurance) - Depreciation and corporate overhead costs * Raw materials consumption, products generation and labor requirements * Process block flow diagram and description of industrial site installations (production unit and infrastructure) This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 6251356, issued to G. R. International in 2001 (assigned to Pacific Nano Products in 2015) (2) US Patent 3920800, issued to Cyprus Mines Corporation in 1975 Keywords: Calcite, Aragonite, Calcine, Hydrated Lime, Slaked Lime

Download or read book Calcium Carbonate Production via Lime Soda Process Cost Analysis Calcium Carbonate E31A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) production from lime and sodium carbonate. The process examined is a conventional lime-soda process. In this process, calcium hydroxide is generated by treating lime (calcium oxide) with water. Then, calcium hydroxide reacts with soda ash (sodium carbonate) forming sodium hydroxide and Calcium Carbonate. Precipitated Calcium Carbonate, in solid form, and sodium hydroxide solution (50 wt%) are obtained as final products. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Hydrated Lime, Slaked Lime, Slake, Calcium Oxide, Lime-Soda Process

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Download or read book Apatites and their Synthetic Analogues written by Petr Ptáček and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2016-04-13 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Apatite-type minerals and their synthetic analogues are of interest of many industrial branches and scientific disciplines including material sciences, chemical industry, agriculture, geology, medicine and dentistry. This book provides a basic overview of general knowledges of this topic in order to provide the comprehensive survey from a scientific and technological perspective. The book is divided into 10 chapters, which are devoted to the structure and properties of minerals from the supergroup of apatite, experimental techniques of preparation and characterization of synthetic analogues of apatite minerals, substitution in the structure of apatite as well as utilization of these materials in wide range of common and special advanced applications in industry, material sciences and research. Additionally, the phosphate rocks, their classification, geological role, mining and beneficiation of phosphate ore, production of elemental phosphorus, phosphoric acid and fertilizers are also described. Although this book is meant for chemist, material scientist and research engineers, the individual chapters contain theoretical background, historical aspects as well as examples of synthetic and analytical methods which may be also interesting for students and non-expert readers as well.

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Download or read book Improving the Safety of Fresh Meat written by J Sofos and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-07-30 with total page 809 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The safety of fresh meat continues to be a major concern for consumers. As a result, there has been a wealth of research on identifying and controlling hazards at all stages in the supply chain. Improving the safety of fresh meat reviews this research and its implications for the meat industry.Part one discusses identifying and managing hazards on the farm. There are chapters on the prevalence and detection of pathogens, chemical and other contaminants. A number of chapters discuss ways of controlling such hazards in the farm environment. The second part of the book reviews the identification and control of hazards during and after slaughter. There are chapters both on contamination risks and how they can best be managed. The range of decontamination techniques available to meat processors as well as such areas as packaging and storage are examined.With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Improving the safety of fresh meat is a standard reference for the meat industry. - Learn how to identify and control hazards at all stages in the supply chain - An authoritative reference on reducing microbial and other hazards in raw and fresh red meat - Understand the necessity for effective intervention at each production process

Download or read book Plastic Waste and Recycling written by Trevor Letcher and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-03-10 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plastic Waste and Recycling: Environmental Impact, Societal Issues, Prevention, and Solutions begins with an introduction to the different types of plastic materials, their uses, and the concepts of reduce, reuse and recycle before examining plastic types, chemistry and degradation patterns that are organized by non-degradable plastic, degradable and biodegradable plastics, biopolymers and bioplastics. Other sections cover current challenges relating to plastic waste, explain the sources of waste and their routes into the environment, and provide systematic coverage of plastic waste treatment methods, including mechanical processing, monomerization, blast furnace feedstocks, gasification, thermal recycling, and conversion to fuel. This is an essential guide for anyone involved in plastic waste or recycling, including researchers and advanced students across plastics engineering, polymer science, polymer chemistry, environmental science, and sustainable materials. - Presents actionable solutions for reducing plastic waste, with a focus on the concepts of collection, re-use, recycling and replacement - Considers major societal and environmental issues, providing the reader with a broader understanding and supporting effective implementation - Includes detailed case studies from across the globe, offering unique insights into different solutions and approaches

Download or read book Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology written by Paul T. Nicholson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-03-23 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book describes current research into all aspects of craftwork in ancient Egypt.

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