Download or read book Cabinets Ministers and Gender written by Claire Annesley and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2019 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, men have been more likely to be appointed to governing cabinets, but gendered patterns of appointment vary cross-nationally, and women's inclusion in cabinets has grown significantly over time. This book breaks new theoretical ground by conceiving of cabinet formation as a gendered, iterative process governed by rules that empower and constrain presidents and prime ministers in the criteria they use to make appointments. Political actors use their agency to interpret and exploit ambiguity in rules to deviate from past practices of appointing mostly men. When they do so, they create different opportunities for men and women to be selected, explaining why some democracies have appointed more women to cabinet than others. Importantly, this dynamic produces new rules about women's inclusion and, as this book explains, the emergence of a concrete floor, defined as a minimum number of women who must be appointed to a cabinet to ensure its legitimacy. Drawing on in-depth analyses of seven countries (Australia, Canada, Chile, Germany, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States) and elite interviews, media data, and autobiographies of cabinet members, Cabinets, Ministers, and Gender offers a cross-time, cross-national study of the gendered process of cabinet formation.

Download or read book Cabinets Ministers and Gender written by Claire Annesley and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Cabinets, Ministers, and Gender' explains how cabinets are constructed in democracies, providing detailed information about the formal and informal rules that shape the decisions of presidents and prime ministers in selecting cabinet ministers, and the eligibility and qualification standards for those who aspire to cabinet positions. The text shows how the decisions of selectors and the process of cabinet formation create different opportunities for men and women to be selected, explaining why some democracies have appointed more women to cabinet than others by developing the concept of the concrete floor-the minimum number of women included in cabinet to ensure its legitimacy.

Download or read book Women in Presidential Cabinets written by Maria C. Escobar-Lemmon and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are women in presidential cabinets new political players or do they adopt the same strategies as the men who traditionally run government? Once in office, are they treated equally, and are they as effective as their male counterparts? Using data from Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica and the US, Women in Presidential Cabinets provides evidence of gender integration.

Download or read book Does Gender Make a Difference A Study of the Legislative Batting Averages of Male and Female Cabinet Ministers in Latin American Countries written by Michelle M. Taylor-Robinson and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper is part of a book project studying women in the executive branch in presidential democracies. In the book and other papers we examine the education, career, political experience, and interest group connections of more than 400 female and male cabinet ministers from Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, and the United States and our analysis of minister backgrounds indicates that, in the aggregate, men and women in these cabinets have resumes that are extremely similar. However, gender differences in background traits are apparent that correlate with the likelihood that a minister will be appointed to a portfolio in the masculine vs. feminine policy domains. In this paper we explore whether the backgrounds of ministers help to predict their success in office in two of our cases - Argentina and Chile - measuring success as the percentage of bills initiated by the minister that are passed into law. We find that female ministers initiate fewer bills than their male colleagues, but that women are just as successful as men at getting their bills passed into law. Political experience and connections, in the form of being a “political insider” or a “friend of the president” and having a primary career in government increase bill initiation and success, but experience related to the policy area of the minister's portfolio and connections to clients of the ministry do not have an impact on either bill initiation or success passing bills into law. These findings indicate that, at least in Argentina and Chile, there is no negative gender bias in inter-branch relations hampering the ability of female ministers to achieve their legislative agenda.

Download or read book Cabinets Ministers and Gender written by Claire Annesley and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-08-15 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, men have been more likely to be appointed to governing cabinets, but gendered patterns of appointment vary cross-nationally, and women's inclusion in cabinets has grown significantly over time. This book breaks new theoretical ground by conceiving of cabinet formation as a gendered, iterative process governed by rules that empower and constrain presidents and prime ministers in the criteria they use to make appointments. Political actors use their agency to interpret and exploit ambiguity in rules to deviate from past practices of appointing mostly men. When they do so, they create different opportunities for men and women to be selected, explaining why some democracies have appointed more women to cabinet than others. Importantly, this dynamic produces new rules about women's inclusion and, as this book explains, the emergence of a concrete floor, defined as a minimum number of women who must be appointed to a cabinet to ensure its legitimacy. Drawing on in-depth analyses of seven countries (Australia, Canada, Chile, Germany, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States) and elite interviews, media data, and autobiographies of cabinet members, Cabinets, Ministers, and Gender offers a cross-time, cross-national study of the gendered process of cabinet formation.

Download or read book The Selection of Ministers around the World written by Keith Dowding and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-08-13 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Governing cabinets are composed of ministers who come and go even as governments march on. They work for the chief executive, the prime minister or the president, for their parties and for the constituent groups from which they come. They are chosen for their role and dismissed from it for all sorts of reasons that vary across time and country. This book examines the process of selection, shuffling and removal of ministers in national cabinets around the world. Drawing on original data over several decades, it offers a series of case studies of countries from around the world with differing institutional and cultural structures including presidential and semi-presidential systems, and parliamentary, unitary and federal systems, some of which have experienced periods under authoritarian regimes. Featuring 14 case studies on North and South America, Asia, Africa, Australia and New Zealand, this book complements the earlier volume The Selection of Ministers in Europe (Routledge, 2009). This volume will be an important reference for students and scholars of political science, government, executives, comparative politics and political parties.

Download or read book Minorities Not Tokens Toward Gender Equality Within Cabinets written by Michelle Taylor and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More women are being appointed to full cabinet-rank posts and they are holding more diverse portfolios. Are these women able to be as effective as the men once they are in the cabinet - in essence have the women become true political players at the highest level of the executive branch, or are they still tokens, but more numerous tokens? We present a theory that uses the political capital resources that ministers, both men and women, bring to the cabinet to predict ministerial success. We predict that ministers who bring more political capital resources to the cabinet will perform more successfully in their job than those with fewer political capital resources. If treatment is equal for women and men with the same quantity of political capital resources that constitutes evidence of gender integration in cabinets. We use three benchmarks for minister effectiveness: duration in post, avoiding a “bad end”, and legislative productivity. Our dataset includes all ministers of full cabinet rank (447 ministers of which 110 are women) from recent presidential administrations in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, and the U.S. Our analysis provides evidence of equal treatment of women. This finding holds across different types of posts, for initial and replacement ministers, and across countries, and indicates that gender integration is occurring in these presidential cabinets. We conclude that while women are still numerical minorities in cabinets they are not treated as tokens.

Download or read book Cabinet Ministers and Parliamentary Government written by Michael Laver and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1994-09-30 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A close examination of the constitutional relationship between legislature and executive in parliamentary regimes.

Download or read book The Inclusion Calculation written by Melody E. Valdini and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-08-30 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What role do men play in women's political representation? When and why do they support more inclusivity for women in office? Given that all political parties today have men in a majority of leadership positions, male gatekeepers play a key part in women's representation. So, how are they responding to the increasing numbers of women who are seeking leadership roles in politics? In The Inclusion Calculation, Melody E. Valdini examines women's inclusion from the perspective of men in power and offers a novel approach to understanding differences in women's descriptive representation. This book argues that men facilitate women's entry into politics when women's presence promises to benefit public perception of a party, and therefore benefit male party leaders. One particularly disturbing implication of this argument is that leaders can increase the number of women in office as a quick and simple substitute for addressing real systemic failures in party organization. Valdini tests her hypotheses by looking at several political contexts around the world: the degree to which parties run more women after a corruption scandal, the number of women who are actually elected at such times, the adoption of gender quotas, and the appointment of women legislators in authoritarian regimes. Her findings suggest that we cannot yet celebrate recent increases in the number of women in office as a sign that we are nearing broad acceptance of gender equality. Further, these findings also suggest that one should question the tendency of scholars and international organizations to use women's presence in office as a measurement of good governance, as well as the tendency to encourage women to simply "lean in" to advance their careers. While it is certainly valuable to encourage women to run for office, it is equally important to understand the motivations of male power-holders. To that end, this book examines how men strategically feminize their political parties or government to retain control, demonstrating that a woman's selection as a candidate often depends on a man's perception of her value.

Download or read book Women in Executive Power written by Gretchen Bauer and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2011-03-10 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive regional study of women in the political executive power.

Download or read book Comparing Cabinets written by Patrick Weller and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why is cabinet government so resilient? Despite many obituaries, why does it continue to be the vehicle for governing across most parliamentary systems? Comparing Cabinets answers these questions by examining the structure and performance of cabinet government in five democracies: the United Kingdom, Denmark, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Australia. The book is organised around the dilemmas that cabinet governments must solve: how to develop the formal rules and practices that can bring predictability and consistency to decision making; how to balance good policy with good politics; how to ensure cohesion between the factions and parties that constitute the cabinet while allowing levels of self-interest to be advanced; how leaders can balance persuasion and command; and how to maintain support through accountability at the same time as being able to make unpopular decisions. All these dilemmas are continuing challenges to cabinet government, never solvable, and constantly reappearing in different forms. Comparing distinct parliamentary systems reveals how traditions, beliefs, and practices shape the answers. There is no single definition of cabinet government, but rather arenas and shared practices that provide some cohesion. Such a comparative approach allows greater insight into the process of cabinet government that cannot be achieved in the study of any single political system, and an understanding of the pressures on each system by appreciating the options that are elsewhere accepted as common beliefs.

Download or read book Unfinished Revolutions written by Ibrahim Fraihat and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Post-revolution states often find that once dictators have been deposed, other problems arise, such as political polarization and the threat of civil war. A respected commentator on Middle Eastern politics, Ibrahim Fraihat examines three countries grappling with political transitions in the wake of the Arab Spring: Yemen, Libya, and Tunisia. Drawing on extensive research and interviews, Fraihat argues that to attain enduring peace and stability, post-revolution states must engage in inclusive national reconciliation processes with the support of women, civil society, and tribes.

Download or read book Women Government and Policy Making in OECD Countries Fostering Diversity for Inclusive Growth written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2014-04-03 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides comparative data and policy benchmarks on women's access to public leadership and inclusive gender-responsive policy-making across OECD countries.

Download or read book Negotiating Agency Sustaining Resistance and Navigating Cooptation written by Chiedo Nwankwor and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cabinet across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is the most powerful site of decision-making in the state, and presents huge opportunity for advancing, directing and controlling policy and programmatic agendas. This creates opportunity for the substantive representation in terms of pursuing gender-informed changes that will benefit women; and encouraging them to participate more in politics - should a minister choose to do so. The expectation that when in power, women will represent other women through changing the form and content of governance brings into sharp focus women's increasing inclusion into cabinets across the region, and animates the overarching question of this dissertation: Does women's participation in the executive as cabinet ministers make any substantive difference in women's lives? I measure substantive impacts using women's health indicators. I employ an integrative mixed methods comprising qualitative case studies of Nigeria and South Africa, and statistical methods using time-series cross sectional data analysis. I utilize primary semi-structured interview data conducted with both male and female ministers in both countries, and secondary archival data for the qualitative case studies. I utilize secondary panel gender-based data from World Bank database for forty-six countries across twenty-four years to specify three models (OLS, Random Effects and Fixed Effects) to investigate substantive impacts on women's health. I find evidence to suggest that women ministers' substantively represent women's interests but that the effectiveness and impacts of said representation is mediated by the constraints placed on their agency by the institutional embeddedness of the cabinet across SSA. Because I ultimately argue the cabinet is a historically and culturally embedded institution of power, and that women's inclusion does not dislodge its underlying gender norms and regimes, I interrogate women's navigation of power within the cabinet in representing and responding to women's issues and interests, and what implications it has for women ministers' representation effectiveness. In light of the challenges to women's political representation, if and when substantive representation occurs, it might be explained by the individual ministerial willingness and commitment to gender representation, and her access to a dense network of civil society and political actors. Additionally, because political phenomenon is contextual, more so, as contextual analysis is emphasized as one of the tenets of the sub-field, I argue that we need to rethink the predominant and somewhat Eurocentric understanding through which we study and measure substantive representation particularly for present study of sub-Sahara African women ministers' representation of women's interest. A blanket application of said mainstream notions and measures of substantive representation risks reproducing marginalization of women ministers by discounting their agency in women's representation based on a dominant scholarly dominant discourse.

Download or read book The Impact of Gender Quotas written by Susan Franceschet and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-03-02 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The introduction of electoral gender quotas in diverse contexts around the globe has attracted a great deal of scholarly and political interest. To date, research on these measures has focused primarily on quota design, adoption, and effects on the numbers of women elected. While this remains a crucial focus, quotas are not simply about changing the proportion of women in political office. Both supporters and opponents of quotas suggest, albeit from different perspectives, that positive action for women as candidates will influence the kinds of women elected, the policy-making process as it concerns women's issues, the way citizens view women in public life, and the relationship between female voters and the political process. Seeking to initiate a "second generation" of research on quotas, this volume is an effort to inspire a new literature focused on theorizing and studying the broader impact of quotas on politics and society. The book is structured in relation to three facets of political representation: the attributes of officeholders (descriptive representation); the promotion of group interests during the legislative process (substantive representation); and the broader cultural meanings and social consequences of political incorporation (symbolic representation). Within each section, the chapters include case studies from four regions of the world: Western Europe, Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Asia and the Middle East. This approach recognizes that quotas are a global phenomenon and that research on quotas and representation benefits from a comparative, cross-national approach. The Impact of Gender Quotas is a theory-building and comparative exercise in elaborating concepts commonly used to analyze the broad impacts of gender quotas. The book begins with the argument that the means by which women enter politics may influence how, why and to what extent their presence affects political representation. Following a preface by Drude Dahlerup, one of the pioneers of gender quota research, the editors introduce the book with a conceptual framework for analyzing the impact of quotas, based upon descriptive, substantive and symbolic dimensions of representation. The book is subsequently organized into three sections, each devoted to analyzing one of the dimensions of representation, and each of these sections contains a chapter case study from one of four regions of the world (Western Europe, Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Asia). Each of the chapters follows a basic format instituted by the editors, with the goal of facilitating cross-case comparisons and broad theory-building. The editors conclude the book by summarizing the main themes and implications for future research on gender quotas.

Download or read book Presidential Gender and Women s Representation in Cabinets written by Catherine Reyes-Housholder and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Do female presidents appoint more women to their cabinets than male presidents? I argue that female presidents are more likely to name more female ministers only when they govern countries that already are on the path towards greater gender equality in the cabinet. This paper uses an original dataset of 1,086 ministers from inaugural presidential cabinets in 18 Latin American countries from 1999-2013. The results of logistic regression show that presidential gender has a significant effect on the probability of observing a female minister, and the magnitude of this effect depends on country-specific levels of cabinet gender inequality. The final section explores extreme cases of female presidents (1) accommodating to the status quo (Cristina Fernández in Argentina 2007); and (2) challenging conventions by promoting gender parity in the cabinet (Michelle Bachelet in Chile 2006). Using statistics and qualitative analysis in a synergistic fashion, this paper thus features a "nested research design" (Lieberman 2005).

Download or read book Measuring Women s Political Empowerment across the Globe written by Amy C. Alexander and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-16 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together leading gender and politics scholars to assess how women’s political empowerment can best be conceptualized and measured on a global scale. It argues that women’s political empowerment is a fundamental process of transformation for benchmarking and understanding all political empowerment gains across the globe. Chapters improve our global understanding of women's political empowerment through cross-national comparisons, a synthesis of methodological approaches across varied levels of politics, and attention to the ways gender intersects with myriad factors in shaping women’s political empowerment. This book is an indispensable resource for scholars of politics and gender, as well as being relevant to a global scholarly and policy community.