Download or read book C REACTIVE PROTEIN AND EXERCISE INTENSITY IN AFRICAN AMERICANS written by Anna Huff and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Racial health disparities have been shown in Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) with African Americans having a substantially greater risk compared to Caucasian Americans. One potential factor explaining racial differences in CVD may be increased levels of systemic inflammation in African Americans compared to Caucasians. Epidemiological studies have shown that CRP (a marker of systemic inflammation) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality6,7, and is higher in African Americans compared to Caucasians. In addition to the elevated CRP levels, African Americans have increased levels of obesity and lower cardiorespiratory fitness compared to Caucasians. Although results have been inconsistent in studies related to exercise interventions to improve CRP levels, many studies have had primarily Caucasian participants and/or have used different intensities of aerobic training. PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of moderate and high intensity aerobic exercise training on CRP in obese African-American men and women. METHODS: The present study was a randomized-controlled trial of 60 obese and overweight African American men and women (body mass index of 25-45 kg/m2), 35-65 years. Participants were randomized to the moderate intensity (MOD-INT; n = 20), high intensity (HIGH-INT; n = 20), or non-exercise control group (n = 20) for a 24-week intervention. The moderate intensity group participated in aerobic exercise at 50% of their VO2 max, and the high intensity group participated in aerobic exercise at 75% of their VO2 max. Participants completed a 12-hour fasted blood draw at the East Carolina Heart Institute. A venous blood sample of a total of 21 mL of blood was drawn by the study nurse pre and post exercise intervention. Blood samples were sent to a clinical laboratory (LabCorp Inc., Burlington, NC) for a complete analysis of metabolic, lipid, insulin level measures, CRP, and blood chemistries. The serum separator tube was sent to LabCorp for measurement of C-reactive protein. RESULTS: There were 11 participants in the control group, 10 participants in the moderate intensity exercise group, and 13 in the high intensity exercise group. There were no significant differences between the randomization groups for age, gender, weight, BMI, waist circumference, body fat percentage, glucose, insulin, and CRP (p> 0.05). We did not observe significant change in CRP levels among study groups in the MOD or the HIT group compared to the CON in obese African-American adults (p=1.00). The association between exercisers and change in CRP and fat-mass approached a significant change (r=-0.379, p=0.07). The HIGH-INT group had a larger increase in VO2 max (ml·kg·min; L/min) (p[less-than]0.05) compared to the CON group. Also, there was a significant relationship between the CON group and MOD intensity group in estimated METs (p[less-than]0.01). Data for changes in clinical risk factors between participants based on change in CRP are shown in Table 2. There were no significant changes found in CRP for any clinical risk factors between non-responders and responders (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we observed that neither moderate or high intensity aerobic decreased systemic inflammation levels in obese African Americans. Secondly, CRP was not improved with a change in fat-mass in exercisers. Future research could allow for the analysis of both Caucasian and African Americans, allowing for a more direct comparison between the two races for the intervention variables measured. Also, it could entail an interval training aerobic group, as well as a resistance training exercise group to elucidate further comparisons in intervention variables. Lastly, future studies may want to combine dietary and exercise to potentially lower CRP to a greater extent than exercise alone.
Download or read book Aerobic Exercise Training Effect on In Vivo and In Vitro Vascular Endothelial Inflammatory Indices in African Americans written by Dianne Babbitt and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: African Americans have the highest prevalence of hypertension in the world which may emanate from their predisposition to heightened endothelial inflammation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vivo influence of aerobic exercise training (AEXT) on the anti-inflammatory biomarker interleukin-10 (IL-10), the inflammatory biomarkers interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP), the endothelial activation marker CD62E+ endothelial microparticle (EMP), and the vasodilatory biomarker nitric oxide (NO) in an African American cohort. A secondary purpose was to conduct a complementary in vitro study on the influence of IL-10 and laminar shear stress (LSS) on African American endothelial cells. In Vivo Methods: The subjects were sedentary, putatively healthy, 45-71 y/o African American men and women. A pre-post study design was employed with baseline and post-intervention evaluations of office blood pressure, fasting blood sampling, and graded exercise testing. Subjects engaged in AEXT three times per week for six months at an intensity equivalent to 65% of their VO2max. Plasma concentrations of IL-10 and IL-6 were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Levels of nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) were determined using a modified Griess assay. Plasma samples for CRP were sent to Quest Diagnostics Inc. for analysis. Circulating CD62E+ EMPs were quantified using a flow cytometer. In Vitro Methods: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) from an African American donor were cultured and exposed to four experimental conditions: Static, Static with IL-10 Incubation, LSS at 20 dynes/cm2, and LSS at 20 dynes/cm2 with IL-10 Incubation. Western blotting experiments were conducted to measure endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein expression and its phosphorylated form (p-eNOS) at Serine 1177 in the cells in all four conditions. A modified Griess assay was used to measure NOx in the cell culture supernatant. In Vivo Results: There was a significant increase in NO (n=24; p=0.002), a significant decrease in IL-6 (n=32; p=0.04), a significant decrease in CRP (n=37; p=0.01), and a significant decrease in CD62E+ EMPs (n=28; pIn Vitro Results: Protein expression levels of both eNOS and p-eNOS were significantly increased in the LSS at 20 dynes/cm2 and LSS at 20 dynes/cm2 with IL-10 Incubation experimental conditions when compared to the Static experimental condition. NO concentration levels were significantly increased in the LSS at 20 dynes/cm2 and LSS at 20 dynes/cm2 with IL-10 Incubation experimental conditions when compared to the Static experimental condition. Conclusion: Based on these results, AEXT may be a viable, non-pharmacologic method to improve vascular inflammation status and vasodilation, and thereby contribute to reduced hypertension and cardiovascular disease risk in African Americans.
Download or read book Polycystic Ovary Syndrome written by Andrea Dunaif and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-12 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume includes the latest diagnostic criteria for PCOS and comprises the most up-to-date information about the genetic features and pathogenesis of PCOS. It critically reviews the methodological approaches and the evidence for various PCOS susceptibility genes. The book also discusses additional familial phenotypes of PCOS and their potential genetic basis. All four editors of this title are extremely prominent in the field of PCOS.
Download or read book Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention written by Peter Kokkinos and published by Jones & Bartlett Publishers. This book was released on 2010-10-25 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention helps students understand the epidemiology behind the assertion that physical activity is associated with better health and quality of life. This text addresses the principles governing physical activity, the methods for measuring exertion, the cardiovascular and metabolic responses to physical activity, and cardiovascular disease and risk factors.
Download or read book Physical Activity Epidemiology written by Rod K. Dishman and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2022 with total page 673 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical Activity Epidemiology, Third Edition, provides a comprehensive discussion of population-level studies on the effects of physical activity on disease. The text summarizes the current knowledge, details the methods used to obtain the findings, and considers the implications for public health
Download or read book Research Abstract In Physical Education And Sport Science 2 Vols written by Dr. C. Ashok and published by Gyan Publishing House. This book was released on 2008-07-30 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book covers all the dimensions of Physical Education and Sports Sciences through nine major branches namely, Anthropometry, Biomechanics, Endurance, Flexibility, Hormones, Psychological Variables, Rehabilitation, Speed and Yoga. Each branch contains minimum fifty research abstracts. The abstracts contain introduction, methodology, results and conclusions. The author did not manipulate anything in the abstracts, since it may create big problem to him. A researcher can use it for his/her thesis as a review or even he/she may contact the corresponding author for seeking help in their respective research. The author has given the abstracts with variable index, thus, a reader can choose variables or find a particular variable without undue strain. The book contains the chapters: 1. Anthropometric Variables, 2. Biomechanical variables, 3. Endurance variables, 4. Flexibility variables, 5. Harmones variables, 6. Psychological variables, 7. Rehabilitation variables, 8. Speed variables, 9. Yoga variables.
Download or read book Accurate Results in the Clinical Laboratory written by Amitava Dasgupta and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-01-22 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical, easy-to-use guide, named to Doody’s Core Titles 2013, addresses interference issues in all laboratory tests, including patient epigenetics, process of specimen collection, enzymes, biomarkers. Clinicians and laboratory scientists can therefore rely on one reference which speaks to both their needs of accurate specimen analysis and optimal patient care. Erroneous hospital and pathology laboratory results can be confusing and problematic, especially in acute care situations. While some factors creating interference, can be identified in the laboratory, detecting many others is often dependent on clinical details unavailable to the laboratory scientists or pathologists. Therefore, clinicians must become proficient in identifying such erroneous reports, and working with pathologists and laboratory scientists so that they can understand the source of such interferences, correct the results, and then decide what course of action must be followed for proper patient management. Named to Doody’s Core Titles 2013, a collection development tool for health sciences libraries of all sizes, by Doody Enterprises Practical information for both clinicians and laboratory scientists, presented in the form of tables and charts for easy reference Focus on range and sources of interferences rather than details of toxicologic mechanisms which are well covered in toxicology textbooks Covers interferences across endocrine, oncology, hematology, immunohistochemistry, immunology, serology, microbiology, and molecular testing
Download or read book Effects of Exercise on Hypertension written by Linda S. Pescatello and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-08 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the first primer on the effects of exercise on human hypertension, Effects of Exercise on Hypertension: From Cells to Physiological Systems provides the state-of-the-art effects of exercise on the many possible mechanisms underlying essential hypertension in humans. The book contains chapters by distinguished experts on the effects of exercise on physiological systems known to be involved in hypertension development and maintenance as well as less well known aspects of hypertension such as 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure profile and oxidative stress. An emerging area, the effects of resistance exercise training on blood pressure is also covered. A unique aspect of the book is that it covers the effects of exercise mimetics on vascular cell adaptations in order to begin to elucidate some of the cellular mechanisms that may underlie blood pressure reductions with exercise training. Lastly, the book will end with a chapter on the interactive effects of genes and exercise on blood pressure. Chapters are grouped by physiological system or mechanism. The text begins with two overview chapters; one on the general effects of aerobic exercise training and the second on the general effects of resistance exercise training on blood pressure. Each chapter begins with a bulleted list of key points. Effects of Exercise on Hypertension: From Cells to Physiological Systems will be of great value to professional individuals in cardiovascular medicine, the cardiovascular sciences, allied health care professionals, and medical and graduate students in the cardiovascular sciences and medicine.
Download or read book Fitness Measures and Health Outcomes in Youth written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-12-10 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical fitness affects our ability to function and be active. At poor levels, it is associated with such health outcomes as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Physical fitness testing in American youth was established on a large scale in the 1950s with an early focus on performance-related fitness that gradually gave way to an emphasis on health-related fitness. Using appropriately selected measures to collected fitness data in youth will advance our understanding of how fitness among youth translates into better health. In Fitness Measures and Health Outcomes in Youth, the IOM assesses the relationship between youth fitness test items and health outcomes, recommends the best fitness test items, provides guidance for interpreting fitness scores, and provides an agenda for needed research. The report concludes that selected cardiorespiratory endurance, musculoskeletal fitness, and body composition measures should be in fitness surveys and in schools. Collecting fitness data nationally and in schools helps with setting and achieving fitness goals and priorities for public health at an individual and national level.
Download or read book Principles and Concepts of Behavioral Medicine written by Edwin B. Fisher and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 1132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Principles and Concepts of Behavioral Medicine A Global Handbook Edwin B. Fisher, Linda D. Cameron, Alan J. Christensen, Ulrike Ehlert, Brian Oldenburg, Frank J. Snoek and Yan Guo This definitive handbook brings together an international array of experts to present the broad, cells-to-society perspectives of behavioral medicine that complement conventional models of health, health care, and prevention. In addition to applications to assessment, diagnosis, intervention, and management, contributors offer innovative prevention and health promotion strategies informed by current knowledge of the mechanisms and pathways of behavior change. Its range of conceptual and practical topics illustrates the central role of behavior in health at the individual, family, community, and population levels, and its increasing importance to person-centered care. The broad perspectives on risk (e.g., stress, lifestyle), management issues (e.g., adherence, social support), and overarching concerns (e.g., inequities, health policy) makes this reference uniquely global as it addresses the following core areas: · The range of relationships and pathways between behavior and health. · Knowing in behavioral medicine; epistemic foundations. · Key influences on behavior and the relationships among behavior, health, and illness. · Approaches to changing behavior related to health. · Key areas of application in prevention and disease management. · Interventions to improve quality of life. · The contexts of behavioral medicine science and practice. Principles and Concepts of Behavioral Medicine opens out the contemporary world of behavior and health to enhance the work of behavioral medicine specialists, health psychologists, public health professionals and policymakers, as well as physicians, nurses, social workers and those in many other fields of health practice around the world.
Download or read book Nutrition and Physical Activity in Inflammatory Diseases written by Manohar L. Garg and published by CABI. This book was released on 2013 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Certain nutrients and physical activity can significantly alter immune function and inflammation. Targeted interventions may be an effective and inexpensive means to improve the inflammation and immune dysfunction associated with chronic diseases. This book defines the relevant underlying biological mechanisms and strengthens our understanding of how nutrients and physical activity impact inflammatory diseases. A useful reference for researchers and students of nutrition, physiology and sports science, it explores the unique aspects of inflammation induced by nutritional deficiencies or activity levels, and their interrelationship.
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Download or read book Physical Activity Health written by Jerome E. Kotecki and published by Jones & Bartlett Learning. This book was released on 2016-12-15 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical Activity and Health, Fifth Edition offers expert knowledge based on the latest scientific evidence from physical activity and health research along with a variety of instructive elements that assist and encourage students in developing a personalized physical activity and health plan. The goal of the book is to introduce concepts and to develop the skills and interest to make physical activity a life-long habit. This text equips students with the information, skills, and practical know-how to gain control of their health and decide what to do and how and when to do it.
Download or read book Clinical Guidelines on the Identification Evaluation and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults written by Expert Panel on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of evidence-based recommendations -- Introduction -- Overweight and obesity: background -- Examination of randomized controlled trial evidence -- Treatment guidelines -- Summary of recommendations -- Future research.
Download or read book Educating the Student Body written by Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-11-13 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical inactivity is a key determinant of health across the lifespan. A lack of activity increases the risk of heart disease, colon and breast cancer, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, osteoporosis, anxiety and depression and others diseases. Emerging literature has suggested that in terms of mortality, the global population health burden of physical inactivity approaches that of cigarette smoking. The prevalence and substantial disease risk associated with physical inactivity has been described as a pandemic. The prevalence, health impact, and evidence of changeability all have resulted in calls for action to increase physical activity across the lifespan. In response to the need to find ways to make physical activity a health priority for youth, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment was formed. Its purpose was to review the current status of physical activity and physical education in the school environment, including before, during, and after school, and examine the influences of physical activity and physical education on the short and long term physical, cognitive and brain, and psychosocial health and development of children and adolescents. Educating the Student Body makes recommendations about approaches for strengthening and improving programs and policies for physical activity and physical education in the school environment. This report lays out a set of guiding principles to guide its work on these tasks. These included: recognizing the benefits of instilling life-long physical activity habits in children; the value of using systems thinking in improving physical activity and physical education in the school environment; the recognition of current disparities in opportunities and the need to achieve equity in physical activity and physical education; the importance of considering all types of school environments; the need to take into consideration the diversity of students as recommendations are developed. This report will be of interest to local and national policymakers, school officials, teachers, and the education community, researchers, professional organizations, and parents interested in physical activity, physical education, and health for school-aged children and adolescents.
Download or read book The 5 Minute Sports Medicine Consult written by Mark D. Bracker and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2012-03-28 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in its Second Edition, The 5-Minute Sports Medicine Consult is a clinically oriented quick consult reference for sports medicine. Common sports-related problems faced by primary care practitioners are thoroughly and concisely presented in the famous fast-access 5-Minute Consult format. Chapters on musculoskeletal problems cover basics; diagnosis; acute treatment, including on-field management; long-term treatment, including rehabilitation and referrals; and commonly asked questions. Other chapters address the special populations of children, adolescents, females, geriatric athletes, and disabled athletes and general medical problems in athletic individuals. Appendices include musculoskeletal radiography, office rehabilitation, and joint and soft tissue injection.
Download or read book Biology of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases written by Chaya Gopalan and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-01-11 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biology of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases combines physiology and pathophysiology of selected metabolic and cardiovascular diseases with health relevance. Written in a concise and easy to read manner, the book allows readers to gain an understanding on a number of topics, including cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology and how it relates to the development of insulin resistance, diabetes and other metabolic diseases. The book also highlights the relevance of obesity in the development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and emphasizes the benefits of exercise as a preventative measure and way to treat underlying conditions. Focuses succinctly on the physiology and pathophysiology of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases Written in a concise and easy to read manner, allowing readers to quickly understand concepts Highlights the relevance of obesity in the development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and emphasizes the benefits of exercise as a preventative measure
