Download or read book Burden sharing in Peace Operations written by Maline Meiske and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The US NATO and Military Burden Sharing written by Stephen J. Cimbala and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-10-21 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study establishes that the political, economic and military-technological changes that transform the international system also alter the way in which a state views its and others' responsibilities and burdens for responding to international crises. It assesses the distribution of the costs of raising and supporting arms of service, the risks of deploying them overseas and using them in combat or peace operations, and the extent to which members have a responsibility for maintaining international order in the context of three instances of multinational military intervention: the Multinational Force deployment in Lebanon in 1982-83; the first Persian Gulf War in 1990-91; and the UN and NATO intervention in Bosnia-Herzegovina.

Download or read book United Nations Peacekeeping Challenge written by Anna Powles and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-03-09 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing from a diverse range of military, policing, academic and policymakers’ experiences, this book seeks to provide solutions of how national militaries and police can work together to better support future United Nations peacekeeping operations. It addresses the growing tension between increasing non-combat related responsibilities being placed on land forces and the ability of UN peacekeeping forces to fulfil the demands of government and development tasks in fragile and conflict-affected environments. An original contribution to the debate on UN peacekeeping reforms that includes constructing an enhanced partnership for peacekeeping; building on renewed commitment to share the burden and for regional cooperation; providing peacekeepers with the necessary capabilities to protect civilians; and supporting nations in transition from conflict to stabilisation. This book offers the very latest in informed analysis and decision-making on UN peacekeeping reform.

Download or read book International Peacekeeping written by Paul Francis Diehl and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the end of the Cold War, U.S. officials have been more willing to remind allies that the United States will not play the role of international policeman. Given U.S. reluctance, the job of peacekeeping will fall increasingly to international organizations and regional alliances. In International Peacekeeping Paul Diehl examines the recent record of United Nations peacekeeping forces and develops criteria for assessing their operations. His analysis provides useful guidance for the management of new hostilities in areas such as Central and Eastern Europe, where the dissolution of the Soviet Union has spawned bitter civil wars and dangerous border disputes. Diehl identifies three sets of factors that affect traditional international peacekeeping operations. He begins by discussing the practical concerns of peacekeeping efforts, such as force composition, organization, and deployment. He then examines issues related to the political and military context in which the forces are deployed, including the nature of the conflict and the involvement of third parties. Finally, he considers the authorization by the relevant international body - usually the United Nations - as it relates to the mission's mandate, policies, and financing. He concludes by analyzing the viability of new roles for U.N. peacekeeping troops, such as humanitarian assistance, and by exploring structural alternatives to U.N. peacekeeping operations.

Download or read book NATO Burden sharing and Keeping the Peace written by Brent John Sackett and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since NATO was founded in 1949, the issue of burden-sharing has been fiercely debated. Members have argued about what constitutes a fair contribution and who is getting the most benefit. During the early days, America's monopoly on nuclear weapons led to U.S. overcontribution and free riding by the poorer members. After NATO moved to a flexible response military strategy, conventional weapons became more relevant and burden-sharing came to be more balanced. Since the 1992 Oslo declaration committed the alliance to out-of-area crisis response, burden-sharing has changed again. Using the NATO air operations in the Balkans conflict as a case study, I show that burden-sharing has again shifted towards exploitation of wealthier members. Rather than using military expenditures as a contribution measurement, I examine aircraft and sortie contributions to the combat operations. Based on a Spearman rank correlation test using aircraft contributions, I find evidence that the rich carried a disproportional burden in the conflict. The exploitation was more pronounced when I examined the sorties flown by each nation, showing that the richer members flew their aircraft disproportionately more than the poorer ones. Examining contributions of the more complex and expensive support aircraft resulted in even stronger evidence of exploitation. In addition, the U.S. became an extreme outlier when I examined the sorties flown by these support aircraft. No other member was able to provide these critical types of sorties. These results endorse the argument that a capabilities gap exists in NATO. When I compared these defense burdens to benefit measurements, I find a lack of concordance between burdens and benefits during the Kosovo air campaign. Many European members received a larger benefit share relative to their aircraft and sortie contributions to the conflict. This suggests less cohesion in the alliance. Analysis of the contributions of support aircraft and sorties provided the strongest evidence of a three-tiered alliance with burden and benefit shares significantly out of balance. The emergence of the capabilities gap indicates that the alliance will face significant policy challenges moving forward.

Download or read book Multinational Military Intervention written by Dr Peter K Forster and published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. This book was released on 2013-03-28 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: War, as Clausewitz reminds, is the most uncertain of human political and social activities. It also imposes burdens. In an alliance among states for the promotion of collective defense or security, such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), burdens have to be shared. This study looks at the experience of the United States and other member states of NATO in four situations of multinational military intervention - Lebanon, the Persian Gulf, the Balkans, and South Asia - and considers the implications of nuclear arms reductions and nonproliferation for the US and NATO. Each case study represents an important period in the distribution of power, interest, and values, amounting to more than a sequential consideration of incidents of military intervention and/or conflict prevention. These politico-military challenges include a major coalition war, a traditional peacekeeping operation, an exercise in peace enforcement, and a conflict that combines counter-insurgency and counter-terrorism with stability and security operations.

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of United Nations Peacekeeping Operations written by Joachim Koops and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-07-09 with total page 1031 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook on United Nations Peacekeeping Operations presents an innovative, authoritative, and accessible examination and critique of the United Nations peacekeeping operations. Since the late 1940s, but particularly since the end of the cold war, peacekeeping has been a central part of the core activities of the United Nations and a major process in global security governance and the management of international relations in general. The volume will present a chronological analysis, designed to provide a comprehensive perspective that highlights the evolution of UN peacekeeping and offers a detailed picture of how the decisions of UN bureaucrats and national governments on the set-up and design of particular UN missions were, and remain, influenced by the impact of preceding operations. The volume will bring together leading scholars and senior practitioners in order to provide overviews and analyses of all 65 peacekeeping operations that have been carried out by the United Nations since 1948. As with all Oxford Handbooks, the volume will be agenda-setting in importance, providing the authoritative point of reference for all those working throughout international relations and beyond.

Download or read book Sharing the Burden of Peace written by Alexandru Balas and published by Peter Lang Incorporated, International Academic Publishers. This book was released on 2022 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most peace operations (60%) were deployed in conflicts in which other international organizations' peace operations were active at the same time. Multiple simultaneous peace operations increased from around 10% of all peace operations in 1992 to almost 60% of all peace operations. The author defines two or more peace operations deployed by international organizations at the same time, in the same conflicts as multiple simultaneous peace operations (MSPOs). We have little understanding of why we observe international organizations (IOs) deployed at the same time, in the same conflicts, and increasingly cooperating with each other to address these conflicts. This book asks the question: What factors determine cooperation between international organizations in peace operations? The author tests several rational and social constructivist explanations introducing an innovative collective principals-multiple agents framework. There are three rational-interest explanations for inter-organizational cooperation tested (resources, complementarity, and conflict complexity) and three social-constructivist explanations (social learning, security cultures similarity, and personnel nationality similarity). The research design is a multi-method approach, using statistical analysis from the author's new datasets on multiple simultaneous peace operations, data from interviews with EU officials, and case studies. There are two stages for the initiation of inter-organizational cooperation: the member-states' acquiescence and the international organizations' cooperation. At the first stage of cooperation, member-states are acquiescent to inter-organizational cooperation. At the second stage, the findings show that international organizations cooperate because they want to share the financial and human resources costs, and second, because they want to complement each other's work.

Download or read book Unintended Consequences of Peacekeeping Operations written by Chiyuki Aoi and published by UNU. This book was released on 2007 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The deployment of a large number of soldiers, police officers and civilian personnel inevitably has various effects on the host society and economy, not all of which are in keeping with the peacekeeping mandate and intent or are easily discernible prior to the intervention. This book is one of the first attempts to improve our understanding of unintended consequences of peacekeeping operations, by bringing together field experiences and academic analysis. The aim of the book is not to discredit peace operations but rather to improve the way in which such operations are planned and managed.

Download or read book Exploiting Peace Operations to Reduce Risk in the Second Major Theater War written by Michael A. Ryan and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current National Security Strategy commits the US military to fighting two nearly simultaneous Major Theater Wars (MTW) and concurrent small scale contingencies. This strategy causes the second MTW to be one of high risk. This high risk can be mitigated by primarily engaging in peace operations specifically linked to an MTW region to delay, diffuse, or eliminate potential conflict. This will require a more circumspect approach on what peace operations the US commits to and will necessitate a strategy of placing greater US reliance on allies to burden share peace operations in regions where the US cannot commit assets that may be needed to fight two MTWs.

Download or read book Exploiting Peace Operations to Reduce Risk in the Second Major Theater War written by Michael A. Ryan and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current National Security Strategy commits the US military to fighting two nearly simultaneous Major Theater Wars (MTW) and concurrent small scale contingencies. This strategy causes the second MTW to be one of high risk. This high risk can be mitigated by primarily engaging in peace operations specifically linked to an MTW region to delay, diffuse, or eliminate potential conflict. This will require a more circumspect approach on what peace operations the US commits to and will necessitate a strategy of placing greater US reliance on allies to burden share peace operations in regions where the US cannot commit assets that may be needed to fight two MTWs.

Download or read book Four Essays on Defense and Peace Economics written by Wukki Kim and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dissertation consists of four chapters on defense and peace economics related to peacekeeping operation, terrorism, and military expenditure. The first essay studies the decision making process within peacekeeping operations regarding the timing of peacekeeper deployment. This study finds that countries that could deploy more troops at their initial time of deployment and that have many previous UN PKO experiences are more likely to be leaders. Results also suggest that contributors engaging in multiple UN PKOs contemporaneously are less likely to be leaders. The second essay analyzes the effectiveness of PKOs. If the transitions from peace to conflict or from conflict to peace are correlated based on grievances or war weariness, then a multi-transition survival analysis provides more efficient estimates and may limit bias. Our analysis shows that estimates of the two transitions display a significant negative covariance. We find that UN peace enforcement missions appear to induce a transition from conflict to peace, while UN observation, traditional peacekeeping, and peacebuilding missions appear to limit a transition from peace to conflict. We also show that UN troops, rather than UN police, are more effective in transitioning from conflict to peace and in maintaining peace. With the multi-transition approach, UN PKOs performed better than non-UN PKOs in maintaining peace. In the third chapter, it studies the relationship between foreign aids and the failure of terrorist groups. This conflict aid presents recipient countries with perverse incentives because the aid ends once resident groups are removed. We introduce other empirical and conceptual innovations for analyzing military-aid-induced moral hazard. In the case of US aid recipients, the longevity of resident terrorist groups rose dramatically. The current article improves on the empirics of the pioneering article (Bapat, 2011) by showing that the moral-hazard concerns extend to other major donors - the United Kingdom, France, and Germany. The last chapter revisits NATO burden sharing during 2011-2017. Russian nationalism, enhanced transnational terrorism, and intrastate conflicts are apt to increase the publicness of NATO defense spending over the last eight years. When NATO allies' defense shares of GDP are correlated with their GDP ranks, there is clear evidence of the exploitation of the large, rich allies by the small, poor allies, indicative of allies sharing purely public defense spending since 2011. In addition, there is an absence of concordance between NATO allies' defense burdens and their derived benefit shares, consistent with greater defense publicness. Finally, we find further proof of exploitation and free riding for a broad-based measure of security spending.

Download or read book African Peacekeeping written by Jonathan Fisher and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-02-03 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An examination of how peacekeeping is woven into national, regional and international politics in Africa, and its consequences.

Download or read book UN Peacekeeping in Civil Wars written by Lise Morjé Howard and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An in-depth 2007 analysis of the sources of success and failure in UN peacekeeping missions in civil wars.

Download or read book Un Peacekeeping in Africa written by Adekeye Adebajo and published by Jacana Media. This book was released on 2012-02 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book is about the games that Great Powers play. Nearly half of all UN peacekeeping missions in the post-Cold War era have been in Africa, and the continent currently hosts the greatest number (and also the largest) of such missions in the world. Uniquely assessing five decades of UN peacekeeping in Africa, Adekeye Adebajo focuses on a series of questions: What accounts for the resurgence of UN peacekeeping efforts in Africa after the Cold War? What are the factors that have determined the success, or contributed to the failure, of the missions? Does the mandating of so many peacekeeping missions signify the failure of Africa's regional security organizations? And, crucially, how can a new division of labour be established between the UN and Africa's security organisations to more effectively manage conflicts on the continent? Adebajo's historically informed approach provides an in-depth analysis of the key domestic, regional, and external factors that shaped the outcomes of fifteen UN missions, offering critical lessons for future peacekeeping efforts in Africa and beyond." --

Download or read book Brahimi Report and the Future of UN Peace Operations written by William J. Durch and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sharing the Burden written by Benjamin Zyla and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2015-01-01 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Benjamin Zyla rejects the claim that countries like Canada have shirked their responsibilities within NATO since the fall of the Berlin Wall.