Download or read book Bridging and Relevance written by Tomoko Matsui and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2000-09-15 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While it has long been taken for granted that context or background information plays a crucial role in reference assignment, there have been very few serious attempts to investigate exactly how they are used. This study provides an answer to the question through an extensive analysis of cases of bridging. The book demonstrates that when encountering a referring expression, the hearer is able to choose a set of contextual assumptions intended by the speaker in a principled way, out of all the assumptions possibly available to him. It claims more specifically that the use of context, as well as the assignment of referent, is governed by a single pragmatic principle, namely, the principle of relevance (Sperber & Wilson 1986/1995), which is also a single principle governing overall utterance interpretation. The explanatory power of the criterion based on the principle of relevance is tested against the two major, current alternatives — truth-based criteria and coherence-based criteria — using data elicited in a battery of referent assignment questionnaires. The results show clearly that the relevance-based criterion has more predictive power to handle a wider range of examples than any other existing criterion. As such, this work adds to the growing body of evidence supporting the insights of relevance theory. The work has been awarded the 2001 Ichikawa Award for the best achievement in English Linguistics by a young scholar in Japan.
Download or read book Bridging and Relevance written by Tomoko Matsui and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2000 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While it has long been taken for granted that context or background information plays a crucial role in reference assignment, there have been very few serious attempts to investigate exactly how they are used. This study provides an answer to the question through an extensive analysis of cases of bridging. The book demonstrates that when encountering a referring expression, the hearer is able to choose a set of contextual assumptions intended by the speaker in a principled way, out of all the assumptions possibly available to him. It claims more specifically that the use of context, as well as the assignment of referent, is governed by a single pragmatic principle, namely, the principle of relevance (Sperber & Wilson 1986/1995), which is also a single principle governing overall utterance interpretation. The explanatory power of the criterion based on the principle of relevance is tested against the two major, current alternatives truth-based criteria and coherence-based criteria using data elicited in a battery of referent assignment questionnaires. The results show clearly that the relevance-based criterion has more predictive power to handle a wider range of examples than any other existing criterion. As such, this work adds to the growing body of evidence supporting the insights of relevance theory. The work has been awarded the 2001 Ichikawa Award for the best achievement in English Linguistics by a young scholar in Japan.
Download or read book Bridging Theory and Practice in Teacher Education written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses both the concerns of teacher candidates and their misconceptions about the relation of theory and practice in education. The contributors to this volume share the belief that theories provide teachers with a frame of reference and a language with which to name and critically analyze many of the problems they face daily.
Download or read book Bridging Inferences written by Matthias Irmer and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011-07-28 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents work on bridging inferences in discourse interpretation. It develops a formalization that permits integrating indirect anaphora in the construction of a structured discourse representation. From a broader perspective, it provides a suitable dynamic-logic framework which can account for underspecifications in cohesion and coherence of discourses by either inferentially resolving or contextually constraining them. Special attention is given to the resolution of bridging anaphora by means of integrating encyclopedic knowledge encoded in FrameNet into a formal theory of discourse structure as provided by Segmented Discourse Representation Theory. A second focus lies on the discourse effects of Clitic Left Dislocation in Spanish. In addition, the book provides a synopsis of the problems, methods, approaches, and desiderata of research on text, context, and discourse interpretation from formal, computational, cognitive, and psychological points of view. Central topics include pragmatic inferences and defeasible reasoning, the Common Ground, cohesion and anaphora resolution, coherence and discourse structure, and discourse interpretation. The volume may thus also serve as a reference book on text meaning and context.
Download or read book Relevance and Irrelevance written by Jan Strassheim and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-09-24 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Relevance drives our actions and channels our attention; it shapes how we make sense of the world and communicate with each other. Irrelevance spreads a twilight which blurs the line between information we do not want to access and information we cannot access. In disciplines as diverse as philosophy, sociology, the information sciences and linguistics, “relevance” has been proposed as a key concept. This book is the first to bring together the often unrelated traditions. Researchers from different fields discuss relevance and relate it to the challenges of “irrelevance”, which have so far been neglected despite their significance for our chances of making well-informed decisions and understanding others. The contributions focus on theoretical and conceptual questions, on specific factors and fields, and on practical and political implications of relevance and irrelevance as forces which are even stronger when they remain in the background.
Download or read book Bridging the Information Gap written by Nils Ringe and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2013-10-08 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By cutting across party and committee lines, legislative member organizations facilitate the flow of vital information
Download or read book Bridging Linguistics and Economics written by Cécile B. Vigouroux and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-03-19 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By bridging the gap between linguistics and economics, this book sheds light on a range of mutually valuable topics.
Download or read book Global Social Media Design written by Huatong Sun and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social media users fracture into tribes, but social media ecosystems are globally interconnected technically, socially, culturally, and economically. At the crossroads, Sun presents theory, method, and case studies to uncover the global interconnectedness of social media design and to bridge differences. She articulates a critical design framework with design tools to redress asymmetrical relations in everyday practice, and provides three cross-cultural social media design and use cases: Facebook Japan, Weibo, and global competition of WhatsApp, WeChat, LINE, and KakaoTalk. She calls to reshape the crossroads into a design square where differences are nourished as resources, where diverse discourses interact for innovation, and where alternative epistemes thrive.
Download or read book Bridging Cultures Between Home and School written by Elise Trumbull and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2001-04 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduces prospective/in-service teachers to an anthropological framework & to research & practice base that will help them be more successful in teaching students from various immigrant cultures. Focuses on home-school communication & parent involvemen
Download or read book The Knowledge Translation Toolkit written by Gavin Bennett and published by IDRC. This book was released on 2011-06-06 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Knowledge Translation Toolkit provides a thorough overview of what knowledge translation (KT) is and how to use it most effectively to bridge the "know-do" gap between research, policy, practice, and people. It presents the theories, tools, and strategies required to encourage and enable evidence-informed decision-making. This toolkit builds upon extensive research into the principles and skills of KT: its theory and literature, its evolution, strategies, and challenges. The book covers an array of crucial KT enablers--from context mapping to evaluative thinking--supported by practical examples, implementation guides, and references. Drawing from the experience of specialists in relevant disciplines around the world, The Knowledge Translation Toolkit aims to enhance the capacity and motivation of researchers to use KT and to use it well. The Tools in this book will help researchers ensure that their good science reaches more people, is more clearly understood, and is more likely to lead to positive action. In sum, their work becomes more useful, and therefore, more valuable.
Download or read book Chasing Relevance written by Dan Negroni and published by . This book was released on 2018-04 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: today¿s millennial workforce is all too often misjudged andmisunderstood because most of us can¿t communicate with thisfast-moving, diverse and growing generation. we better learn how.By 2025 they will make up 75% of our employees and customers, and by 2017 they willcarry the bulk of the world¿s spending power. Companies that want to thrive and succeedcannot afford to ignore them.Chasing Relevance empowers businesses and their leaders by bridging youth andexperience to create powerful, connected workplaces.Chasing Relevance delivers a step-by-step framework that teaches organizational leadershow to bust through generational disconnects and find their own relevance to trulyunderstand, engage and maximize their millennial employees and customers.
Download or read book How People Learn written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-09-11 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First released in the Spring of 1999, How People Learn has been expanded to show how the theories and insights from the original book can translate into actions and practice, now making a real connection between classroom activities and learning behavior. This edition includes far-reaching suggestions for research that could increase the impact that classroom teaching has on actual learning. Like the original edition, this book offers exciting new research about the mind and the brain that provides answers to a number of compelling questions. When do infants begin to learn? How do experts learn and how is this different from non-experts? What can teachers and schools do-with curricula, classroom settings, and teaching methodsâ€"to help children learn most effectively? New evidence from many branches of science has significantly added to our understanding of what it means to know, from the neural processes that occur during learning to the influence of culture on what people see and absorb. How People Learn examines these findings and their implications for what we teach, how we teach it, and how we assess what our children learn. The book uses exemplary teaching to illustrate how approaches based on what we now know result in in-depth learning. This new knowledge calls into question concepts and practices firmly entrenched in our current education system. Topics include: How learning actually changes the physical structure of the brain. How existing knowledge affects what people notice and how they learn. What the thought processes of experts tell us about how to teach. The amazing learning potential of infants. The relationship of classroom learning and everyday settings of community and workplace. Learning needs and opportunities for teachers. A realistic look at the role of technology in education.
Download or read book THE GENERATION OF BRIDGING ANAPHORA IN STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS DISCOURSE written by WEI ZHAO and published by American Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-10-22 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study mainly focuses on the revision and extension of two Rules of Standard Centering Theory (Pronoun Rule and Transition Rule) to develop the constraints on the generation algorithm of bridging anaphora (BA) in stream-of-consciousness (SOC) discourse from a revised Centering perspective by incorporating the revised neo-Gricean pragmatic M-principle into the standard Centering. The Centering Theory combined with the revised neo-Gricean pragmatic M-principle is supposed to impose some grammatical and pragmatic constraints on backward-looking center realization and movement. It provides theoretical rationale for an account of constraints on full noun phrase and elliptical zero pronoun bridging anaphora generation in terms of the interaction and the division of labor between syntax and pragmatics. As to both, one cannot alone handle bridging anaphora without the other. Even though syntax and pragmatics operate at distinct levels of linguistic explanation, they appear to interact systematically in the case of bridging anaphora generation. On the one hand, syntax sets certain restrictions on salience and distributions of bridging anaphora and regulates the part of interpretation which is related to grammatical structure. On the other hand, the choice of bridging anaphoric expressions by writers and their interpretation by readers heavily dependents on preference which is regulated by the M-principle of language use and communication. Hence, the bridging anaphora generation algorithm based on the incorporation of the revised neo-Gricean pragmatic M-principle of communication into Centering provides a neat and reasonable explanation for bridging full noun phrase and elliptical zero pronoun generation.
Download or read book Bridging Cultures written by Carrie Rothstein-Fisch and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003-10-17 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Professional development resource for teacher educators, based on the Bridging Cultures Project to improve homeschool communication and parent involvement.
Download or read book Bridging Scales and Knowledge Systems written by Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (Program) and published by . This book was released on 2006-10-30 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridging the gap between local knowledge and western science is essential to understanding the world's ecosystems and the ways in which humans interact with and shape those ecosystems. This book brings together a group of world-class scientists in an unprecedented effort to build a formal framework for linking local and indigenous knowledge with the global scientific enterprise. Contributors explore the challenges, costs, and benefits of bridging scales and knowledge systems in assessment processes and in resource management. Case studies look at a variety of efforts to bridge scales, providing important lessons concerning what has worked, what has not, and the costs and benefits associated with those efforts. Drawing on the groundbreaking work of the Millennium Eco-system Assessment, Bridging Scales and Knowledge Systems will be indispensable for future efforts to conduct ecosystem assessments around the world.
Download or read book Bridging the Scholar Practitioner Gap in Human Resources Development written by Hughes, Claretha and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2016-03-17 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human resource professionals are an essential part of an organization; by helping to establish a rapport between employees and their managers and providing individual support, they ensure the overall well-being and success of an establishment. However, in certain sectors, such as academia or industrial settings, their role still remains unclear. Bridging the Scholar-Practitioner Gap in Human Resources Development examines the knowledge breach in the role of human resources professionals and the pivotal role they play in an organization. Featuring timely research, future implications, and practical applications of theoretical assumptions, this publication is a pivotal source for professionals, practitioners, academics, and researchers interested in the impact human resources specialists have in organizational settings.
Download or read book Bridging the Relationship Gap written by Sara E. Langworthy and published by Redleaf Press. This book was released on 2015-11-23 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Relationships play an important role in human development, especially in the first years of life. Bridging the Relationship Gap provides caregivers tools and encouragement to be the strong, positive, and nurturing adult these children need in order to thrive. Learn more about the factors that contribute to the achievement and relationship gap, including ecological, biological, and cultural differences. Most importantly, find many tools and resources to help you more effectively deal with the tough situations and become each child's strongest ally. Sara Langworthy, PhD, currently serves as policy coordinator for Extension Children, Youth, and Family Consortium at the University of Minnesota.
