Download or read book Timber Bridges written by Michael A. Ritter and published by Datamotion Publishing LLC. This book was released on 1990 with total page 916 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a comprehensive analysis of the design, construction, inspection, and maintenance of timber bridges.
Download or read book Timber Bridges written by Michael A. Ritter and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 980 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a comprehensive analysis of the design, construction, inspection, and maintenance of timber bridges.
Download or read book Bridges written by Robyn Hardyman and published by The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. This book was released on 2016-12-15 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridges are some of the most beautiful and useful products of math we encounter in our daily lives. This detailed text will teach readers exciting and age-appropriate facts about the engineering behind these structural wonders. Readers will see record-breaking masterpieces from across the globe, such as “living bridges” built into trees in India. Spectacular photographs, an easy-to-read map, and fun fact boxes will engage all readers. A concluding engineering activity is perfect for kinesthetic learners who love to work with their hands!
Download or read book Wood Bridges written by Wallace E. Eslyn and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wood Bridges written by Wallace E. Eslyn and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book American Wooden Bridges written by American Society of Civil Engineers. Committee on History and Heritage of American Civil Engineering and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Treatise on Wooden Trestle Bridges written by Wolcott Cronk Foster and published by . This book was released on 1894 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Species Identification and Design Value Estimation of Wooden Members in Covered Bridges written by Alex C. Wiedenhoeft and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book American Barns and Covered Bridges written by Eric Sloane and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This lovingly written book presents reliable records of such vanishing forms of architecture as the American barn and covered bridge. Delightful anecdotes accompany accurate line drawings of barns attached to houses, an "open" log barn in Virginia, a "top hat" barn in North Carolina, and more. Over 75 black-and-white illustrations.
Download or read book Wood in Transportation Program written by Wood in Transportation Program (U.S.). and published by . This book was released on with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chinese Bridges written by Ronald G. Knapp and published by Tuttle Publishing. This book was released on 2012-03-13 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridges, the least known and understood of China's many wonders, are one of its most striking and resilient feats of architectural prowess. Chinese Bridges brings together a thorough look at the marvels of Chinese bridge design from one of the world's leading experts on Chinese culture and historical geography, Ronald G. Knapp. While many consider bridges to be merely utilitarian civil engineering, the bridges of China move beyond that stereotype, as many are undeniably dramatic, even majestic and daring. Chinese Bridges illustrates in detail 20 well-preserved ancient bridges along with descriptions and essays on the distinctive architectural elements shared by the various designs. For the first time in an English-language book, Chinese Bridges records scores of newly discovered bridges across China's vast landscape, illustrated with over 400 color photographs, as well as woodblock prints, historic images, paintings and line drawings.
Download or read book Timber Bridges written by Michael A. Ritter and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 980 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Timber Bridges written by Michael A. Ritter and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Timber's strength, light weight, and energy-absorbing properties furnish features desirable for bridge construction. Timber is capable of supporting short-term overloads without adverse effects. Contrary to popular belief, large wood members provide good fire resistance qualities that meet or exceed those of other materials in severe fire exposures. From an economic standpoint, wood is competitive with other materials on a first-cost basis and shows advantages when life cycle costs are compared. Timber bridges can be constructed in virtually any weather conditions, without detriment to the material. Wood is not damaged by continuous freezing and thawing and resists harmful effects of de-icing agents, which cause deterioration in other bridge materials. Timber bridges do not require special equipment for installation and can normally be constructed without highly skilled labor. They also present a natural and aesthetically pleasing appearance, particularly in natural surroundings. The misconception that wood provides a short service life has plagued timber as a construction material. Although wood is susceptible to decay or insect attack under specific conditions, it is inherently a very durable material when protected from moisture. Many covered bridges built during the 19th century have lasted over 100 years because they were protected from direct exposure to the elements. In modem applications, it is seldom practical or economical to cover bridges; however, the use of wood preservatives has extended the life of wood used in exposed bridge applications. Using modem application techniques and preservative chemicals, wood can now be effectively protected from deterioration for periods of 50 years or longer. In addition, wood treated with preservatives requires little maintenance and no painting. Another misconception about wood as a bridge material is that its use is limited to minor structures of no appreciable size. This belief is probably based on the fact that trees for commercial timber are limited in size and are normally harvested before they reach maximum size. Although tree diameter limits the size of sawn lumber, the advent of glued-laminated timber (glulam) some 40 years ago provided designers with several compensating alternatives. Glulam, which is the most widely used modem timber bridge material, is manufactured by bonding sawn lumber laminations together with waterproof structural adhesives. Thus, glulam members are virtually unlimited in depth, width, and length and can be manufactured in a wide range of shapes. Glulam provides higher design strengths than sawn lumber and provides better utilization of the available timber resource by permitting the manufacture of large wood structural elements from smaller lumber sizes. Technological advances in laminating over the past four decades have further increased the suitability and performance of wood for modern highway bridge applications.
Download or read book Toward Structural Mechanics Through Wooden Bridges in France 1716 1841 written by Chiara Tardini and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-13 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early applications of Navier’s beam theory to the rational design of structures are documented in the Annales of the French Ecole des Ponts et Chaussées and refer to the design of three wooden bridges built in France in the 1840's. Revisiting these examples, the book provides documentation on the progressive establishment of the new design approach, based on the theory of structural mechanics rather than empirical knowledge. The bridges concerned were built according to the structural scheme patented by Ithiel Town in the USA, witnessing the diffusion in Europe of the American advancements in bridge design, circulated by the travel reports of French engineers from the Ecole. Through the exam of French treatises discussing the progress of theoretical formulations in parallel with experimental findings in the 18th and 19th centuries, the book retraces as well the long path which led to the formulation of Navier’s theory. The relevant scientific debate dealt mainly with the specific case of wood bridges; the text outlines a brief history of bridges built in the Alpine area at the time, based on unpublished iconographic materials from various European archives.
Download or read book Assessment of the Environmental Effects Associated with Wooden Bridges Preserved with Creosote Pentachlorophenol Or Chromated Copper Arsenate written by Kenneth M. Brooks and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Timber bridges provide an economical alternative to concrete and steel structures, particularly in rural areas with light to moderate vehicle traffic. Wooden components of these bridges are treated with chromated copper arsenate type C (CCA), pentachlorophenol, or creosote to prolong the life of the structure from a few years to many decades. This results in reduced transportation infrastructure costs and increased public safety. However, the preservative used to treat the wooden components in timber bridges is lost to the environment in small amounts over time. This report describes the concentration of wood preservatives lost to adjacent environments and the biological response to these preservatives as environmental contaminants. Six bridges from various states were examined for risk assessment: two creosote treated bridges, two pentachlorophenol-treated bridges, and two CCA-treated bridges. In all cases, the largest bridges located in biologically active environments associated with slow-flowing water were selected to represent worst-case analyses. Sediment and water column concentrations of preservative were analyzed upstream from, under, and downstream from each bridge. The observed levels of contaminant were compared with available regulatory standards or benchmarks and with the quantitative description of the aquatic invertebrate community sampled from vegetation and sediments. Pentachlorophenol- and creosote-derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were not observed in the water near any of the selected bridges. However, low levels of PAHs were observed in the sediments under and immediately downstream from these bridges. Pentachlorophenol concentrations did not approach toxicological benchmarks. Sediment concentrations of naphthalene, acenaphthylene, and phenanthrene exceeded the probable effect level. Metal levels at the bridges treated with CCA were less than predicted effect levels, in spite of questionable construction practices. Adverse biological effects were not observed in the aquatic invertebrate community or laboratory bioassays conducted on water and sediments sampled at each of the bridges. Results of this study reveal the need to follow the construction information found in Best Management Practices for the Use of Treated Wood In Aquatic Environments published by Western Wood Preservers Institute. Regulatory benchmarks used in risk assessments of this type need to be indexed to local environmental conditions. The robust invertebrate communities associated with slow-moving streams over soft bottoms were not susceptible to the concentrations of PAHs that would be expected to affect more sensitive taxa, which typically are located in faster moving water over hard bottoms. Contaminants released from timber bridges into these faster systems (where more sensitive taxa are located) are significantly diluted and not found at biologically significant levels.
Download or read book Bridges Across Delaware River at Wilmington Delaware written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce and published by . This book was released on 1929 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Model Railroader s Guide to Bridges Trestles Tunnels written by Jeff Wilson and published by Kalmbach Publishing, Co.. This book was released on 2005 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Build realistic bridges and tunnel portals, from simple culverts and wood beam bridges to majestic stone arches and steel viaducts. Discover how different types of bridges and trestles are used, with historic and contemporary prototype photos, and strategies for modeling, painting, and weathering scale models.
