Download or read book Breast Cancer in African American Women Molecular Analysis of Differences in Incidence and Outcomes written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breast cancer mortality in higher among West African and African American women than it is among caucasian women in the United States, but the reasons for theses difference are not known. To devise effective methods for preventing breast cancer, we must understand which factors alone or in combination raise the risk of triggering a tumor, and which factors protect against the disease. Specific goals for the proposed research are to: (I) identify and validate the risk factors that can be modified to reduce breast cancer risk, and (2) achieve a better understanding of how various genetic and environmental factors interact to affect the risk of breast cancer. To reach these goals, we need a multidisciplinary training program and greater collaboration among investigators from diverse disciplines and institutions. The goal of the current proposal is to obtain the necessary training needed to create an atmosphere at the Cancer Center at Howard University as a leading breast cancer training institute it is also critical that multidisciplinary training take place so that individuals can participate effectively in multi-investigator collaborations that bring basic research discoveries to the bedside. Breast cancer research is increasingly becoming a multidisciplinary endeavor that requires a strong training program and better communication among investigators. Appropriate animal models and models of human mammary cell and organ culture are urgently needed to accelerate progress in breast cancer research. This realm of research will require resources for necessary training, the development of animal models, technology development and access, and collaboration between Walter Reed Army Institute of Research and the Howard Cancer Center in diverse disciplines. Workshops in animal handling techniques by Division of Veterinary Medicine, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research will be provided for Howard investigators.

Download or read book Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos written by Amelie G. Ramirez and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-21 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book gives an overview of the sessions, panel discussions, and outcomes of the Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos conference, held in February 2018 in San Antonio, Texas, USA, and hosted by the Mays Cancer Center and the Institute for Health Promotion Research at UT Health San Antonio. Latinos – the largest, youngest, and fastest-growing minority group in the United States – are expected to face a 142% rise in cancer cases in coming years. Although there has been substantial advancement in cancer prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment over the past few decades, addressing Latino cancer health disparities has not nearly kept pace with progress. The diverse and dynamic group of speakers and panelists brought together at the Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos conference provided in-depth insights as well as progress and actionable goals for Latino-focused basic science research, clinical best practices, community interventions, and what can be done by way of prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer in Latinos. These insights have been translated into the chapters included in this compendium; the chapters summarize the presentations and include current knowledge in the specific topic areas, identified gaps, and top priority areas for future cancer research in Latinos. Topics included among the chapters: Colorectal cancer disparities in Latinos: Genes vs. Environment Breast cancer risk and mortality in women of Latin American origin Differential cancer risk in Latinos: The role of diet Overcoming barriers for Latinos on cancer clinical trials Es tiempo: Engaging Latinas in cervical cancer research Emerging policies in U.S. health care Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos proves to be an indispensable resource offering key insights into actionable targets for basic science research, suggestions for clinical best practices and community interventions, and novel strategies and advocacy opportunities to reduce health disparities in Latino communities. It will find an engaged audience among researchers, academics, physicians and other healthcare professionals, patient advocates, students, and others with an interest in the broad field of Latino cancer.

Download or read book Examination of Genetic Changes Associated with Breast Cancer Disparities Across Multiple Ethnicities written by Ashley E. Green and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breast cancer is of a primary concern in women, although it can occur in men. It is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths amongst women, and it is estimated that roughly 39,840 women will die of this disease this year. Breast cancer occurs across all populations and ethnicities. When African-Americans (AA) present with breast cancer, they usually have poorly differentiated tumors, and are more likely to be diagnosed with an advanced stage tumor. When compared to Caucasian (Cau) women, African-American women also have higher breast cancer mortality. The causes of these differences are not yet definitively known, but it has been suggested that the disparities that are present between African-American and Caucasian women are due to a number of factors. A few which have been mentioned are differences in Body Mass Index (BMI), socioeconomic status, health care coverage, and the level of obtained education that exists between the two ethnic groups. Although these factors may account for a small percentage of the difference seen between the two ethnic groups, the underlying cause that may explain why African-American women are at a greater risk of developing aggressive breast cancer may be due to differences in gene expression. A focus of my research project is the comparison of genome-wide gene expression differences between African-American and Caucasian women. Preliminary results from the comparison of normal breast tissue (obtained from reduction mammoplasty) from Caucasian and African-American women suggest there are marked differences in gene expression patterns. Pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes shows that they are involved in protein folding and the immune response. I am currently expanding this study to include a comparison of 10 AA to 10 Cau normal breast samples. These samples are being LCM dissected to separately compare gene expression in epithelial and stromal tissue. Cross comparisons between ethnic groups and tissue types will provide an understanding of normally occurring differences between AA and Cau women, which may help to explain the observed cancer disparities. Data from the study of normal tissue will be compared to gene expression data from triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients from both ethnicities.

Download or read book Health United States 2016 with Chartbook on Long Term Trends in Health written by National Center for Health Statistics and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2017-08-16 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This annual overview report of national trends in health statistics contains a Chartbook that assesses the nation's health by presenting trends and current information on selected measures of morbidity, mortality, health care utilization and access, health risk factors, prevention, health insurance, and personal health-care expenditures. Chapters devoted to population characteristics, prevention, health risk factors, health care resources, personal health care expenditures, health insurance, and trend tables may provide the health/medical statistician, data analyst, biostatistician with additional information to complete experimental studies or provide necessary research for pharmaceutical companies to gain data for modeling and sampling. Undergraduate students engaged in applied mathematics or statistical compilations to graduate students completing biostatistics degree programs to include statistical inference principles, probability, sampling methods and data analysis as well as specialized medical statistics courses relating to epidemiology and other health topics may be interested in this volume. Related products: Your Guide to Choosing a Nursing Home or Other Long-Term Services & Supports available here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/your-guide-choosing-nursing-home-or-other-long-term-services-supports Health Insurance Coverage in the United States, 2014 available here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/health-insurance-coverage-united-states-2014 "Some System of the Nature Here Proposed": Joseph Lovell's Remarks on the Sick Report, Northern Department, U.S. Army, 1817, and the Rise of the Modern US Army Medical Department can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/some-system-nature-here-proposed-joseph-lovells-remarks-sick-report-northern-department-us Guide to Clinical Preventive Services 2014: Recommendations of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (ePub) -Free digital eBook download available at the US Government Online Bookstore here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/guide-clinical-preventive-services-2014-recommendations-us-preventive-services-task-force --Also available for FREE digital eBook download from Apple iBookstore, BarnesandNoble.com (Nook Bookstore), Google Play eBookstore, and Overdrive -Please use ISBN: 9780160926426 to search these commercial platforms.

Download or read book Breast Cancer Metastasis and Drug Resistance written by Aamir Ahmad and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-08-27 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Resistance to therapies, both targeted and systemic, and metastases to distant organs are the underlying causes of breast cancer-associated mortality. The second edition of Breast Cancer Metastasis and Drug Resistance brings together some of the leading experts to comprehensively understand breast cancer: the factors that make it lethal, and current research and clinical progress. This volume covers the following core topics: basic understanding of breast cancer (statistics, epidemiology, racial disparity and heterogeneity), metastasis and drug resistance (bone metastasis, trastuzumab resistance, tamoxifen resistance and novel therapeutic targets, including non-coding RNAs, inflammatory cytokines, cancer stem cells, ubiquitin ligases, tumor microenvironment and signaling pathways such as TRAIL, JAK-STAT and mTOR) and recent developments in the field (epigenetic regulation, microRNAs-mediated regulation, novel therapies and the clinically relevant 3D models). Experts also discuss the advances in laboratory research along with their translational and clinical implications with an overarching goal to improve the diagnosis and prognosis, particularly that of breast cancer patients with advanced disease.

Download or read book Cancer and Elders of Color Opportunities for Reducing Health Disparities written by John A. Capitman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-06-04 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 2005. The prevention, detection and treatment of cancer has received enormous scientific and clinical attention in the US and in other developed countries. However, there has been no comprehensive review of the racial/ethnic disparities in cancer among elders, nor the opportunities for cancer prevention within the Medicare population. In this important work, John A. Capitman, Sarita Bhalotra and Mathilda Ruwe address this deficiency. The evidence report summarized in this book offers systematic syntheses of prior published research and qualitative assessments of emerging approaches in order to illustrate and clarify some of the debates surrounding cancer disparities. Based on a large-scale US government-funded review of existing literature and case studies of model programs by a multidisciplinary team, this key work: * Provides a comprehensive approach to cancer etiology and prevalence among older people; * Integrates genetic, epidemiological, medical care, health services research and social science interpretive frames and current knowledge for cancer control; * Explores existing research on reduction in cancer risks through lifestyle modification and the potential applicability of this research to elders of color; * Explores the implementation experiences of model programs to reduce cancer care inequalities * Develops a conceptual framework of cancer detection and treatment systems across multiple anatomical cancer sites; * Examines opportunities for screening, treatment and follow-up service enhancement for elders of color; * Fills gaps in current published systematic reviews with respect to older people.

Download or read book Breast Cancer in African American Women written by Lovell Allan Jones and published by . This book was released on 2001-11-30 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines the overall incidence of breast cancer in African Americans and strives to understand why the incidence in African Americans is 12 per cent higher than in the Caucasian Americans, and why the mortality rate is 29 per cent higher. The authors examine the potential causes for such differences (from differences in treatment to differences in the progression of the disease itself). Questions for future research are outlined.

Download or read book Radical and Ethnic Differences in Breast Cancer Risk Factors written by Esther M. John and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With funding from the Department of Defense, the National Cancer Institute, and the California Breast Cancer Research Program we conducted a population-based case-control study of breast cancer in women aged 35-79 who self-identified as Latina, African-American or White. Based on interview data on 1290 cases and 1611 controls, we found that lifetime physical activity reduced breast cancer risk in all three racial/ethnic groups. Phytoestrogen intake was not associated with risk. The data suggest that vitamin D exposures may reduce risk among Whites. Associations with these newly hypothesized factors and with the standard breast cancer risk factors (i.e., demographic and personal characteristics, menstrual and reproductive factors, body size characteristics) were generally similar across the three racial/ethnic groups, but there was considerable variation in exposure prevalence rates. For some, but not all of the exposures considered, the prevalence rates paralleled the incidence rates in the three populations. We estimated relative attributable risk fractions and found that the factors evaluated in this study explained a larger proportion of the differences in incidence among younger women (aged 35-49) than older women (aged 50-79). Also, the factors considered explained more of the difference in incidence between Latinas and Whites than between African-Americans and Whites.

Download or read book Cancer Care Delivery and Women s Health written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer care delivery refers to the multiple layers of the health care system that interact to affect outcomes for patients with cancer and the quality of that care. The factors included in the care delivery system that potentially alter outcomes include social dynamics, financing systems, organizational structures and processes, health technologies, provider and individual behaviors. Because women's health care has its own unique challenges, the intersection between cancer care delivery and women's health is to be examined in this Frontiers in Oncology issue. The unique opportunities and challenges of improving the health care system for women with breast and gynecologic cancers are to be explored in depth. We will visit many topics of cancer care delivery with the unique perspective geared towards the care of women's malignancies.

Download or read book Breast Cancer Screening in Racialized Women written by Aziza Mahamoud and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Unequal Burden of Cancer written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-06-11 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We know more about cancer prevention, detection, and treatment than ever beforeâ€"yet not all segments of the U.S. population have benefited to the fullest extent possible from these advances. Some ethnic minorities experience more cancer than the majority population, and poor peopleâ€"no matter what their ethnicityâ€"often lack access to adequate cancer care. This book provides an authoritative view of cancer as it is experienced by ethnic minorities and the medically underserved. It offers conclusions and recommendations in these areas: Defining and understanding special populations, and improving the collection of cancer-related data. Setting appropriate priorities for and increasing the effectiveness of specific National Institutes of Health (NIH) research programs, to ensure that special populations are represented in clinical trials. Disseminating research results to health professionals serving these populations, with sensitivity to the issues of cancer survivorship. The book provides background data on the nation's struggle against cancer, activities and expenditures of the NIH, and other relevant topics.

Download or read book Racial ethnic Disparities in Risk of Breast Cancer Mortality by Molecular Subtype and Stage at Diagnosis written by Nicole Catalina Lorona and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous research has found significant survival disparities between African-American and white women among select stages and subtypes of breast cancer, however other racial/ethnic groups have been less well-studied. This study expands on previous research, examining differences in breast cancer-specific mortality across multiple racial and ethnic groups. Women diagnosed with a first primary invasive breast cancer between 2010 and 2016 who were 20 years of age or older at diagnosis were identified in the SEER database. Subtypes were defined by joint hormone receptor (HR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status. Cox proportional hazards models for each stage and subtype were fit, with non-Hispanic white women as the reference group. Effect modification by age at diagnosis (

Download or read book Breast Cancer in Young Women written by Oreste Gentilini and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-07 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This contributed book covers all aspects concerning the clinical scenario of breast cancer in young women, providing physicians with the latest information on the topic. Young women are a special subset of patients whose care requires dedicated expertise. The book, written and edited by internationally recognized experts who have been directly involved in the international consensus guidelines for breast cancer in young women, pays particular attention to how the disease and its planned treatment can be effectively communicated to young patients. Highly informative and carefully structured, it provides both theoretical and practice-oriented insight for practitioners and professionals involved in the different phases of treatment, from diagnosis to intervention, to follow-up – without neglecting the important role played by prevention.

Download or read book Disparities in the Treatment of Early Breast Cancer written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Context: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death among US women. Compounding the impact of breast cancer are significant age and race differences that have been noted in the incidence and mortality of breast cancer. The elderly suffer disproportionately from the burden of breast cancer because they are a rapidly growing population in the US and they also have relatively higher mortality and morbidity from this disease. There is conclusive evidence of the efficacy of adjuvant systemic treatment in prolonging survival. However, very little is known about the frequency of use of this treatment in the elderly. On the other hand, racial differences in breast cancer reveal that although black women have lower incidence of breast cancer than whites, they sustain higher mortality rates. There is evidence that the reduced survival among blacks may be attributable more to differences in socioeconomic status and access to appropriate care, rather than to biological differences between the races. Therefore, it is apparent that the elderly and ethnic minority groups, especially black women, experience poorer outcomes from their breast cancers than their counterparts. Age and race disparities in treatment of early breast cancer may be one mechanism by which these women suffer poorer outcomes. Therefore, the overall goal of this dissertation was to examine age and race disparities in the treatment of early breast cancer as articulated in the three specific aims described below. Specific Aims: The aims of this dissertation were to: (1) determine the frequency of use of adjuvant systemic treatment for early breast cancer among women 65 years of age and older, (2) examine whether differences exist in receipt of standard treatment for early breast cancer between black and white women, and (3) examine whether differences exist in delays in initiation of treatment for early breast cancer between black and white women. Design, Setting, and Patients: Aim 1 utilized data from the population-based New Jersey Cancer Registry (NJSCR) to ascertain the frequency of use of adjuvant systemic treatment among 200 women (100 fatal cases and 100 non-fatal cases) who were greater than or equal to 65 years of age and diagnosed with early stage breast cancer during 1987-1998. Study subjects were stratified based on their estrogen receptor (ER) status into ER positive and ER negative cases. NJSCR data provided information on patient and tumor characteristics as well as information on treatment received and their providers. Cancer registry data are usually obtained from hospital tumor registrars, while adjuvant systemic treatment is frequently administered on an outpatient basis. Therefore, cancer registry data was supplemented with data obtained from patients' primary care physicians and oncologists. For Aims 2 and 3 of this dissertation, a retrospective cohort study was designed using a linked NJSCR and New Jersey Medicaid dataset for the years 1997 through 2001. Participants in these studies were women 20-64 years of age who were diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer (SEER Summary Stage 'localized' and 'regional spread to lymph nodes') between January 1997 and December 2001. Women who were neither white nor black, who were diagnosed with other cancers, and whose breast cancer was not the primary cancer were excluded. The linked database was used to obtain diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment information on 237 black and 485 white women. Descriptive analyses were done to characterize the study populations for all three aims. For Aim 1, the frequency of use of surgical therapy, hormonal therapy alone, chemotherapy alone, and hormonal therapy in combination with chemotherapy was calculated separately for subjects with ER positive and ER negative tumors. Multivariate logistic regression models were constructed to examine the predictors of adjuvant hormonal and chemotherapy use. For Aim 2, logistic regression models were constructed to compare receipt of standard treatment between blacks and whites. Racial differences in breast cancer specific and overall survival were evaluated using Cox proportional hazard models. For Aim 3, we compared blacks and whites with respect to delays in initiation of surgical treatment after confirmed diagnosis, of adjuvant radiation therapy after breast conserving surgery, and of adjuvant hormonal and chemotherapy after definitive surgery. Logistic regression models were constructed to examine the association between delays in initiation of surgical treatment (greater than or equal to 1 month vs.

Download or read book Recueil sur Comptine et Homme avec femme arbre et enfant de Yves Fabrice Lebeau written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Genetic Susceptibility Factors in Aggressive Breast Cancer in African American Women and the Effects of Carcinogens and Modifiers written by Keith Crawford and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study is to identify possible genetic risk factors that might predispose African-American women to aggressive breast cancer. Plasma samples collected from African-American women, both cases and controls would be used for genotyping, and tumor tissue samples were available from cases. The study proposed a genotypic analysis of carcinogen metabolizing genes and analysis of the p53 mutations in tumor samples to determine if associations exist between enzyme genotypes and cancer risk; and if an association exists between enzyme genotypes and p53 mutational patterns in tumors. Unfortunately, technical problems related to sample quality and difficulties in genotyping methodology have lead the mentor for this career development grant to terminate the project. Problems with the study design under which the samples were originally collected would further complicate analysis of any data that could be obtained. The principal investigator for the grant has identified a new laboratory and research project in which to continue the career development award. The plasma samples have been returned to the Howard University Cancer Center, our collaborators.

Download or read book Novel Recruitment Techniques for a Study of Culture Specific Diet Metabolic Variability and Breast Cancer Risk in African American Women written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Little is known regarding explanations for racial disparities in breast cancer incidence among younger women and tumor agressiveness, perhaps because of the difficulty in enrolling African-Americans into research studies. The purpose of this pilot study was to develop a novel method of recruitment, focused primarily on minority women, and investigate previously unexplored risk factors in breast cancer epidemiology. Eligible cases and controls are contacted by women who are breast cancer survivors and asked to participate in the study. To date, interviews have been completed for 181 women, aged 29-75, with breast cancer and 48 community controls. The participation rate (the proportion of women who complete the study) for cases is 73% for Caucasian women, and 60% for African-American women. The infrastructure for case-control epidemiologic studies has been built, and a specimen bank was established to enable exploration of future hypotheses.