Download or read book Brain Tumor Invasiveness written by Ronald H. Goldfarb and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is widely appreciated that the pathophysiology of advanced brain cancer is intimately related to the extent of tumor invasiveness. A prerequisite for comprehensively understanding neuro-oncology is therefore the elucidation of the biochemical and molecular properties of tumor cells that contribute to their invasiveness. An understanding of tumor invasion for central nervous system tumors is crucial since malignant brain tumors are very highly invasive and extensively destroy adjacent neural brain tissue. Moreover, they are angiogenesis-dependent and lead to the death of patients by expanding within the limited space of the cranium. As more specific insights are gained towards a full understanding of the complex process of tumor invasiveness of brain tumor cells, it should be possible to design strategies for the early diagnosis and treatment of invasive, advanced brain tumors. There is therefore an urgent need to better understand the cellular properties of brain tumor cells responsible for invasiveness. This special issue of the JOURNAL OF NEURO-ONCOLOGY provides a state-of-the-art review of the general understanding of the process of tumor invasion. In addition, the articles emphasize specific aspects of aggressive brain cancers which are particularly important for deriving new insights for therapeutic approaches for advanced brain cancer that will target tumor invasiveness. The ideas discussed will stimulate further studies directed towards the translation of these important invasion-related studies to clinical approaches for the effective treatment of brain cancer.

Download or read book Brain Tumor Invasiveness written by Ronald H Goldfarb and published by . This book was released on 1994-10-31 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Holland Frei Cancer Medicine written by Robert C. Bast, Jr. and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-10 with total page 2004 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine, Ninth Edition, offers a balanced view of the most current knowledge of cancer science and clinical oncology practice. This all-new edition is the consummate reference source for medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, internists, surgical oncologists, and others who treat cancer patients. A translational perspective throughout, integrating cancer biology with cancer management providing an in depth understanding of the disease An emphasis on multidisciplinary, research-driven patient care to improve outcomes and optimal use of all appropriate therapies Cutting-edge coverage of personalized cancer care, including molecular diagnostics and therapeutics Concise, readable, clinically relevant text with algorithms, guidelines and insight into the use of both conventional and novel drugs Includes free access to the Wiley Digital Edition providing search across the book, the full reference list with web links, illustrations and photographs, and post-publication updates

Download or read book Brain Tumor Invasiveness written by Ronald H. Goldfarb and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Brain Tumor Invasion written by Tom Mikkelsen and published by Wiley-Liss. This book was released on 1998-05-05 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brain Tumor Invasion Biological, Clinical, and Therapeutic Considerations Edited by Tom Mikkelsen Rolf Bjerkvig Ole Didrik Laerum Mark L. Rosenblum Recent advances in molecular biology have given us profound new insights into the behavior of primary brain tumors. Not only are such tumors more diffuse in their infiltration of brain tissue and therefore less amenable to surgery than brain tumors originating elsewhere in the body—it now appears that the central nervous system and the normal brain itself constitute a biological environment conducive to the uncontrolled spread of primary tumors. Brain Tumor Invasion is the first comprehensive reference devoted to the invasive behavior of primary brain tumors. It examines the biological mechanisms responsible for the increased ability of gliomas to metastasize in the central nervous system, and discusses the role of chemical carcinogens, growth factors, oncogenes, and tumor suppressors in the progression of such metastases. This book surveys the latest research in the field, reviews present and future prospects of anti-invasive brain tumor therapy, and even translates preclinical trials and other research results into potential new therapies. The material is divided into five main categories: Developmental biology and molecular neuro-oncology Pathological and clinical features of malignant brain tumors Models for the study of brain tumor invasion in vivo and in vitro Mechanisms of invasion New therapeutic strategies Brain Tumor Invasion offers dozens of maps and photographs that illustrate topics under discussion. This in-depth introduction to one of the most difficult problems in the management of brain tumors is indispensable to neuro-oncologists involved in brain tumor research and therapy. It is also useful to researchers in cancer biology, neuroscience, cell biology, and molecular genetics.

Download or read book Tumor Microenvironment written by Alexander Birbrair and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-18 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume discusses novel concepts in cancer biology, focusing on different factors that affect the tumor microenvironment. Topics covered include sex-based differences in the tumor microenironment, dormancy in the tumor microenvironment, the influence of obesity on the tumor microenvironment, and much more. Taken alongside its companion volumes, Tumor Microenvironment: Novel Concepts covers the latest research on various aspects of the tumor microenvironment, as well as future directions. Useful for introducing the newer generation of researchers to the history of how scientists studied the tumor microenvironment as well as how this knowledge is currently applied for cancer treatments, it will be essential reading for advanced cell biology and cancer biology students, as well as researchers seeking an update on research on the tumor microenvironment.

Download or read book Metastatic Cancer Clinical and Biological Perspectives written by Rahul Jandial and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-08-08 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most cancer deaths are a result of metastasis. The spread of a primary tumor to colonize neighboring and distant organs is the relentless endgame that defines the neoplastic process. Patients who have been diagnosed with cancer are treated to prevent both the recurrence of the tumor at the site of origin and metastasis that would re-stage them as advanced stage IV cancer. Historically and still with some types of cancer, stage IV is perceived by patients as “terminal.” Fortunately, recent molecular therapies have extended the lives of patients with advanced cancer and reassuringly people living with metastatic disease increasingly visit our clinics. What is the path forward? Given that the consilience of science and medicine is a dynamic art from which therapies arise, it would be misguided to consider any single work adequate at capturing the horizon for research. So with humility we constructed this text as primer for scientists. It begins with a broad introduction to the clinical management of common cancers. This is intended to serve as a foundation for investigators to consider when developing basic science hypotheses. Unquestionably, medical and surgical care of cancer patients reveals biology and dictates how novel therapeutics will ultimately be evaluated in clinical trials. The second section of this text offers provocative and evolving insights that underscore the breadth of science involved in the elucidation of cancer metastasis biology. The text concludes with information that integrates scientific and clinical foundations to highlight translational research. This book serves as a framework for scientists to conceptualize clinical and translational knowledge on the complexity of disease that is metastatic cancer.

Download or read book Comprehensive Overview of Modern Surgical Approaches to Intrinsic Brain Tumors written by Kaisorn Chaichana and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-02-28 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Overview of Modern Surgical Approaches to Intrinsic Brain Tumors addresses limitations in the scientific literature by focusing primarily on surgical approaches to various intrinsic neoplasms using diagrams and step-by-step instructions. It provides the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches, controversies, and technical considerations and discusses topics such as anatomy, pathology and animal models, imaging, open brain tumor approaches and minimally invasive approaches. Additionally, it discusses controversial treatments and the pros and cons of each. This book is a valuable source for medical students, neurosurgeons and any healthcare provider who has an interest in brain tumors and techniques to treat them. Provides a comprehensive review of different approaches, explaining them step-by- step Includes diagrams that show surgical approaches Presents the advantages and disadvantages of each approach to aid in decision-making

Download or read book Brain Metastases written by Jeffrey Raizer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-03 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brain metastases are the most dreaded complication of systemic cancer, affecting some 170,000 people a year, a far greater incidence than primary brain tumors. This book presents current information on the presentation and management of patients with brain metastases, providing available data, giving guidelines that can be applied in day to day practice, updated information for neurosurgeons, radiation oncologists, medical oncologists, and neuron-oncologists, and as an overview for physicians in training.

Download or read book Comparative Oncology written by Alecsandru Ioan Baba and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 787 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Tumors of the Central Nervous System Volume 4 written by M.A. Hayat and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-09-15 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume mainly contains information on the diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of brain tumors. Insights on the understanding of molecular pathways involved in tumor biology are explained, which should lead to the development of effective drugs. Information on pathways (e.g., hedgehog) facilitates targeted therapies in cancer. Tumor models are also presented, which utilize expression data, pathway sensitivity, and genetic abnormalities, representing targets in cancer. For example, rat model of malignant brain tumors using implantation of doxorubicin with drug eluting beads for delivery is explained. The future of pathway-driven therapies for tumors is summarized. The importance of personalizing cancer care is emphasized. The need for supportive measures for survivors of brain cancer is pointed out, so is the quality of life monitoring. The need of rehabilitation therapy for patients with primary and metastatic brain tumors is also emphasized. Role of MicroRNA in distinguishing primary tumors from metastatic primary tumors is discussed. Advantages and limitations of chemotherapy (e.g., temozolomide and doxorubicin) are discussed. The complexity of tumor to tumor transfer is explained; examples discussed are: brain metastases from breast cancer and brain metastases fro non-small cell lung carcinoma. Identification and characterization of biomarkers, including those for metastatic brain tumors, are presented. Genomic analysis for identifying clinically relevant subtypes of glioblastoma is included. A large number of imaging modalities are detailed to study progression and invasion of gliomas

Download or read book Comprehensive Overview of Modern Surgical Approaches to Intrinsic Brain Tumors written by Kaisorn Chaichana and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-03-15 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Overview of Modern Surgical Approaches to Intrinsic Brain Tumors addresses limitations in the scientific literature by focusing primarily on surgical approaches to various intrinsic neoplasms using diagrams and step-by-step instructions. It provides the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches, controversies, and technical considerations and discusses topics such as anatomy, pathology and animal models, imaging, open brain tumor approaches and minimally invasive approaches. Additionally, it discusses controversial treatments and the pros and cons of each. This book is a valuable source for medical students, neurosurgeons and any healthcare provider who has an interest in brain tumors and techniques to treat them. Provides a comprehensive review of different approaches, explaining them step-by- step Includes diagrams that show surgical approaches Presents the advantages and disadvantages of each approach to aid in decision-making

Download or read book Development of an in Vitro Model of Brain Tumor Invasion written by Arun Amar and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Brain Tumors in Children written by Amar Gajjar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-29 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive and up-to-date compendium of all aspects of brain tumors in children. After introductory chapters on the epidemiology of brain tumors, the book will provide readers with state-of-the art chapters on the principals of radiation therapy, neurosurgery and neuroimaging. Subsequent chapters discuss the biology and treatment of specific types of brain tumors. The concluding chapters present critical information relevant to survivorship, neurocognitive and other late effects, and the global challenges to better diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors in children. This book is co-authored by experts in the treatment of pediatric brain tumors. All of the authors are internationally recognized authorities and they offer an evidence-based consensus on the biology and treatment of brain tumors. This handbook has far-reaching applicability to the clinical diagnosis and management of brain tumors in children and will prove valuable to specialists, generalists and trainees alike.

Download or read book Brain Cancer written by Jeri Freedman and published by The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. This book was released on 2009-01-15 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, between fifteen and twenty people out of every one hundred thousand develop brain cancer every year. When a brain tumor occurs, the ever-growing mass of cells compresses and damages other cells in the brain, interfering with brain function. The tumor pushes brain tissue around, creates pressure by pressing against the bones of the skull, and infiltrates healthy brain tissue and around nerves. Unlike other forms of cancer, which are associated with lifestyle activities such as smoking, dietary factors, or drinking, there is little known about why primary brain cancer occurs. Most brain cancer is the result of genetic mutations or changes in the genes that normally keep cells from reproducing in an uncontrolled manner. Because brain cancer is not associated with lifestyle or environmental factors that most people encounter, there is no known way to guard against it at this time, but genetic research and gene-based treatments offer great hope for a breakthrough and a possible cure of this dread disease.

Download or read book Invasion and Evasion written by Gregory Joseph Baker and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As glioma cells infiltrate the brain they associate with various microanatomic structures such as blood vessels and myelinated white matter tracts. How distinct invasion patterns coordinate tumor growth and influence clinical outcomes remains poorly understood. We have investigated how perivascular invasion affects glioma growth patterning and response to anti-angiogenic therapy within the highly vascularized brain. Orthotopically implanted rodent and human glioma cells are shown to commonly invade and proliferate within brain perivascular space. This form of brain tumor growth and invasion also characterizes de-novo endogenous mouse brain tumors, biopsies of primary human glioblastoma and peripheral cancer metastasis to the human brain. Perivascularly invading brain tumors are vascularized by preexisting normal brain microvessels as individual gliomas cells use perivascular space as a conduit for tumor invasion. Agent-based computational modeling recapitulated biological perivascular glioma growth without the need for neoangiogenesis. We tested the requirement for neoangiogenesis in perivascular glioma empirically by treating animals with the angiogenesis inhibitors bevacizumab and DC101. These inhibitors induced the expected vessel-normalization, yet failed to reduce tumor growth or improve survival of mice bearing orthotopic or endogenous gliomas while exacerbating brain tumor invasion. The results of these studies provide compelling experimental evidence in support of the recently described failure of clinically used anti-angiogenics to extend the overall survival of human patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. To identify molecular factors driving perivascular invasion, we examined genome-wide microarray data from mouse GL26 gliomas harvested from the brains of syngeneic C57BL/6 mice. This analysis revealed that galectin-1 (mLgals1) was the most abundantly expressed mRNA transcript in mouse GL26 glioma. We tested the role of this gene in perivascular invasion based on its known role in mediating cell-extracellular matrix interactions and its correlation with increasing malignancy and poor patient prognosis in clinical glioma. Unexpectedly, shRNA-mediated galectin-1 knockdown did not inhibit perivascular glioma invasion, but led to the complete eradication of intracranial tumor implants in RAG1-/- mice, which grew normally in more severely immunocompromised NOD-scid IL2Rgnull mice. Natural killer cell depletion in both RAG1-/- and C57BL/6J mice permitted the growth of galectin-1-deficient glioma. Orthotopic galectin-1-deficient glioma implants in RAG1-/- mice contained more granzyme B+ cells. Interferon gamma ELISpot assays were used to assess the level of tumor-specific adaptive immunity raised against galectin-1-deficient glioma. These experiments showed that galectin-1-deficient glioma was eradicated prior to, and independent of, adaptive anti-tumor immunity. Further in vitro experiments demonstrated that galectin-1-deficient GL26-Cit glioma cells were approximately 3-fold more sensitive to natural killer cell-mediated tumor lysis compared to their galectin-1 expressing counterparts. These findings suggest that galectin-1 suppression in human glioma cells could improve patient survival by restoring natural killer cell immune surveillance, which we have demonstrated to be capable of eradicating these tumors. Further experiments were performed to elucidate the mechanism by which galectin-1-deficient glioma is rejected by natural killer cells at the cellular level. Our results indicate that a population of Gr-1+/CD11b+ myeloid cells from blood are crucial for stimulating natural killer cell-mediated eradication of galectin-1-deficient glioma. We show that immunodepletion of Gr-1+ cells in RAG1-/- mice permits galectin-1-deficient glioma growth and significantly reduces the amount of tumor-infiltrating granzyme B+ cells. In vitro experiments demonstrate that monocytic Gr-1+/CD11b+ myeloid cells isolated from peripheral blood upregulate NK1.1 and granyzme B expression in response to the presence of galectin-1-deficient glioma cells, and that these cells enhance natural killer cell-mediated tumor lysis. Since we demonstrate that monocytic Gr-1+/CD11b+ myeloid cells lack tumor lytic potential themselves, we postulate that these cells act by stimulating anti-tumor cytotoxic potential in natural killer cells. In vivo experiments reveal that 7-fold more Gr-1+/CD11b+ myeloid cells infiltrate galectin-1-deficient gliomas 48 hrs post-tumor implantation compared to gliomas expressing normal levels of galectin-1. On the contrary, the number of tumor-infiltrating natural killer cells is found to be the same between the two tumor types, suggesting that galectin-1 specifically inhibits the entry of Gr-1+/CD11b+ myeloid cells. Our most recent experiments indicate that glioma-derived galectin-1 acts as a molecular switch for monocytic Gr-1+/CD11b+ myeloid cells to become anti-inflammatory. We demonstrate that the application of recombinant mouse galectin-1 protein onto monocytic Gr-1+/CD11b+ myeloid cells co-cultured with glioma cells and natural killer cells inhibits the enhanced tumor lysis attributed to the addition of the monocytic myeloid cells. This view of galectin-1 as a protein with anti-inflammatory effects on monocytic myeloid cells helps explain why the few Gr-1+/CD11b+ myeloid cells that do infiltrate galectin-1-replete gliomas fail to active natural killer cell-mediated anti-tumor cytotoxicity. Together, our data suggest that glioma-derived galectin-1 acts to inhibit anti-tumor natural killer cell immune surveillance through a tripartite mechanism: (1.) by blocking the infiltration of Gr-1+/CD11b+ myeloid cells into the tumor microenvironment which stimulate cytotoxic activity in natural killer cells, (2.) by provoking immunosuppressive function in those Gr-1+/CD11b+ myeloid cells that do infiltrate the gal-1-replete tumor microenvironment, thus inhibiting the stimulation of natural killer cells by Gr-1+/CD11b+ myeloid cells, and (3.) by imparting an intrinsic resistance to natural killer cell-mediated tumor cell lysis as demonstrated by us previously. We now plan to perform enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and genome-wide gene expression profiling on monocytic Gr-1+/CD11b+ myeloid cells to identify genes/proteins responsible for the enhancement of natural killer cell-mediated lysis of galectin-1-deficient glioma. Ultimately, through a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of natural killer cell-mediated anti-tumor immune surveillance, we hope to design novel innate immunotherapeutic strategies to be tested in patients suffering from glioblastoma.

Download or read book CNS Cancer written by Erwin G. Van Meir and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-08-15 with total page 1294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancers of the central nervous system are among the most lethal of human neoplasms. They are recalcitrant to even intensive multimodality therapies that include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Moreover, especially in children, the consequences of these therapies can itself be devastating and involve serious cognitive and developmental disorders. It is small wonder that such cancers have come under the intense scrutiny of each of the subspecialties of clinical care and investigation as well as attracting some of the best basic research scientists. Their joint efforts are gradually peeling away the mysteries surrounding the genesis and progression of these tumors and inroads are being steadily made into understanding why they resist therapies. This makes it an especially opportune time to assemble some of the best investigators in the field to review the ‘‘state of the art’’ in the various arenas that comprise the assault on CNS tumors. The breadth of this effort by the clinical and basic neuro-oncology community is quite simply amazing. To a large extent, it evolves from the knowledge of the human genome and its regulation that has been hard won over the past two decades.