Download or read book Body Wave Magnitudes and Locations of Soviet Underground Explosions at the Semipalatinsk Test Site written by P. D. Marshall and published by . This book was released on 1985-12-01 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Body Wave Magnitudes and Locations of Soviet Unterdround Explosions at the Semipalatinsk Test Site written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Body Wave Magnitudes and Locations of Soviet Underground Explosions at the Novaya Zemlya Test Site written by R. C. Lilwall and published by . This book was released on 1987-12-01 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Body Wave Magnitudes of Some Underground Nuclear Explosions at the Nevada USA and Shagan River USSR Test Sites written by R. C. Lilwall and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Monitoring Underground Nuclear Explosions written by Ola Dahlman and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-10-27 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monitoring Underground Nuclear Explosions focuses on the checking of underground nuclear explosions, including the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTB), seismological stations, earthquake-source models, and seismicity. The publication first elaborates on test-ban negotiations, nuclear explosions, seismological background, and explosions and earthquakes as seismic sources. Concerns cover comparison between explosion-source and earthquake-source models, theoretical calculation of seismic waves, earth structure, seismicity, nuclear test activities, bomb designs, and disarmament treaties. The manuscript then tackles seismological stations, detection, event definition and location, depth estimation, and identification. Topics include multistation discriminants, statistical aspects, long-period and short-period signals, near distances, location by a network of stations, international data exchange, station detection capabilities, and station networks. The book examines the monitoring of a comprehensive test-ban treaty, nonseismological identification, evasion, peaceful nuclear explosions, and yield estimation. The text is a dependable reference for researchers interested in the monitoring of underground nuclear explosions.

Download or read book Seismology 1989 1992 written by Astrid Persson and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1994-12 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers the work of the Swedish data center in the international seismological verification system that monitors underground nuclear explosions and provides data for research on detection, location and identification of low-magnitude seismic events. Maps, charts and graphs.

Download or read book Body Wave Magnitudes and Locations of Underground Nuclear Explosions at the Nevada Test Site 1971 1980 written by Peter David Marshall and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Body Wave Magnitudes and Locations of French Underground Explosions at the Mururoa Test Site written by P. D. Marshall and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1975 the French have conducted underground nuclear weapon tests beneath the Mururoa atoll in the Tuamotu Archipelago in the Southern Pacific. A least squares joint estimate of origin time and epicentre together with a least squares joint estimate of magnitude is presented for presumed explosions in this area. These are based on data taken from bulletins of the International Seismological Centre. Some seismograms, recorded in Canada, are included to illustrate the nature of the P waves from these presumed explosions. (Author).

Download or read book Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty written by Frode Ringdal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-04 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In September 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data centre (IDC), and on-site inspections, to verify compliance. This volume contains research papers focusing on seismic ecent location in the CTBT context. The on-site inspection protocol of the treaty specifies a search area not to exceed 1000 square km. Much of the current research effort is therefore directed towards refining the accuracy of event location by including allowances for three-dimensional structure within the Earth. The aim is that the true location of each event will lie within the specified source zone regarding postulated location. The papers in this volume cover many aspects of seismic event location, including the development of algorithms suitable for use with three-dimensional models, allowances for regional structure, use of calibration events and source-specific station corrections. They provide a broad overview of the current international effort to improve seismic event location accuracy, and the editors hope that it will stimulate increased interest and further advances in this important field.

Download or read book Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Source Location written by Frode Ringdal and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In September 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data centre (IDC), and on-site inspections, to verify compliance. This volume contains research papers focusing on seismic ecent location in the CTBT context. The on-site inspection protocol of the treaty specifies a search area not to exceed 1000 square km. Much of the current research effort is therefore directed towards refining the accuracy of event location by including allowances for three-dimensional structure within the Earth. The aim is that the true location of each event will lie within the specified source zone regarding postulated location. The papers in this volume cover many aspects of seismic event location, including the development of algorithms suitable for use with three-dimensional models, allowances for regional structure, use of calibration events and source-specific station corrections. They provide a broad overview of the current international effort to improve seismic event location accuracy, and the editors hope that it will stimulate increased interest and further advances in this important field.

Download or read book A Study of Small Explosions and Earthquakes During 1961 1989 Near the Semipalatinsk Test Site Kazakhstan written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several Russian sources have stated that 343 underground nuclear explosions were conducted during 1961--1989 at the Semipalatinsk Test Site. However, only 282 of them appear to have been described, in the openly available technical literature, with well-determined coordinates; and only 272 have both good locations and magnitudes. The authors have used regional data from 52 stations to study 65 seismic sources initially thought to be in or near the Semipalatinsk region, additional to the 272 underground nuclear explosions with known locations and magnitudes. Of these 65 events, the authors believe 8 are not explosions on the test site, namely: two earthquakes close to the test site; three earthquakes or chemical explosions 100--300 km from the test site; and three events at greater distances from Semipalatinsk. Of the remaining 57 events: 10 were known to be underground nuclear explosions with known locations and the authors have supplied magnitudes where none were previously available; one was a chemical explosion at Degelen; they believe 21 were underground nuclear explosions; 13 were chemical explosions at Balapan; 8 were chemical explosions elsewhere on the test site; three were either nuclear or chemical explosions; and one was either a chemical explosion or a cavity collapse. The largest magnitude of their 44 possible underground nuclear explosions is around 5 (February 4, 1965, obscured at many teleseismic stations by a large Aleutian earthquake). Others lie in the magnitude range 3.5--4.5, and clearly most have sub kiloton yields. Their data set of small events is important for purposes of evaluating the detection capability of teleseismic arrays, and the detection and identification capability of regional stations.

Download or read book Yields of Underground Nuclear Explosions at Azgir and Shagan River USSR and Implications for Identifying Decoupled Nuclear Testing in Salt written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bodywave magnitudes, mb, are recomputed using station corrections for all known Soviet underground nuclear explosions at Shagan River and Azgir. The mb values for explosions of announced yield, Y, in various parts of the world in either hard rock or below the water table were normalized to the SW part of the Shagan River testing area using previously published values of t* and mb bias. The resulting relationship, mb = 4.48 + 0.79 logY, which includes yields published by Bocharov et al. (1989) for Shagan River, differs very little from a regression that does not include those data. Using magnitudes determined from Lg at NORSAR as a standard, the Shagan River site is divided into three subareas. Yields calculated from these revised mb values and from m(Lg) are much more consistent for the same explosion; each agrees closely with the yields published by Bocharov et al. for large explosions in 1971 and 1972 in the NE and SW parts of the testing area. Yields calculated by averaging determinations from Lg and body waves for 66 explosions have a high precision at 95% confidence (mean value 1. 14) for Y> 10 kt. The explosion of 23 July 1973 of Y = 193 kt is clearly the largest underground explosion at Shagan River. The newly calculated values provide strong evidence of clustering in the distribution of yields of Soviet tests. In a special study yields of Soviet nuclear explosions, nuclear tests in salt, decoupling, evasion.

Download or read book Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Source Processes and Explosion Yield Estimation written by Goran Ekstrom and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-12-01 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pure appl. geophys., by 161 nations. Entry of the treaty into force, however, is still uncertain since it requires ratification by all 44 nations that have some nuclear capability and, as of 15 June 2001, only 31 of those nations have done so. Although entry of the CTBT into force is still uncertain, seismologists and scientists in related fields, such as radionuclides, have proceeded with new research on issues relevant to monitoring compliance with it. Results of much of that research may be used by the International Monitoring System, headquartered in Vienna, and by several national centers and individual institutions, to monitor compliance with the CTBT. New issues associated with CTBT monitoring in the 21st century have presented scientists with many new challenges. They must be able to effectively monitor com pliance by several countries that have not previously been nuclear powers. Effective monitoring requires that we be able to detect and locate much smaller nuclear events than ever before and to distinguish them from small earthquakes and other types of explosions. We must have those capabilities in regions that are seismically active and geologically complex, and where seismic waves might not propagate efficiently.

Download or read book A Handbook of Verification Procedures written by Dr. Frank Barnaby and published by Springer. This book was released on 1990-06-18 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An examination of how, in practice, the effective verification of various arms control treaties - including a comprehensive test ban treaty, conventional forces reductions, a fissile material cut-off and a freeze on the development and production of nuclear weapons - can be achieved.

Download or read book Grundst ck gesucht written by Ernst Heimeran and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Magnitude Yield Relationship at Various Nuclear Test Sites A Maximum Likelihood Approach Using Heavily Censored Explosive Yields written by Ron-Song Jih and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conventional methods for estimating underground explosion yields from seismic recordings are based on the use of some appropriate 'magnitude:yield' relationship. One of the most important parameters used to characterize the seismic signature of an underground explosion is the body-wave magnitude, mb. Thus obtaining an unbiased measurement of mb (auxiliarily Ms, pcoda, mb(Lg), Mo, and RMS Lg values) is obviously a key step in estimating the yield. During the past decade, the mb which is averaged over a well-distributed global network and which incorporates the maximum-likelihood technique into the inversion scheme has become widely accepted as a means to obtain mb estimates that avoid bias due to the detection threshold characteristics of individual network stations. Recently Soviet seismologists have published descriptions of 96 nuclear explosions conducted from 1961 through 1972 at the Semipalatinsk Test Site, in Eastern Kazakhstan. With the exception of releasing news about their 'peaceful nuclear explosions' PNE, the Soviets have never before published such a body of information. However, out of the 72 Degelen events with announced yields, only 9 events or 12.5% were of 'known' yields. The remaining were either left censored (66.7%) or bounded (20.8%). Similar heavy-censoring pattern can be found for other test sites. Thus the development of a procedure capable of making full use of such censored information would seem very timely and necessary.

Download or read book Explosion Source Phenomena Using Soviet Test Era Waveform Data written by W. Scott Phillips and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the nuclear testing era, the former Soviet Union carried out extensive observations of underground nuclear explosions, recording both their own shots and those of foreign nuclear states. Between 1961 and 1989, the Soviet Complex Seismological Expedition deployed seismometers at time-varying subsets of over 150 sites to record explosions at regional distances from the Semipalatinsk and Lop Nor test sites and from the shot points of peaceful nuclear explosions. This data set included recordings from broadband, multi-channel ChISS seismometers that produced a series of narrow band outputs, which could then be measured to perform spectral studies. [ChISS is the Russian abbreviation for multichannel spectral seismometer. In this instrument the signal from the seismometer is passed through a system of narrow bandpass filters and recorded on photo paper. ChISS instruments have from 8 to 16 channels in the frequency range from 100 sec to 40 Hz. We used data mostly from 7 channels, ranging from 0.08 to 5 Hz.] Quantitative, pre-digital era investigations of high-frequency source scaling relied on this type of data. To augment data sets of central Central Asia explosions, we have measured and compiled 537 ChISS coda envelopes for 124 events recorded at Talgar, Kazakhstan, at a distance of about 750 km from Semipalatinsk. Envelopes and calibration levels were measured manually from photo paper records for seven bands between 0.08 and 5 Hz. We obtained from 2 to 10 coda envelope measurements per event, depending on the event size and instrument magnification. Coda lengths varied from 250 to 1400 s. For small events, only bands between 0.6 and 2.5 Hz could be measured. Envelope levels were interpolated or extrapolated to 500 s and we have obtained the dependence of this quantity on magnitude. Coda Q was estimated and found to increase from 232 at 0.08 Hz to 1270 at 5 Hz. These relationships were used to construct an average scaling law of coda spectra for Semipalatinsk explosions. Significant differences from average scaling were observed and may result from variations in emplacement conditions. The ChISS envelope data have been integrated into coda processing at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) by applying ChISS filter bands to modern, digital data from central Central Asia, for purposes of magnitude and yield calibration. In addition, we have compiled regional, direct phase measurements for ChISS recordings at Talgar, Garm, Zerenda, and Novosibirsk. The ChISS envelope data have been integrated into coda processing at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) by applying ChISS filter bands to modern, digital data from central and east Asia, for purposes of yield calibration. The difference in manual versus digital measurement methods are captured in site terms that are higher by up to 0.5 log10 units for ChISS data, relative to modern Talgar data due to the measurement of peak, rather than mean envelopes. After correction for site and path effects, ChISS amplitudes compare well to measurements from the Borovoye archive for events in common. Direct wave measurements have been used to construct spectra for Semipalatinsk explosions, and can be used to explore the behavior of regional phase amplitudes with shot point and emplacement condition.