Download or read book Blemmyes written by Helene Cuvigny and published by IFAO. This book was released on 2022-06-20 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the Ptolemaic station of Bi'r Samut (3rd cent. B.C.) on the desert-road between Edfu and Berenice, the same African nomads were called Trogodytai in Greek and Blhm.w in Egyptian. In this word we recognise the Blemmyes of Greek and Latin literature and of documents from late antiquity. And yet, three centuries later, these nomads were simply called Barbaroi in the Roman garrisons of the Eastern Desert. From this discovery came the idea to publish, in the same volume, the demotic ostraca from Bi'r Samut that mention Blemmyes, together with a group of Greek orders to distribute grain to Barbarians from the time of Gallienus, found at the Roman praesidium of Xeron Pelagos. The only archaeological remains that can be attributed with certainty to these nomads are vessels and shards of Eastern Desert Ware, a hand built, polished ceramic decorated with incisions. The examples found at Bi'r Samut are published in the volume. The three chapters consecrated to the unpublished documents are preceded by a presentation of the history of the nomad-population of the Eastern Desert of Egypt in the long perspective from the Pharaonic period onwards, and reflexions on the names given by the Greeks and the Romans in turn to these people who occupied the Eastern Desert of Egypt and Nubia.
Download or read book Symbolic Blackness and Ethnic Difference in Early Christian Literature written by Gay L Byron and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003-10-04 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been growing interest in recent years in the presence and image of blacks and blackness in classical antiquity. However this pioneering and much needed work is the first to survey and theorise the black as seen by early Christian writers.
Download or read book The Red Land written by Steven E. Sidebotham and published by American Univ in Cairo Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For thousands of years Egypt has crowded the Nile Valley and Delta. The Eastern Desert, however, has also played a crucial-though until now little understood-role in Egyptian history. Ancient inhabitants of the Nile Valley feared the desert, which they referred to as the Red Land, and were reluctant to venture there, yet they exploited the extensive mineral wealth of this region. They also profited from the valuable wares conveyed across the desert between the Nile and the Red Sea ports, which originated from Arabia, Africa, India, and elsewhere in the east. Based on twenty years of archaeological fieldwork conducted in the Eastern Desert, The Red Land reveals the cultural and historical richness of this little known and seldom visited area of Egypt. A range of important archaeological sites dating from Prehistoric to Byzantine times is explored here in text and illustrations. Among these ancient treasures are petroglyphs, cemeteries, fortified wells, gold and emerald mines, hard stone quarries, roads, forts, ports, and temples. With 250 photographs and fascinating artistic reconstructions based on the evidence on the ground, along with the latest research and accounts from ancient sources and modern travelers, the authors lead the reader into the remotest corners of the hauntingly beautiful Eastern Desert to discover the full story of the area's human history.
Download or read book Mirage of the Saracen written by Walter D. Ward and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2014-12-17 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mirage of the Saracen analyzes the growth of monasticism and Christian settlements in the Sinai Peninsula through the early seventh century C.E. Walter D. Ward examines the ways in which Christian monks justified occupying the Sinai through creating associations between Biblical narratives and Sinai sites while assigning uncivilized, negative, and oppositional traits to the indigenous nomadic population, whom the Christians pejoratively called ÒSaracens.Ó By writing edifying tales of hostile nomads and the ensuing martyrdom of the monks, Christians not only reinforced their claims to the spiritual benefits of asceticism but also provoked the Roman authorities to enhance defense of pilgrimage routes to the Sinai. When Muslim armies later began conquering the Middle East, Christians also labeled these new conquerors as Saracens, connecting Muslims to these pre-Islamic representations. This timely and relevant work builds a historical account of interreligious encounters in the ancient world, showing the Sinai as a crucible for forging long-lasting images of both Christians and Muslims, some of which endure today.
Download or read book The Archaeological and Linguistic Reconstruction of African History written by Christopher Ehret and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2023-11-10 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1982.
Download or read book The Cambridge History of Egypt written by Carl F. Petry and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-07-10 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Egypt.
Download or read book The Egyptian S d n written by Sir Ernest Alfred Wallis Budge and published by . This book was released on 1907 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Byzantium and the Arabs in the Fourth Century written by Irfan Shahîd and published by Dumbarton Oaks. This book was released on 1984 with total page 662 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book elucidates the birth of the new relationship between the Roman Empire and the Arabs and the rise of its institutional forms. Shahîd discusses the participation of the Arab foederati in Byzantium's wars with her neighbors--the Persians and the Goths--during which those Arab allies contributed to the welfare of the imperium and the ecclesia.
Download or read book At Empire s Edge written by Robert B. Jackson and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Egypt became a province of the Roman Empire in 30 BC after the deaths of Antony and Cleopatra, its vast and mysterious frontier lands had an important impact on the commerce, politics and culture of the empire. This account - part history and part gazetteer -focuses on Rome's Egyptian frontier, describing the ancient fortresses, temples, settlements, quarries and aqueducts scattered throughout the region and conveying a sense of what life was like for its inhabitants. Robert Jackson has journeyed, by jeep and on foot, to virtually every known Roman site in the area, from Siwa Oasis, 45 kilometers from the modern Libyan border, to the Sudan. Drawing on both archaeological and historical information, he discusses these sites, explaining how Rome extracted exotic stone and precious metals from the mountains of the Eastern Desert, channelled the wealth of India and East Africa through the desert via ports on the Red Sea, constructed and manned fortresses in the distant oases of the Western Desert, and facilitated the expansion of agricultural communities in the desert that eventually experienced the earliest large-scale conversions to Christianity in Egypt. Illustrated with many photographs, the volume should be useful to archaeologists, classicists, and travellers to the region.
Download or read book Historical Dictionary of Medieval Christian Nubia written by Richard A. Lobban Jr. and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2020-10-20 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medieval Christian Nubia is often a neglected period of medieval African history. Because meaning is determined largely by context this work traces the Greco-Roman, Meroitic and Jewish precursors. The regional, historical and theological schisms within Christianity are also a highlight. The dynamics of the three Nubian kingdoms of Nobatia, Mukurra, and Alwa are the centerpiece of this book that covers mural arts, architecture, and the names of the leading kings and bishops. Another strength of the book is the analysis of the 700-year baqt peace treaty between Christian Nubia and Islamic Egypt; this is considered to be the longest lasting treaty in diplomatic history. The complex transition from Christianity to Islam in the 14th century is analyzed in great personal, political, and military detail. Historical Dictionary of Medieval Christian Nubia contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 200 cross-referenced entries on politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture of the medieval Nubians. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Medieval Christian Nubia.
Download or read book The Coptic Life of Aaron written by Jacques van der Vliet and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2019-11-04 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Life of Aaron is one of the most interesting and sophisticated hagiographical works surviving in Coptic. The work contains descriptions of the lives of ascetic monks, in particular Apa Aaron, on the southern Egyptian frontier in the fourth and early fifth centuries, and was probably written in the sixth century. Even though the first edition of this work was already published by E.A. Wallis Budge in 1915, a critical edition remained outstanding. In this book Jitse H.F. Dijkstra and Jacques van der Vliet present not only a critical text, for the most part based on the only completely preserved, tenth-century manuscript, but also a new translation and an exhaustive commentary addressing philological, literary and historical aspects of the text.
Download or read book Historical Dictionary of Ancient Nubia written by Richard A. Lobban Jr. and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2021-04-10 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new book descends from a former combined reference book on Ancient and Medieval Nubia but now expands and focuses primarily on Prehistoric and Ancient times. It contextualizes the foundational roots of human evolution in the Paleolithic and Mesolithic stone ages and on to the Neolithic revolution built on farming and livestock. Meanwhile, Kerma was the most ancient African states and their relationship with dynastic Egypt. Precisely, ancient Kerma a was a serious political, economic and military rival to Old and Middle Kingdoms of Egypt. But in the New Kingdom the balance of regional forces was dramatically changed with Egyptians defeating Kerma and occupying and colonizing Kush/Nubia for 500 years. In the 11th century BCE the political unity of Egypt withered away and after recovering from foreign exploitation, Nubians began to reconstitute a small state at Kurru with renewed pyramid building and then finding no Egyptian resistance, these Nubians kings advanced on Egyptian Nubia and then on to Upper Egypt. Finally, Nubians were able to take over all of Egypt as the pharaohs of century-long Dynasty XXV. This so-called ‘Ethiopian” dynasty had the famed pharaohs of Piankhy, Shabaka, Shabataka, Taharka and Tanutamun ruling for various terms, three of who are mentioned in the Biblical Old Testament. Even when Nubians were expelled from Egypt by foreign Assyrian invaders, they retreated to Napata to carry on their ancient state for three more independent centuries as Egyptian remained conquered by various foreigners for 2,500 years. Most notable of these foreign conquers of Egypt were the Greeks (Ptolemies) and the Roman (who arrived and polytheists and left as Christians. During this Greco-Roman period in Egypt, Nubians strategically withdrew still further south to the Kingdom of Meroë (from the 4th century BCEE to the 4th century CE. Meroe is also covered in great detail as it was famed for many regnant queens, a unique and undeciphered writing system, iron-production and important monumental works including more pyramids than found in Egypt, Yes, smaller and later but many more pyramids that are still standing in several World Heritage sites in Nubia. After Meroë began a long decline it was finally vulnerable to attack from Christian Axum on the 4th century CE. Two murky centuries of regional rule, known as the X-Group were to follow, but by the 6th century Nubians recreated three Christian states that are covered in detail in the following Historical Dictionary of Medieval Christian Nubia and the Historical Dictionary of Sudan for Islamic and modern times.
Download or read book Romans Barbarians and the Transformation of the Roman World written by Ralph W. Mathisen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-08 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most significant transformations of the Roman world in Late Antiquity was the integration of barbarian peoples into the social, cultural, religious, and political milieu of the Mediterranean world. The nature of these transformations was considered at the sixth biennial Shifting Frontiers in Late Antiquity Conference, at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in March of 2005, and this volume presents an updated selection of the papers given on that occasion, complemented with a few others,. These 25 studies do much to break down old stereotypes about the cultural and social segregation of Roman and barbarian populations, and demonstrate that, contrary to the past orthodoxy, Romans and barbarians interacted in a multitude of ways, and it was not just barbarians who experienced "ethnogenesis" or cultural assimilation. The same Romans who disparaged barbarian behavior also adopted aspects of it in their everyday lives, providing graphic examples of the ambiguity and negotiation that characterized the integration of Romans and barbarians, a process that altered the concepts of identity of both populations. The resultant late antique polyethnic cultural world, with cultural frontiers between Romans and barbarians that became increasingly permeable in both directions, does much to help explain how the barbarian settlement of the west was accomplished with much less disruption than there might have been, and how barbarian populations were integrated seamlessly into the old Roman world.
Download or read book Blacks in Antiquity written by Frank M. Snowden and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1970 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investigates the participation of black Africans, usually referred to as "Ethiopians," by the Greek and Romans, in classical civilization, concluding that they were accepted by pagans and Christians without prejudice.
Download or read book Berenike and the Ancient Maritime Spice Route written by Steven E. Sidebotham and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2011-02-02 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The legendary overland silk road was not the only way to reach Asia for ancient travelers from the Mediterranean. During the Roman Empire’s heyday, equally important maritime routes reached from the Egyptian Red Sea across the Indian Ocean. The ancient city of Berenike, located approximately 500 miles south of today’s Suez Canal, was a significant port among these conduits. In this book, Steven E. Sidebotham, the archaeologist who excavated Berenike, uncovers the role the city played in the regional, local, and "global" economies during the eight centuries of its existence. Sidebotham analyzes many of the artifacts, botanical and faunal remains, and hundreds of the texts he and his team found in excavations, providing a profoundly intimate glimpse of the people who lived, worked, and died in this emporium between the classical Mediterranean world and Asia.
Download or read book Studies on the History of Late Antique and Christian Nubia written by Laurence Kirwan and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-10-28 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gathered together here are the fruits of 60 years of research by the late Sir Laurence Kirwan into the history and archaeology of the mid 1st millennium AD in the Middle Nile Valley, papers previously scattered through a wide range of publications. Kirwan's fieldwork in the region, undertaken between 1929 and 1936, kindled a life-long interest in the transition from the pagan Kushite kingdom to the medieval Nubian states of Nobadia, Makuria and Alodia (Alwa) and of their conversion to Christianity in the 6th century AD. The 25 studies, one published here for the first time, were often of seminal importance when they first appeared, the author being exemplary in his use of the written sources to elucidate the archaeological data. As the preface by the editors shows, the views expressed remain fundamental to modern scholarship, offering valuable insights into this still relatively obscure period of transition from the ancient to the medieval world.
Download or read book Deformed Discourse written by David Williams and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 1999 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adult survivors of children's stories can be forgiven for thinking the only function of medieval monsters was to fail, just barely, to eat virgins and to die, just barely, under the hero's ministrations. Williams (English, McGill U.) enlarges the view, tracing the poetics of teratology, the study of monsters, to Christian neoplatonic theology, especially the concept that God cannot be known except by knowing what he is not. He also provides a taxonomy of monsters with glosses, and examines the monstrous and deformed in three heroic sagas and three saints' lives. Includes many reproductions. Canadian card order number: C96-900457-5. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
