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Book Biotech Juggernaut

    Book Details:
  • Author : Tina Stevens
  • Publisher : Routledge
  • Release : 2019-01-21
  • ISBN : 1351700332
  • Pages : 241 pages

Download or read book Biotech Juggernaut written by Tina Stevens and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-01-21 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biotech Juggernaut: Hope, Hype, and Hidden Agendas of Entrepreneurial BioScience relates the intensifying effort of bioentrepreneurs to apply genetic engineering technologies to the human species and to extend the commercial reach of synthetic biology or "extreme genetic engineering." In 1980, legal developments concerning patenting laws transformed scientific researchers into bioentrepreneurs. Often motivated to create profit-driven biotech start-up companies or to serve on their advisory boards, university researchers now commonly operate under serious conflicts of interest. These conflicts stand in the way of giving full consideration to the social and ethical consequences of the technologies they seek to develop. Too often, bioentrepreneurs have worked to obscure how these technologies could alter human evolution and to hide the social costs of keeping on this path. Tracing the rise and cultural politics of biotechnology from a critical perspective, Biotech Juggernaut aims to correct the informational imbalance between producers of biotechnologies on the one hand, and the intended consumers of these technologies and general society, on the other. It explains how the converging vectors of economic, political, social, and cultural elements driving biotechnology’s swift advance constitutes a juggernaut. It concludes with a reflection on whether it is possible for an informed public to halt what appears to be a runaway force.

Book The Church s New Front Door

Download or read book The Church s New Front Door written by Daniel Topf and published by Wipf and Stock Publishers. This book was released on 2024-08-23 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Church’s New Front Door introduces Christians to the critically important concept of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, an era that will be dominated by powerful technologies like artificial intelligence (AI) and advanced robotics. While the Fourth Industrial Revolution is powered by technological developments, it has far-reaching political, socio-economic, ethical, and spiritual implications as well. To be missional, the church needs to be relevant; and in order to be relevant in the twenty-first century, believers must engage with novel technologies and the impact they are having on areas like work, education, and healthcare. Each chapter includes discussion questions and suggestions for further reading, making this book an accessible resource for diverse audiences, including church members, ministry leaders, and students at Christian colleges and seminaries. Whether you agree or disagree with the author’s description of how our world might change in the next ten to twenty years—this book will make you think!

Book Contested Technologies

    Book Details:
  • Author : Anders Persson
  • Publisher : Nordic Academic Press
  • Release : 2008-01-02
  • ISBN : 9187121794
  • Pages : 213 pages

Download or read book Contested Technologies written by Anders Persson and published by Nordic Academic Press. This book was released on 2008-01-02 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addressing the important perspectives on xenotransplantation and human embryonic stem cell research, this book explores both the enthusiastic proponents and vehement resistance to these new biomedical technologies. Investigating the political, social, and ethical forces behind this kind of research and development, as well as the commercial actors and strong financial incentives that are necessary, these stories of hope, fear, and hype are matched by stories of success, failure, and fraud, showing how these technologies have become truly polarizing.

Book Bioethics In Singapore  The Ethical Microcosm

Download or read book Bioethics In Singapore The Ethical Microcosm written by John Michael Elliott and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010-07-19 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an analysis of the ways in which the BAC has established an ethical framework for biomedical research in Singapore, following the launch of the Biomedical Sciences Initiative by the Singapore Government. The editors and authors have an intimate knowledge of the working of the BAC, and the focus of the book includes the ways in which international forces have influenced the form and substance of bioethics in Singapore. Together, the authors offer a comparative account of the institutionalisation of biomedical research ethics in Singapore, considered in the wider context of international regulatory efforts. The book reviews the work of the BAC by placing it within the broader cultural, social and political discourses that have emerged in relation to the life sciences since the turn of the 21st century. This book is not primarily intended to be a retrospect or an appraisal of the contribution of the BAC, though this is one aspect of it. Rather, the main intention is to make a substantive contribution to the rapidly emerging field of bioethics. Ethical discussions in the book include consideration of stem cell research and cloning, genetics and research with human participants, and focus on likely future developments as well as the past.Many of the contributors of the book have been personally involved in this work, and hence they write with an authoritative first-hand knowledge that scholars in bioethics and public policy may appreciate. As indicated above, the book also explains the way in which ethics and science — international and local — have interacted in a policy setting. Scholars and policy makers may find the Singaporean experience to be a valuable resource, as the approach has been to make the ethical governance of research in Singapore consistent with international best practice while observing the requirements of a properly localised application of universally accepted principles. In addition, at least three chapters (the first three chapters in particular) are accessible to the lay reader interested in the development of bioethics and biomedical sciences, both inside and outside Singapore, from 2000 (the year in which the BAC was established). Both scholars and interested lay readers are therefore likely to find this publication a valuable reference./a

Book Collaboration in the New Life Sciences

Download or read book Collaboration in the New Life Sciences written by John N. Parker and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-05-23 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years the organisation and practice of collaboration in the life sciences has undergone radical transformations, owing to the advent of big science enterprises, newly developed data gathering and storage technologies, increasing levels of interdisciplinarity, and changing societal expectations for science. Collaboration in the New Life Sciences examines the causes and consequences of changing patterns of scientific collaboration in the life sciences. This book presents an understanding of how and why collaboration in the life sciences is changing and the effects of these changes on scientific knowledge, the work lives and experiences of scientists, social policy and society. Through a series of thematically arranged chapters, it considers the social, technical, and organizational facets of collaboration, addressing not only the rise of new forms of collaboration in the life sciences, but also examining recent developments in two broad research areas: ecology and environment, and the molecular life sciences. With an international team of experts presenting case studies and analyses drawn from the US, UK, Asia and Europe, Collaboration in the New Life Sciences will appeal not only to scholars and students of science and technology studies, but also to those interested in science and social policy, and the sociology of work and organisations.

Book Biolust  Brain Death  and the Battle Over Organ Transplants

Download or read book Biolust Brain Death and the Battle Over Organ Transplants written by William R. LaFleur and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2022-11-03 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: William LaFleur (1936-2010), an eminent scholar of Japanese studies, left behind a substantial number of influential publications, as well as several unpublished works. The most significant of these examines debates concerning the practice of organ transplantation in Japan and the United States, and is published here for the first time. This provocative book challenges the North American medical and bioethical consensus that considers the transplantation of organs from brain dead donors as an unalloyed good. It joins a growing chorus of voices that question the assumption that brain death can be equated facilely with death. It provides a deep investigation of debates in Japan, introducing numerous Japanese bioethicists whose work has never been treated in English. It also provides a history of similar debates in the United States, problematizing the commonly held view that the American public was quick and eager to accept the redefinition of death. A work of intellectual and social history, this book also directly engages with questions that grow ever more relevant as the technologies we develop to extend life continue to advance. While the benefits of these technologies are obvious, their costs are often more difficult to articulate. Calling attention to the risks associated with our current biotech trajectory, LaFleur stakes out a highly original position that does not fall neatly onto either side of contemporary US ideological divides.

Book Globalization and Technocapitalism

Download or read book Globalization and Technocapitalism written by Luis Suarez-Villa and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-22 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Globalization and Technocapitalism considers the global reach of a new capitalist era, exploring the nature of 'technocapitalism' as grounded in new forms of accumulation, commodification, and corporate organization. As technological creativity, corporate research, and talent flows become more important than ever, this book explores the manner in which globalization acquires new contextual features that will become central to the macro-social dynamics of the twenty-first century. It thus sheds light on the resultant growth in global inequalities and more intrusive forms of global domination that are grounded in emerging sectors, such as nanotechnology, biotechnology and its diverse fields, such as genomics, synthetic bioengineering, bioinformatics and biopharmacology, and related advances in computing and telecommunications. A rigorous examination of developments in contemporary capitalism as driven by the forces of globalization, Globalization and Technocapitalism will be of interest to scholars working in the fields of social and political theory, international political economy, political philosophy, science and technology studies and globalization.

Book International Public Health Policy and Ethics

Download or read book International Public Health Policy and Ethics written by Michael Boylan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2024-02-05 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of International Public Health Policy and Ethics complements the popular first edition with contemporary problems in international public health. It brings together philosophers and practitioners to address the foundations and principles upon which public health policy may be advanced – especially in the international arena. What is the basis that justifies public health in the first place? Why should individuals be disadvantaged for the sake of the group? How do policy concerns and clinical practice work together and work against each other? Can the boundaries of public health be extended to include social ills that are amenable to group-dynamic solutions? What about political issues? How can international finance make an impact? These are some of the crucial questions that form the core of this volume of original essays sure to cause practitioners to engage in a critical re-evaluation of the role of ethics in public health policy. With a targeted new essay dealing with COVID and public health issues in Africa this second edition provides a resource building on the first edition.

Book Affect as Contamination

    Book Details:
  • Author : Agnieszka Wolodzko
  • Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
  • Release : 2023-07-27
  • ISBN : 1350333026
  • Pages : 217 pages

Download or read book Affect as Contamination written by Agnieszka Wolodzko and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2023-07-27 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing the concept of contamination into dialogue with affect theory and bioart, Agnieszka Wolodzko urges us to rethink our relationship with ourselves, each other and other organisms. Thinking through the lens of contamination, this book provides an innovative approach to understanding the leaky, porous and visceral nature of our bodies and their endless interrelationships and, in doing so, uncovers new ways for thinking about embodiment. Affect theory has long been interested in transmission or contagion but, inspired by Spinoza and Deleuze, Affect as Contamination goes further, as contamination is concerned with the materiality of bodies and their affective encounter with other matter. This brings urgency to the notion of affect, not only for bioart that works with risky bodies but also for understanding how to practise our bodies in the age of biotechnological manipulation and governance. Using challenging and transgressive bioart projects as provocative case studies for rethinking affect and bodily practice, Wolodzko follows various 'contaminants' from blood, hormones and viruses to food, glitter and plants. This takes the form of both personal accounts of encounters with the contaminations of bioart and critical analyses of aesthetic, material and technical objects, with each one highlighting in different ways the risky and uncertain nature of contamination. Affect as Contamination is an urgent and original meditation on just what it means to be living, and practising our bodies, in an era where biotechnology contaminates all aspects of our lives.

Book Cut and Paste Genetics

    Book Details:
  • Author : Sahotra Sarkar
  • Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
  • Release : 2021-09-15
  • ISBN : 1786614391
  • Pages : 225 pages

Download or read book Cut and Paste Genetics written by Sahotra Sarkar and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2021-09-15 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emergence of CRISPR/Cas9 technology has revolutionized gene editing. The Nobel prize for chemistry was awarded to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna, the scientists responsible for its discovery, in 2020 and it is considered the frontier of sophisticated medical science. This technology contains the promise that both gene therapy and eugenic control of human evolution is possible, even plausible, in our near future. This book looks at these developements in the context of the history of previous social and scientific attempts at genetic editing, and explores the policy and ethical challenges they raise. It presents the case for altering the human germ-line (which contains and controls hereditary genetic information) to eliminate a large number of genetic diseases controlled by a single or few genes, while pointing out that gene therapy is likely to be ineffective for diseases with more complex causes. In parallel it explores the possibility of genetic enhancement in a set of case studies. But it also argues that, in general, genetic enhancement is ethically problematic and should be approached with caution. Given the success of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, and the explosion of related techniques, in practice it would be virtually impossible to ban germ-line editing in our future. A more useful goal is to put regulation in place, with oversight that represents the interests of society. That, in turn, requires an informed public discussion of these issues, which is the intention of this book.

Book Engineering the Farm

Download or read book Engineering the Farm written by Marc Lappe and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2013-04-10 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engineering the Farm offers a wide-ranging examination of the social and ethical issues surrounding the production and consumption of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), with leading thinkers and activists taking a broad theoretical approach to the subject. Topics covered include: the historical roots of the anti-biotechnology movement ethical issues involved in introducing genetically altered crops questions of patenting and labeling the "precautionary principle" and its role in the regulation of GMOs effects of genetic modification on the world's food supply ecological concerns and impacts on traditional varieties of domesticated crops potential health effects of GMOs Contributors argue that the scope, scale, and size of the present venture in crop modification is so vast and intensive that a thoroughgoing review of agricultural biotechnology must consider its global, moral, cultural, and ecological impacts as well as its effects on individual consumers. Throughout, they argue that more research is needed on genetically modified food and that consumers are entitled to specific information about how food products have been developed. Despite its increasing role in worldwide food production, little has been written about the broader social and ethical implications of GMOs. Engineering the Farm offers a unique approach to the subject for academics, activists, and policymakers involved with questions of environmental policy, ethics, agriculture, environmental health, and related fields.

Book Unnatural Harvest

Download or read book Unnatural Harvest written by Ingeborg Boyens and published by Doubleday Canada. This book was released on 2018-03-27 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advertisers may want us to believe that our food is produced on picturesque farms, but the cold reality is that the plants and animals we consume may be the result of genetic engineering in the laboratories of multinational corporations. Biotechnology brings with it implications for human and animal health, the threat of environmental damage, a possible redefining of our global food system and a Pandora's box of ethical questions. But the consuming public remains virtually unaware of the genetic alterations of their food and what that may hold in store. Thoroughly researched and accessibly written, Unnatural Harvest holds nothing back in telling us how the food we now serve ourselves and our children may be altered and why we should be very concerned.

Book Cell of Cells

    Book Details:
  • Author : Cynthia Fox
  • Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
  • Release : 2007
  • ISBN : 9780393058772
  • Pages : 578 pages

Download or read book Cell of Cells written by Cynthia Fox and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2007 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Positioned at the cutting edge of science, 'Cell of Cells' charts the international race to utilize the stem cell.

Book The Covid 19 Conundrum

Download or read book The Covid 19 Conundrum written by David Klooz and published by David Klooz. This book was released on 2020-05-29 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If you want to be scared, buy this if only to read the last four chapters on biological level 3 and 4 labs and biological warfare. If you do not want to do that, research it yourself. You will be enlightened and scared beyond belief. I began writing the book because of my interest and confusion about what has been taking place around the globe since the year 2020 began. The West went from hearing about Jeffrey Epstein being murdered in his prison cell and Prince Andrew lying worldwide during an interview to the continual broadcasts of Covid-19 – a plague of biblical proportion that was on its way to kill millions, as reported by the mass media. It still is being reported over and over but now added is – the second wave, how bad will it be? How bad was the first one? I worked in the field of public health for 32 years, the last 10 years as Associate Commissioner of Public Health in a Canadian Public Health Department responsible for a population of close to one-half million people. If I learned one thing over those years it is that only programs, strategies and interventions that are evidence based work. Anything else is so much window dressing. One excellent example is school nurses. Why is that program still in place? Because it always has been that way. Window dressing. The more I researched Covid-19 the more, rather than less, confused I became. Testing was flawed, the science was more than bad, data was all over the place, methodologies were different, and interventions, like lockdowns and closures, were anything but, evidence based. Of all the countries, Sweden came the closest to reacting with strategies that were evidence based. In all my years of public health practice, the great majority of those at risk were the always the aged, the young, those with chronic illnesses, and those in the low socioeconomic category, now getting to be the largest category in the population. Those people were always targeted during cold alerts, heat alerts, smog alerts, etc., etc. Mass closures of work and schools were never a thought. Why this time? What I will show you in this book or story is merely a number of real facts and interviews, mostly not reported by the mass media, including strange and flawed data, reversals in decisions based upon nothing tangible and rumors and innuendos. There is something very wrong in this entire story, something that is being covered up and not reported. I have some thoughts but not enough evidence to arrive at any solid conclusion. So while I am not supporting any particular theory, I hope if you are able to read some of the research and news stories that have been documented that you will have a better sense of what is happening and what is now, or will be, hidden, possibly under the, now always present, label of ‘National Security’.

Book Medical Innovation and Disease Burden

Download or read book Medical Innovation and Disease Burden written by Sobin George and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-06-10 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Striking the right balance between public health priorities and health innovation is a critical policy challenge for India given their mutually conflicting nature and interests. India has a huge burden of diseases implicated by a gamut of health problems including the uneven distribution of demographic and epidemiological transition, threat of new infectious disease pandemic like COVID 19, increasing privatisation of healthcare, low affordability to life saving medicines and most importantly the escalating healthcare expenditure coupled with poor financial risk protection. The central question that the book addresses is whether health innovation in India is sensitive to the public health needs and priorities. It unearths the overriding issues related to responsiveness and equity in India's health innovation. The book highlights the need for a responsible innovation framework for India that balances the priorities of public health and the industry goals.

Book Corona and Other Dangerous Viruses

Download or read book Corona and Other Dangerous Viruses written by Sandra Cabot MD and published by SCB International. This book was released on 2020-07-20 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, integrative medical doctor Dr. Sandra Cabot provides information on the new coronavirus which caused the COVID-19 pandemic. She provides vital facts on how to protect yourself and your family that you will not find in other books. This inside information is critical in this day and age where new viruses, as well as old viruses, will continue to threaten our health. Vaccines and drugs are only part of the solution and this book will teach you how to have a healthy immune system, give you clarity and improve your confidence to survive in good health.

Book The Cabal of Moloch and Saturn Cosmology

Download or read book The Cabal of Moloch and Saturn Cosmology written by David Klooz and published by David Klooz. This book was released on 2023-11-15 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a short description of how Zionist zealots have planned and implemented messianic protocols since 3,000 BCE by writing a bible that stole creation myths from the Babylonian Enuma Elish and the Egyptian Book of the Dead and by stealing the sacred stones of the Egyptian Ark of the Great Pyramid under the leadership of Akhenaten (Moses) and fleeing to Palestine where they, once again, took over the land occupied by the Canaanites and called it Israel. Archeologic and genetic data support that both Jews and Palestinians came from ancient Canaanites, who extensively mixed with Egyptians, Mesopotamian, and Anatolian peoples in ancient times. Thus, Palestinian-Jewish rivalry is based solely on cultural and religious, but not in genetic differences. Does anyone really believe that the storm God El, then Baal, then combined with Yahweh wrote the bible and decided that Jews would be the chosen people. Since the Spring of 2020, when mandated Covid-19 vaccines began, excess deaths have increased dramatically across the globe to about 20%, while unknown causes of death have increased significantly. The numerous lockdowns (stay at home of the workforce), fear campaigns, COVID-19 policy mandates imposed on approximately 193 member states of the United Nations have also contributed to undermining and destabilizing the very fabric of civil society and its institutions including education, culture and the arts, social gatherings, sports, entertainment; all public sector activities including physical and social infrastructure, social services, law enforcement; all major private sector activities which characterize national, regional and local economies including small, medium and large corporate enterprises, family farms, industry, wholesale and retail trade, the urban services economy, transport companies, airlines, hotel chains; the structures of the global economy including international commodity trade, investment, import and export relations between countries, while the entire landscape of the global economy has been shattered. Each culture has a ‘Creation Myth’ that is contained in their own understanding of those cataclysm events that occurred between 10,500 BCE and 685 BCE. The West has primarily used the myth in the Judeo-Christian bible. However, you would think in the year 2020 people would understand that the bible is fiction and has significant reasons for concern, such as the following: the similarities of stories; obvious rehashing of numerous previous character; unavoidable contradictions; significant moral problems, including rape, murder and incest, and an abundance of nagging questions. Unless you are mindless, one can easily understand that a book like this can be used mainly for control, but in some hands it can be used to create a self-fulfilling prophecy. The Bible Is Really the Story of Creation of the Solar System. The Bible was initially stories that were written down and cobbled together and tales told verbally by their descendants over thousands of years that tried to explain the birth of the present Solar System, and what the survivors witnessed. It began in about 10,500 BCE and ended about 685 BCE. Millions of years ago, our Earth and was created by an expulsion of plasma from its brown dwarf star, now known as the Planet Saturn. Mars was also created from a plasma expulsion from the brown dwarf, when it came under electrical stress in the plasma Universe. Saturn, as a brown dwarf, with the Earth and Mars within its plasma glow mode, had an atmosphere of salt, hydrocarbons and water that misted down on both planets for millions or billions of years, providing its oceans and oil pockets. Brown dwarfs are known to be the best home for the development of life since the glow mode provides one warm temperature with no seasons and promotes growth under its ultraviolet and infrared atmosphere. It has recently been discovered that Saturn is the only planet with the same molecular type of water as Earth. Our Earth does not wobble around its pole, as is currently believed, every 25,920 years due to solar-lunar forces acting on the Earth. It was known long ago by the Ancients that the so called change in some stars ‘precessing’ against the sky was caused by the path of our sun and planets and other stars travelling and revolving around electric Birkeland Current filaments that circle around certain stars; the star Arcturus, the star Alcyone and the star Sirius. The revolution of our current Sun with Sirus occurs every 25,000 years, with the Arcturus filament stream every 550,000 years and with Alcyone, and the Pleiades star system, every 26-27 million years. This last cycle is important since it corresponds to the same 26-27 million year extinction cycle of our Earth. It is believed that Earth’s extinction level events occurred as the Saturnian System with Earth and Mars within its orbit crossed the position of our current Sun and its planets every 26-27 million years, resulting in the mass extinctions. The biology of Earth is such a complete accident, and so utterly unlikely that it will probably not have ever been duplicated anywhere, at anytime, among the billions of other star systems. But here on Earth, all of it, especially the rise of complex species since the Cambrian, 560 million years ago, can be attributed to a series of cataclysmic plasma strikes by Saturn, each of a very long duration: biologists claim 10,000 years for the extinction events. At about 10,500 BCE, the Earth, at that time a planet of the Sun, made an electric field contact with Saturn, causing 1500 years of darkness on Earth. The period of darkness is recognized by many of the world's creation myths and was recorded in the illustrated graphic books of Mesoamerica, references to which are made in the Colonial period documents. Climatologically, the period is identified today as the Younger Dryas, when for some 1500 years Earth got as cold as it had ever been. Over the next 7000 years the orbit of Earth, apparently equal to the orbit of Saturn at that time, but below Saturn, progressively moved laterally to have the Earth's orbital path eventually travel below the centre of Saturn. Thus, between 10,500 BCE and 3147 BCE, earth was part of a strange configuration of stacked planets, a condition which provided long summers and a mild climate in the northern hemisphere. Planets, dominated by the giant form of Saturn, stood above the north horizon and close to Earth but measured in millions of miles and were taken by humans to be the Gods who supported them and for whose benefit they labored at agriculture and conducted trade. In 4070 BCE, Saturn dropped its coma. This had been the ‘chaos before creation’, which had lasted some 7,000 years and had obscured Saturn and its companion satellites. Saturn went Nova, and switched to arc mode. In a mass expulsion Saturn produced its rings and a new satellite, Venus. Saturn lit up more brilliantly than the Sun. For humans of Earth, who had not clearly seen the real Sun for thousands of years because of the shadow of the Younger Dryas, followed by the obscurity of the enclosing plasmasphere of Saturn, this was the creation, the start of time, and the first showing of the land and its resident Gods, the satellites of Saturn. Saturn was universally called the Sun throughout the world at this time. In 3147 BCE, as Mars began the oscillate between Venus and Earth this configuration of standing planets became unstable and broke apart, with the three large planets moving away from the Sun, while Earth, Venus and Mars were released to their overlapping inner orbits. The breakup produced a stupendous flood waters, which had been held at the south polar region due to gravitational attraction of Saturn for some 7,000 years. The water held at the South Pole was due to the lifting up of the Earth’s crust in the Arctic, and the sinking toward the Earth’s interior in Antarctica. This was the end of the ‘Golden Age’. When the Solar System re-arrangent was complete it formed the basis of all religions, myths and mystery schools.