Download or read book Biological weapons effort to reduce former Soviet threat offers benefits poses new risks report to congressional requesters written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biological Weapons written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biological Weapons written by U S Government Accountability Office (G and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-06 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) is an independent agency that works for Congress. The GAO watches over Congress, and investigates how the federal government spends taxpayers dollars. The Comptroller General of the United States is the leader of the GAO, and is appointed to a 15-year term by the U.S. President. The GAO wants to support Congress, while at the same time doing right by the citizens of the United States. They audit, investigate, perform analyses, issue legal decisions and report anything that the government is doing. This is one of their reports.

Download or read book Biological Weapons written by Stati Uniti. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biological Weapons written by Stati Uniti. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nonproliferation and Threat Reduction Assistance written by Amy F. Woolf and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-06 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Congress passed the Nunn-Lugar amendment, authorizing U.S. threat reduction assistance to the former Soviet Union, in Nov. 1991, after a failed coup in Moscow and the disintegration of the Soviet Union raised concerns about the safety and security of Soviet nuclear weapons. The annual program has grown from $400 million to over $1 billion/year across 3 agencies. It has also evolved from an emergency response to impending chaos in the Soviet Union, to a more comprehensive threat reduction and non-proliferation effort, to a broader program seeking to keep nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons from leaking into the hands of rogue nations or terrorists. This report discusses issues related to U.S. non-proliferation and threat reduction assistance. Illus.

Download or read book Nonproliferation and Threat Reduction Assistance U S Programs in the Former Soviet Union written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Congress passed the Nunn-Lugar amendment, authorizing U.S. threat reduction assistance to the former Soviet Union, in November 1991, after a failed coup in Moscow and the disintegration of the Soviet Union raised concerns about the safety and security of Soviet nuclear weapons. The annual program has grown from $400 million in the DOD budget around $1.1 billion across three agencies DOD, DOE, and the State Department. It has also evolved from an emergency response to impending chaos in the Soviet Union, to a more comprehensive threat reduction and nonproliferation effort, to a broader program seeking to keep nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons from leaking out of the former Soviet Union and into the hands of rogue nations or terrorist groups. The Department of Defense manages the Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) Program, which provides Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and Kazakhstan with assistance in transporting, storing, and dismantling nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons. U.S. assistance has helped these nations eliminate the delivery systems for nuclear weapons under the START I Treaty, secure weapons storage areas, construct a storage facility for nuclear materials removed from weapons, construct a destruction facility for chemical weapons, and secure biological weapons materials.

Download or read book Countering the Chemical and Biological Weapons Threat in the Post Soviet World written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Assessing the Biological Weapons Threat written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Europe, Eurasia, and Emerging Threats and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biological Weapons the Threat Posed by Terrorists written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Technology, Terrorism, and Government Information and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Soviet Union s Invisible Weapons of Mass Destruction written by Anthony Rimmington and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-12 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on Biopreparat, the Soviet agency created in 1974, which spearheaded the largest and most sophisticated biological warfare programme the world has ever seen. At its height, Biopreparat employed more than 30,000 personnel and incorporated an enormous network embracing military-focused research institutes, design centres, biowarfare pilot facilities and dual-use production plants. The secret network pursued major offensive R&D programmes, which sought to use genetic engineering techniques to create microbial strains resistant to antibiotics and with wholly new and unexpected pathogenic properties. During the mid-1980s, Biopreparat increased in size and political importance and also emerged as a major civil biopharmaceutical player in the USSR. In the wake of the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, an acute struggle for control of Biopreparat’s most valuable assets took place and the network was eventually broken-up and control of its facilities transferred to a myriad of state agencies and private companies.

Download or read book Biological Weapons written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2000-10 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hearing examining Fed. efforts in dealing with chemical and biological weapons threats to America. Witnesses: W. Seth Carus, Center for Nonproliferation Research, Nat. Defense Univ.; David Franz, deputy commander, U.S. Army Med. Research and Materiel Command, Ft. Detrick, MD; Stephen Ostroff, assoc. dir. of epidemiologic science, Nat. Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Janet Reno, Attorney General, U.S. Dept. of Justice; Louis Freeh, Dir., FBI; Donald Latham, member, Defense Science Board, Reston, VA; Robert Preston, NY, NY; and Christine Gosden, prof. of med. genetics, Univ. of Liverpool (UK).

Download or read book USAMRMC written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the Preface: This book marks the first 50 years of the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (USAMRMC). It documents a chronology highlighting some of the Command's many contributions to ensuring that world-class medical technologies are available to our service men and women. Our organizations and programs have evolved to support the needs of the warfighter in training, pre-deployment operations, deployment to nonhostile and hostile operations, post-deployment recovery and reconstitution, and into retirement.

Download or read book Agricultural Biological Weapons Threat to the United States written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services. Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biological Weapons written by Joshua Lederberg and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: foreword by William S. Cohen, U.S. Secretary of Defense Biological weapons pose a horrifying and growing threat to the United States and to the world in general. Revelations about Iraq's weapons research and the plans of the Aum Shinrikyo cult in Japan serve as frightening reminders of the potential for military or terrorist use of biological agents. The essays in this book, many of which were originally published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, examine the medical, scientific, and political dimensions of limiting the threat posed by biological weapons. The contributors consider the current threat posed by biological weapons, the history of attempts to control them, episodes in which biological agents have been used, Iraq's biological warfare program, and policies that the United States might pursue to reduce the threat. Contributors Suzanne Barth, Pamela Berkowsky, Kristin A. Birkness, Stephen Black, W. Russell Byrne, W. Seth Carus, Marie Chevrier, George W. Christopher, Theodore J. Cieslak, Richard Danzig, Edward M. Eitzen, Jr., Charles C. Engel, James R. Ferguson, Laurence R. Foster, David R. Franz, Arthur M. Friedlander, Carol S. Fullerton, Jeanne Guillemin, Charles E. Haley, Harry C. Holloway, David L. Hoover, John M. Horan, Martin Hugh-Jones, Peter B. Jahrling, Robert P. Kadlec, Akiko Kimura, Shellie A. Kolavic, Alexander Langmuir, John R. Livengood, Karl Lowe, Steven Mauvais, David J. McClain, Matthew Meselson, Ann E. Norwood, Julie A. Pavlin, Graham S. Pearson, Ilona Popova, Alexis Shelokov, Jeffrey D. Simon, Shauna L. Simons, Michael R. Skeels, Laurence Slutsker, Robert Sokolow, Robert V. Tauxe, Thomas J. Török, Jonathan B. Tucker, Robert J. Ursano, Victor Utgoff, Ann M. Vrtis, Robert P. Wise, Olga Yampolskaya, Allan P. Zellicoff, Raymond A. Zilinskas

Download or read book The Middle East Abstracts and Index written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Preventing Proliferation of Biological Weapons written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The former Soviet and subsequently Russian biological weapons program possessed capabilities far in excess of any such program known to have existed elsewhere. These capabilities included genetically-altered, antibiotic-resistant pathogens and sophisticated delivery systems. Approximately fifty biological research and production centers (BRPCs) throughout the former Soviet Union devoted either all or part of their work to the program. In the post-Soviet era, former Soviet states drastically reduced and in some cases eliminated funding for these BRPCs. Thousands of BW scientists became unemployed or underemployed, and the facilities, weapons technology, and thousands of strains of pathogens at these BRPCs became vulnerable to theft, sale or misuse. In the mid-1990s, the United States began engaging BRPCs throughout the former Soviet Union in four kinds of cooperative projects aimed at preventing proliferation of BW capabilities. Collaborative research projects involve former BW scientists in projects with American scientists and seek to deter former BW scientists from selling their expertise to terrorist groups or proliferating states. Several U.S. government agencies are involved in collaborative research projects, most of which are funded through the international science centers. Biosafety enhancement projects are intended to make BRPCs safe places for collaborating scientists to work. In combination, collaborative research and biosafety enhancement projects give U.S. officials routine access to laboratories and facilities that were once used for BW research and production. BioSecurity projects consolidate and restrict access to pathogens. Dismantlement projects target excess infrastructure and BW equipment at BRPC sites for permanent dismantlement. Biosafety, BioSecurity, and Dismantlement projects are funded through and carried out by DOD's Cooperative Threat Reduction Program. U.S. participants in these projects identify several lessons learned in the past few years. First, it has become clear that the infrastructure of the Soviet/Russian BW complex was more extensive than most analysts realized when the United States initiated its efforts to prevent proliferation of BW capabilities from former Soviet states. Cooperative projects at some BRPCs have helped open doors to other BRPCs, and since 1995, more than forty BRPCs have been involved in cooperative projects with the United States. Second, U.S. participants report that biosafety, biosecurity, and dismantlement projects require complex negotiations, complex engineering work, considerable project management support, and innovative solutions for problems specific to each BRPC. Consequently, they have learned that the United States may need to offer a long-term commitment if it wants to complete the effort. At the same time, the U.S. agencies with BW nonproliferation programs recognize the need to maximize the nonproliferation benefits of U.S. assistance in an environment with limited resources. Finally, U.S. participants have discovered that interpersonal and institutional relationships resulting from these cooperative efforts may play a powerful role in preventing proliferation of BW capabilities from former Soviet states.