Download or read book Microbial and Enzymatic Degradation of Wood and Wood Components written by Karl-Erik L. Eriksson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The oil crisis during the 1970s turned interest towards the utilization of renewable resources and towards lignocellulosics in particular. The 1970s were also the cradle period of biotechnology, and the years when biotechnical utilization of lignocellulosic waste from agriculture and forestry gained priori ty. This was a logical conclusion since one of nature's most important biologi cal reactions is the conversion of wood and other lignocellulosic materials to carbon dioxide, water and humic substances. However, while biotechnology in other areas like medicine and pharmacology concerned production of expen sive products on a small scale, biotechnical utilization and conversion of ligno cellulosics meant production of inexpensive products on a large scale. Biotechnical utilization of lignocellulosic materials is therefore a very difficult task, and the commercial utilization of this technology has not progressed as rapidly as one would have desired. One reason for this was the lack of basic knowledge of enzyme mechanisms involved in the degradation and conversion of wood, other lignocellulosics and their individual components. There are also risks associated with initiating a technical development before a stable platform of knowledge is available. Several of the projects started with en thusiasm have therefore suffered some loss of interest. Also contributing to this failing interest is the fact that the oil crisis at the time was not a real one. At present, nobody predicts a rapid exhaustion of the oil resources and fuel production from lignocellulosics is no longer a high priority.
Download or read book Biochemistry and Genetics of Cellulose Degradation written by Jean-Paul Aubert and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reviews basic research into the biochemistry and genetics of lignocellulose biodegradation; the breakdown of cellulose containing products utilizing microorganisms. This topic has received much attention of late because of possibilities for the biotechnology industry and because it is hoped that advances in the field will make a contribution to the energy crisis by utilizing biomass. However, there remains a good deal of basic research still to be done before full exploitation can be achieved.
Download or read book Ecology of Saprotrophic Basidiomycetes written by Lynne Boddy and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-12-29 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The breadth and depth of understanding of many areas concerning basidiomycetes has increased dramatically since the premier publication of Frankland et al., Decomposer Basidiomycetes: their Biology and Ecology. New vistas have opened up with the advent of powerful computing, modeling and molecular approaches helping to greatly increase the general understanding of the ecology of basidiomycetes. This is tantamount to understanding the role of fungi in natural ecosystems because they are major agents of decomposition and nutrient cycling. These remarkable advances have been incorporated into this volume that discusses all aspects of saprotrophic basidiomycete ecology.
Download or read book Wood Deterioration Protection and Maintenance written by Ladislav Reinprecht and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-07-27 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wood Deterioration, Protection and Maintenance provides an up to date discussion of the natural durability of wood, wood degradation processes, and methods of structural and chemical protection of wood. Modern active substances in wood preservatives and the relationships between preservative properties, the anatomical structure and moisture content of wood and protective processes involving pressure and/or diffusion driving forces are fully illustrated.
Download or read book Sustainable Degradation of Lignocellulosic Biomass written by Anuj Chandel and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-05-15 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides important aspects of sustainable degradation of lignocellulosic biomass which has a pivotal role for the economic production of several value-added products and biofuels with safe environment. Different pretreatment techniques and enzymatic hydrolysis process along with the characterization of cell wall components have been discussed broadly. The following features of this book attribute its distinctiveness: This book comprehensively covers the improvement in methodologies for the biomass pretreatment, hemicellulose and cellulose breakdown into fermentable sugars, the analytical methods for biomass characterization, and bioconversion of cellulosics into biofuels. In addition, mechanistic analysis of biomass pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis have been discussed in details, highlighting key factors influencing these processes at industrial scale.
Download or read book Biosynthesis and Biodegradation of Wood Components written by Takayoshi Higuchi and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem written by P.N. Hobson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 741 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Preface to the first edition of this book explained the reasons for the publication of a comprehensive text on the rumen and rumen microbes in 1988. The microbes of the ruminant's forestomach and those in related organs in other animals and birds provide the means by which herbivorous animals can digest and obtain nutriment from vegetation. In turn, humans have relied, and still do rely, on herbivores for much of their food, clothing and motive power. Herbivores also form the food of carnivorous animals and birds in the wild. The importance of the rumen microorganisms is thus apparent. But, while a knowledge of rumen organisms is not strictly neces sary for the normal, practical feeding of farm animals, in recent years there has been much more emphasis on increasing the productivity of domesti cated animals and in rearing farm animals on unusual feedstuffs. Here, a knowledge of the reactions of the rumen flora, and the limits to these reactions, can be invaluable. In addition, anaerobic rumen-type microor ganisms are found in the intestines of omnivores, including humans, and can be implicated in diseases of humans and animals. They are also found in soils and natural waters, where they playa part in causing pollution and also in reducing it, while the same organisms confined in artificial systems are essential for the purification of sewage and other polluting and toxic wastes.
Download or read book Biodegradable Polyesters written by Stoyko Fakirov and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-04-06 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Collating otherwise hard-to-get and recently acquired knowledge in one work, this is a comprehensive reference on the synthesis, properties, characterization, and applications of this eco-friendly class of plastics. A group of internationally renowned researchers offer their first-hand experience and knowledge, dealing exclusively with those biodegradable polyesters that have become increasingly important over the past two decades due to environmental concerns on the one hand and newly-devised applications in the biomedical field on the other. The result is an unparalleled overview for the industrial chemist and materials scientist, as well as for developers and researchers in industry and academia alike.
Download or read book Cellulose Science and Technology written by Jean-Luc Wertz and published by EPFL Press. This book was released on 2010-06-21 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An ideal reference for scientists in natural and synthetic polymer research, this book applies basic biology as well as polymer and sugar chemistry to the study of cellulose, and it provides key requirements for understanding this complex science.
Download or read book Lignocellulose Biodegradation written by American Chemical Society. Meeting and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lignocellulose Biodegradation will be useful for chemists, biochemists, microbiologists, molecular biologists, and biochemical engineers. This book describes advances in lignocellulose biodegradation and application in biotechnology. It contains a combination of original research and review chapters. An overview chapter on lignocellulose biodegradation and applications in biotechnology focuses on recent research progress in the field. Lignocellulose Biodegradation includes sections on pretreatment, biodegradation, enzyme characterization and application.
Download or read book Biodegradation written by Rolando Chamy and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-06-14 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains a collection of different biodegradation research activities where biological processes take place. The book has two main sections: A) Polymers and Surfactants Biodegradation and B) Biodegradation: Microbial Behaviour.
Download or read book Soil Microbiology Ecology and Biochemistry written by Eldor Paul and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-11-14 with total page 603 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fourth edition of Soil Microbiology, Ecology and Biochemistry updates this widely used reference as the study and understanding of soil biota, their function, and the dynamics of soil organic matter has been revolutionized by molecular and instrumental techniques, and information technology. Knowledge of soil microbiology, ecology and biochemistry is central to our understanding of organisms and their processes and interactions with their environment. In a time of great global change and increased emphasis on biodiversity and food security, soil microbiology and ecology has become an increasingly important topic. Revised by a group of world-renowned authors in many institutions and disciplines, this work relates the breakthroughs in knowledge in this important field to its history as well as future applications. The new edition provides readable, practical, impactful information for its many applied and fundamental disciplines. Professionals turn to this text as a reference for fundamental knowledge in their field or to inform management practices. - New section on "Methods in Studying Soil Organic Matter Formation and Nutrient Dynamics" to balance the two successful chapters on microbial and physiological methodology - Includes expanded information on soil interactions with organisms involved in human and plant disease - Improved readability and integration for an ever-widening audience in his field - Integrated concepts related to soil biota, diversity, and function allow readers in multiple disciplines to understand the complex soil biota and their function
Download or read book Microbial Degradation of Natural Products written by Günther Winkelmann and published by Wiley-VCH. This book was released on 1992 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biological Degradation of Cellulose written by John Allan Gascoigne and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plant Litter written by Björn Berg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the publication of the 2nd edition, there have been substantial developments in the field of litter decomposition. This fully revised and updated 3rd edition of Plant Litter reflects and discusses new findings and re-evaluates earlier ones in light of recent research and with regard to current areas of investigation. The availability of several long-term studies allows a more in-depth approach to decomposition patterns and to the later stages of decomposition, as well as to humus formation and accumulation. The latest information focuses on three fields: - the effects of manganese on decomposition and possibly on carbon sequestration, - new findings on decomposition dynamics, and - the new analytical technique using 13C-NMR.
Download or read book Biodegradation of Cellulose written by Anthony J. Clarke and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1996-08-27 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: FROM THE AUTHOR'S PREFACE This book . . . is focused on the structure and function relationships of the four major hydrolytic enzymes, cellulases, cellobiohydrolases, b-glucosidases, and xylanases as it relates to their mechanism of action. It should be of interest to biotechnologists and industrial researchers interested in manipulating these enzymes to their full potential as catalysts for various current and new applications. It begins with an overview of the nature of cellulose and heteroxylan, followed by a description of the enzymes involved in its hydrolysis, their general structure, characteristics, and classification. Chapter 3 discusses how these various enzymes are integrated and associated for the efficient solubilization of cellulose and heteroxylan. This includes a review of the literature concerning the cellulosomes and other cellulolytic complexes. The chapter on production and purification provides an overview of this subject matter. . . . These first four chapters thus set the stage for the more comprehensive discussion of the mechanism of action of each of the primary hydrolases which follows. . . . [T]he data pertaining to the catalytic mechanism of both the retaining and inverting forms of these enzymes since such studies were initiated on cellulases . . . in 1954 is reviewed in Chapter 5. The book concludes with an overview of the mode of action of the enzymes and a discussion, citing a few examples, of how the modern methods of molecular biology, enzymology, and X-ray crystallography are being used to manipulate selected enzymes for a variety of biotechnological and industrial purposes. The information in this new book will be of value to scientists and researchers working in the areas of biochemistry, botany, crop science, ecology, microbiology and mycology, in addition to those in the forestry and forest product industries.
Download or read book Enzymatic Degradation of Insoluble Carbohydrates written by John N. Saddler and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a review of enzymes used in the conversion of renewable feedstocks such as starch and cellulose. Provides examples of the use of enzymes in the resource sector, specifically addressing their use in agriculture, forest products, and pulp and paper. Explores greater use of agriculture and forestry residues and possible enzymatic modification.
