Download or read book Biodegradation of Chlorinated Methanes Using a Methylotrophic anaerobic Biofilm Reactor written by Stephen J. Celeste and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chlorinated low molecular weight solvents have been discovered in a number of the nation's groundwater supplies. Remediation of these aquifers will require some form of treatment. Presently, the dominant treatment method is air stripping which results in transfer of the solvent from the aqueous phase into the atmosphere. Biodegradation is an attractive alternative because the solvents can be converted into harmless by-products. This study explored the use of a combination of methylotrophic and anaerobic bacteria to biodegrade chlorinated methanes. The objectives were to develop a reactor system capable of sustaining both methylotrophic and anaerobic bacterial populations, and to evaluate the biodegradation of chlorinated methanes in this system. A gas permeable membrane (Goretex) separated the reactor into a liquid compartment and a gas compartment. The methylotrophs were provided methane as an electron donor and oxygen as an electron acceptor. Inorganic nutrients and chlorinated methanes were supplied in the bulk solution. Methane and chloromethanes were the sole sources of carbon supplied to the reactor. The membrane was rotated as a flat plate to ensure complete mixing and to encourage growth of a biofilm of uniform thickness. The methylotrophic bacteria were grown as a biofilm on a gas permeable membrane. The anaerobic bacteria appeared to grow both as a biofilm and in suspension in the bulk solution. The chlorinated methane concentrations were measured in the headspace, gas compartment, and liquid compartment. Oxygen and methane use was also monitored. The reactor was operated in batch mode, and the biofilm was assumed to be in a quasi-steady state condition with respect to growth. The combined methylotrophic/anaerobic biofilm system was effective in biodegrading carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, and dichioromethane. Carbon tetrachloride removal was accompanied by production of chloroform and trace amounts of dichloromethane, which is consistent with an anaerobic dechlorination pathway. Dichloromethane removal was inhibited in the absence of oxygen, which is consistent with a biological oxidation pathway. Chloroform removal under anoxic conditions was accompanied by production of dichloromethane, suggesting an anaerobic dechlorination pathway. Under aerobic conditions, the removal rate of chloroform increased nearly four fold, indicating that chloroform was biologically oxidized as well as anaerobically dechlorinated. Dechlorination of carbon tetrachloride and oxidation of dichioromethane occurred most rapidly, followed by combined dechlorination and oxidation of chloroform.

Download or read book Bioremediation of Chlorinated Solvents written by Robert E. Hinchee and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil and groundwater contamination stemming from the release of various chlorinated compounds into the environment is a significant and difficult site remediation challenge. The articles in this collection discuss the use of aerobic and anaerobic biological degradation to dehalogenate sites contaminated with pesticides and chlorinated solvents such as trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethene, tetrachloromethene, perchloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, pentachlorophenol, and chlorinated benzene. Bench- and field-scale studies of the biological processes associated with in situ dechlorination of soil and aquifers are described. Discussed are the uses of microcosm studies and numerical simulation of dechlorination to manage system operation. Site characteristics (e.g., hydraulic properties, temperature, nitrogen availability) and their effect on the stability of the methanotrophic community are examined. Methods discussed include the use of air venting, alternative electron donors, biofilm reactors, surfactants, municipal digester sludge, iron enhancement, and sulfate reduction to improve conditions for the microbial consortia that effect dechlorination.

Download or read book Development of a Method to Elucidate Biodegradation Pathways of Chlorinated One and Two Carbon Compounds Using a Gas permeable membrane supported Methylotrophic Biofilm written by Kelly M. Ryan and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A gas-permeable-membrane-supported (GPMS) biofilm consisting of methylotrophic bacteria was effective in degrading chlorinated methanes, ethanes, and ethenes. The biofilm was developed on a gas-permeable fabric (Goretex, W.L. Gore & Associates, Elkton, Maryland) that divided a reactor vessel into a liquid compartment and a gas compartment. Goretex is a nylon-backed teflon mesh that allows gas transfer, but is impermeable to water. Methane and oxygen were diffused from a gas compartment, through the membrane, to the methylotrophic biofilm on the liquid side of the membrane. During the biofilm's development, methane served as the sole carbon source and electron donor, and oxygen served as the electron acceptor. Inorganic nutrients were supplied in the bulk aqueous solution. The chlorinated compounds were added to the bulk liquid. Removal of the compounds was monitored and the methylotrophic GPMS biofilm was shown to be effective in degrading dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane; and cis 1,2-dichloroethene. Rates of degradation increased in the order of chlorinated ethene, ethane, and methane. The GPMS system can be operated in either batch or continuous flow mode with similar degradation rates resulting from each process. A model was developed to predict metabolic product concentration as a function of time and retention time in batch or continuous flow reactors. No metabolic products were detected, but it is apparent that the degradation rates of any metabolites of dichloromethane or 1,2-dichloroethane are probably at least ten times greater than that of the original parent compounds.

Download or read book Land Disposal Remedial Action Incineration and Treatment of Hazardous Waste written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Environmental Microbiology for Engineers written by Volodymyr Ivanov and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-07-26 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third edition of Environmental Microbiology for Engineers explores the role that microorganisms play in the engineered protection and enhancement of an environment. Offering a perfect balance of microbiological knowledge and environmental biotechnology principles, it provides a practical understanding of microorganisms and their functions in the environment and in environmental engineering systems. The book also presents a quantitative description of applied microbiological processes and their engineering design. This updated edition includes all new information on construction biotechnology, biogeotechnical engineering, construction biomaterials, environmental engineering of life-support closed ecosystems, defense biotechnologies, and biosafety in civil and environmental engineering. Features: Classroom tested in universities as a primary course text for civil and environmental engineering students Includes quizzes, problems, and solutions for better understanding of the material Covers essential topics such as the diversity and functions of microorganisms in the environment and environmental engineering systems, the structure and functions of microbial ecosystems, applied microbial genetics and molecular biology, environmental bioengineering, and more Offers combined coverage of microbiology and biotechnology adapted for students in advanced civil and environmental engineering courses Environmental Microbiology for Engineers provides a practical understanding of microorganisms in civil engineering processes and their functions in environmental engineering systems. It is intended for upper-level undergraduate, graduate, and post-graduate students of civil and environmental engineering. It is also useful for practicing environmental engineers working in the areas of wastewater, solid waste treatment, soil remediation, and ground improvement.

Download or read book Novel Approaches for Bioremediation of Organic Pollution written by Raffi Fass and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the 42nd OHOLO Conference held in Eilat, Israel, May 3-7, 1998

Download or read book Perchlorate written by Baohua Gu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-07-02 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a detailed description of perchlorate chemistry and recent advances in innovative remediation technologies for perchlorate contamination and their pros and cons Additionally, the first book to describe the natural occurrence of perchlorate and its unique isotopic signatures for environmental forensics and its detection in the environment, particularly the real-time analysis using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Download or read book Applied and Environmental Microbiology written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 938 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Current Opinion in Biotechnology written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook on Biodegradation and Biological Treatment of Hazardous Organic Compounds written by M.H. van Agteren and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-05-31 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The introduction of synthetic organic chemicals into the environment during the last few decades has given rise to major concern about the ecotoxicological effects and ultimate fate of these compounds. The pollutants that are considered to be most hazardous because of their intrinsic toxicity, high exposure level, or recalcitrant behavior in the environment have been placed on blacklists and other policy priority lists. The fate of synthetic compounds that enter the environment is mainly determined by their rate of biodegradation, which therefore also has a major effect on the degree of bioaccumulation and the risk of ecotoxicological effects. The degree and rate of biodegradation is also of critical importance for the feasibility of biological techniques to clean up contaminated sites and waste streams. The biodegradation of xenobiotics has thus been the subject of numerous studies, which resulted in thousands of publications in scientific journals, books, and conference proceedings. These studies led to a deeper understanding of the diversity of biodegradation processes. As a result, it has become possible to enhance the rate of degradation of recalcitrant pollutants during biological treatment and to design completely new treatment processes. At present, much work is being done to expand the range of pollutants to which biodegradation can be applied, and to make treatment techniques less expensive and better applicable for waste streams which are difficult to handle.

Download or read book The Combined Sharon Anammox Process written by L. G. J. M. van Dongen and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2001-09-30 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wastewater treatment management, alongside many other industries, is seeking to attain a higher degree of sustainability for its processes by focusing on new technologies which minimise the consumption of resources or even recover them from the wastewater. Conventional removal of ammonium requires usually large amounts of energy for aeration and organic carbon for denitrification. This report focuses on making the nitrogen-removal process more sustainable. This can be achieved by a partial oxidation of ammonium to nitrite, after which the nitrate produced can be converted into nitrogen gas with the rest of ammonium under anoxic conditions. The treatment of nitrogen-rich water can be carried out beneficially by a combination of the Sharon process with the Anammox process. In this combined process less than 50% of the aeration energy is needed, no COD is required and an insignificant amount of sludge is produced. In this Report the potential of using this technology for the treatment of water arising from sludge treatment at a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is evaluated and the results of the operation of the system are described in detail. This reject water contains a significant fraction of the N-load towards the wastewater treatment plant. The results are used in an economic evaluation of a potential full scale installation. The Combined Sharon/Anammox Process Report will provide an invaluable source of information for all those concerned with the efficient and sustainable treatment of wastewater including plant managers, process designers, consultants and researchers.

Download or read book Current Advances in Anaerobic Digestion Technology written by Marcell Nikolausz and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-03-17 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic digestion (AD) is one of the oldest biotechnological processes and originally referred to biomass degradation under anoxic conditions in both natural and engineered systems. It has been used for decades to treat various waste streams and to produce methane-rich biogas as an important energy carrier, and it has become a major player in electrical power production. AD is a popular, mature technology, and our knowledge about the influencing process parameters as well as about the diverse microbial communities involved in the process has increased dramatically over the last few decades. To avoid competition with food and feed production, the AD feedstock spectrum has constantly been extended to waste products either rich in recalcitrant lignocellulose or containing inhibitory substances such as ammonia, which requires application of various pre-treatments or specific management of the microbial resources. Extending the definition of AD, it can also convert gases rich in hydrogen and carbon dioxide into methane that can substitute natural gas, which opens new opportunities by a direct link to traditional petrochemistry. Furthermore, AD can be coupled with emerging biotechnological applications, such as microbial electrochemical technologies or the production of medium-chain fatty acids by anaerobic fermentation. Ultimately, because of the wide range of applications, AD is still a very vital field in science. This Special Issue highlights some key topics of this research field.

Download or read book Microorganisms In Industry And Environment From Scientific And Industrial Research To Consumer Products Proceedings Of The Iii International Conference On Environmental Industrial And Applied Microbiology Biomicroworld2009 written by Antonio Mendez-vilas and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010-12-09 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to disseminate the most current research in applied microbiology presented at the III International Conference on Environmental, Industrial and Applied Microbiology (BioMicroWorld2009) held in Lisbon, Portugal, in December 2009.This volume offers an inviting exploration of microbiology from scientific and industrial research to consumer products in a compilation of more than 150 papers written by leading experts in the field, who afford critical insights into several topics, review current research and discuss future directions to stimulate further discussions. This book also serves as an update on the most important current microbial research, by providing a comprehensive overview of cutting-edge topics in a single volume, where readers can also gain insights into how microbiology can solve problems in everyday settings.Although largely intended for microbiologists interested in knowing the latest developments in agriculture, environmental, food, industrial, medical and pharmaceutical microbiology and microbial biotechnology, this book is also a great source of reference for scientists and researchers involved in advancements in applied microbiology.

Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 2268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.

Download or read book Anaerobic Biotechnology for Bioenergy Production written by Samir Kumar Khanal and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-11-18 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic biotechnology is a cost-effective and sustainable means of treating waste and wastewaters that couples treatment processes with the reclamation of useful by-products and renewable biofuels. This means of treating municipal, agricultural, and industrial wastes allows waste products to be converted to value-added products such as biofuels, biofertilizers, and other chemicals. Anaerobic Biotechnology for Bioenergy Production: Principles and Applications provides the reader with basic principles of anaerobic processes alongside practical uses of anaerobic biotechnology options. This book will be a valuable reference to any professional currently considering or working with anaerobic biotechnology options.

Download or read book Biogenesis of Hydrocarbons written by Alfons J. M. Stams and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book covers the microbiological, environmental and biotechnological aspects of alkane production. Alkanes are important energy-rich compounds on earth. Microbial synthesis of methane and other alkanes is an essential part of the geochemical cycling of carbon and offers perspectives for our biobased economy. This book discusses different aspects of current knowledge of microbial alkane production. Chapters with state of the art information are written by renowned scientists in the field. The chapters are organised into four themed parts:1. Biochemistry of Biogenesis - Hydrocarbons2. Taxonomy, Ecophysiology and Genomics of Biogenesis - Hydrocarbons3. Biogenic Communities: Members, Functional Roles4. Global Consequences of Methane Production

Download or read book Alternatives for Ground Water Cleanup written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There may be nearly 300,000 waste sites in the United States where ground water and soil are contaminated. Yet recent studies question whether existing technologies can restore contaminated ground water to drinking water standards, which is the goal for most sites and the result expected by the public. How can the nation balance public health, technological realities, and cost when addressing ground water cleanup? This new volume offers specific conclusions, outlines research needs, and recommends policies that are technologically sound while still protecting health and the environment. Authored by the top experts from industry and academia, this volume: Examines how the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the subsurface environment, as well as the properties of contaminants, complicate the cleanup task. Reviews the limitations of widely used conventional pump-and-treat cleanup systems, including detailed case studies. Evaluates a range of innovative cleanup technologies and the barriers to their full implementation. Presents specific recommendations for policies and practices in evaluating contamination sites, in choosing remediation technologies, and in setting appropriate cleanup goals.