Download or read book Biodegradation of 1 4 Dioxane in Co Contaminant Mixtures written by Shu Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioremediation is a promising technology to degrade or detoxify various organic and inorganic compounds in polluted environments by using microbiological activity, but it is sensitive to biogeochemical conditions as well as co-occuring compounds at impacted sites. This study focused on biodegradation of 1,4-dioxane, which is a carcinogen and an emerging water contaminant. 1,4-Dioxane was utilized as a stabilizer of chlorinated solvents, such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA); and it has been found widespread in groundwater. Many US states are implementing lower regulatory advisory levels based on the toxicity profile of 1,4-dioxane and the potential public health risks. However, the unique chemical properties of 1,4-dioxane, such as high water solubility, low Henry's law constant, and importantly, the co-occurrence with chlorinated solvents and other contaminants, increase the challenges to efficiently cleanup 1,4-dioxane contaminations. The objectives of this research were to measure and model the effects of chlorinated solvents on 1,4-dioxane metabolic biodegradation by laboratory pure cultures, elucidate the mechanisms of the inhibition, and test the effects of mixtures of co-contaminants in samples collected from actual 1,4-dioxane contaminated sites. It was determined that individual solvents inhibited biodegradation of 1,4-dioxane in the following order: 1,1-dichloroethene (1,1-DCE) > cis-1,2-diochloroethene (cDCE) > trichloroethene (TCE) > 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA). The results confirmed that 1,1-DCE was the strongest inhibitor of 1,4-dioxane biodegradation, even in chlorinated ethene mixtures. The energy production was delayed, and the genes coding for catalytic enzymes, dioxane monooxygenase (dxmB) and alcohol dehydrogenase (aldH) were down regulated, in the presence of chlorinated solvents. These results will be useful to scientists in understanding the fundamentals of enzymatic processes that catalyze biological degradation of hazardous compounds, and to environmental engineers by providing quantitative data valuable for the development of in-situ bioremediation approaches for contaminant mixtures.

Download or read book Of Biofilms and Treatment Trains Removing 1 4 Dioxane and Co contaminant Mixtures from Water written by Nicholas Wade Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addressing trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) in freshwater supplies is increasingly important to ensure continued water security as it becomes stressed by rising demand and climate change. While many physical-chemical technologies are ineffective or cost-prohibitive for removing these contaminants from water, biological treatment is becoming an appealing strategy due to generally lower energy and chemical requirements, resulting in improved sustainability and cost-effectiveness. The research presented in this dissertation describes the treatment of environmentally relevant mixtures of water contaminants using biodegradation by bacterial biofilms and treatment trains. 1,4-Dioxane, an industrial solvent and solvent stabilizer, which is a probable carcinogen frequently detected in water supplies, was used as a model TrOC. First, a propanotroph, Mycobacterium austroafricanum JOB5, grown planktonically or in biofilms, was demonstrated to cometabolically biotransform 1,4-dioxane in the presence of carcinogenic hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]. In both growth modes, extracellular polymeric substances shielded the cells and mitigated inhibitory effects of Cr(VI) at levels as high as 10 mg/L. Next, Pseudonocardia dioxanivorans CB1190 biofilms grown on ZSM-5 zeolite (bio-zeolite) were capable of sustaining their growth by biodegrading 1,4-dioxane in aqueous mixtures containing chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs). Isotherm modeling and molecular dynamics simulations helped characterize the adsorption mechanisms of 1,4-dioxane and how CVOCs affected the overall treatment performance of the system. Bio-zeolite was able to degrade 1,4-dioxane in the presence of trichloroethene or cis-1,2-dichloroethene with little observable inhibition, but was inhibited by the presence of 5 mg/L 1,1-dichloroethene. Lastly, flow-through columns packed with granular activated carbon (GAC) bioaugmented with CB1190 biofilms (bio-GAC) were determined to remove 1,4-dioxane and CVOCs from water more effectively than abiotic GAC. Column reactors containing a bio-GAC/sand mixed bed removed 1,4-dioxane better than a stratified bed. Longer hydraulic residence times caused increased oxygen limitation due to oxygen adsorption by GAC. Additionally, appropriate application of nutrients was found to be crucial to bioreactor performance due to the presence of other microbes and possible adsorption by GAC. This research will be valuable for further developing more sustainable technologies to treat TrOC mixtures containing mixed-polarity compounds and present new directions for applying biological-physical treatment trains to address recalcitrant environmental contaminants.

Download or read book Microbial Ecology and Bioremediation of 1 4 Dioxane and Chlorinated Solvents Contaminated Groundwater and Soil written by Yu Miao and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is crucial to consider the impact of abiotic and biological remediation technologies on the microbial ecology to predict the success of short-term active treatments and long-term passive attenuation processes. In this research, three bioremediation strategies were tested individually or coupled with chemical remedies in bench- and pilot-scale studies for removing 1,4-dioxane and chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs), which are widespread co-occurring contaminants in soils and water resources across the U.S., attracting attention because of their potential carcinogenicities. In each project, amplification of taxonomic and functional genes by qPCR as well as metagenomics including high-throughput sequencing were applied to provide reliable information about microbial communities in the ecological matrices as they transitioned from 1,4-dioxane and CVOC contaminations to exposures from treatment technologies and degradation products. A comprehensive multiple lines of evidence approach provided evidence of natural attenuation by microorganisms capable of metabolic or co-metabolic degradation of 1,4-dioxane within a large, diffuse plume. A pilot study of bioaugmentation with Pseudonocardia dioxanivorans CB1190 through direct injection as well as in-situ bioreactor was successfully conducted at a site impacted by 1,4-dioxane and CVOCs. Bench-scale microcosms were established to inform pilot-scale ex-situ bioreactors and in-situ propane biosparging at an industrial site. 1,4-Dioxane co-metabolism by indigenous microbes was accelerated by biostimulation with propane and nutrients. Inoculations with CB1190 or propanotroph, Rhodococcus ruber ENV425, were eventually outcompeted by native microbes, but gene allocations for xenobiotics and lipid metabolism were enhanced and accompanied rapid 1,4-dioxane degradation rates. Three synergistic treatment trains: oxidation & catalysis, oxidation & biodegradation, and catalysis & biodegradation, were applied to achieve nearly complete 1,4-dioxane removals even in the presence of inhibitory CVOCs. While oxidant- or nanocatalyst-tolerant microbes were dominant immediately after chemical processes, the microbial community thrived during the biodegradation in a deterministic process over time, presenting higher biodiversity that indicated a more stable community. The post-treatment community carried various functional potentials, such as degradation of CVOCs and aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as nitrogen fixation. These mechanistic and quantitative data will be valuable for developing synergistic treatments that lead to savings in cost, energy, and substrate amendments for the remediation of contaminant mixtures.

Download or read book Environmental Investigation and Remediation written by Thomas K.G. Mohr and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A ubiquitous, largely overlooked groundwater contaminant, 1,4-dioxane escaped notice by almost everyone until the late 1990s. While some dismissed 1,4-dioxane because it was not regulated, others were concerned and required testing and remediation at sites they oversaw. Drawing years of 1,4-dioxane research into a convenient resource, Environmental

Download or read book Biodegradation of 1 4 Dioxane by Aerobic Bacteria written by Shaily Mahendra and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A biochemical pathway was proposed for monooxygenase-catalyzed dioxane biodegradation, in which the major intermediates were identified as 2-hydroxyethoxyacetic acid (HEAA), ethylene glycol, glycolate, and oxalate. Dioxane was ultimately mineralized to CO2. Bioremediation of dioxane via this pathway is not expected to cause accumulation of toxic compounds in the environment.

Download or read book Biodegradation and Molecular Analysis of 1 4 dioxane and Other Organic Contaminants in Soils Using Metagenomic Tools written by Vidhya Ramalingam and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, 1,4-dioxane, a potential human carcinogen, was used as a stabilizer in 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA) formulations and is now frequently detected at chlorinated solvent contaminated sites. Bioremediation has emerged as an effective strategy to treat 1,4-dioxane. However, the distribution of 1,4-dioxane degrading species across various environmental samples is generally unknown. Additionally, 1,4-dioxane contamination typically occurs in groundwater under highly reducing conditions. There is a significant knowledge gap and a lack of information on the susceptibility of 1,4-dioxane to biodegradation under such reducing conditions. The success of organic contaminant bioremediation is often linked to the abundance of functional genes present in the soil that are associated with the degradation process. Although some information exists on the presence of these genes in contaminated soils, there is limited knowledge on the presence and diversity of these genes in uncontaminated soils. To address all these knowledge gaps, a series of studies were conducted. The first study aims at identifying which 1,4-dioxane degrading functional genes are present in soil communities and which genera may be using 1,4-dioxane and/or metabolites to support growth across different microbial communities. For this, laboratory sample microcosms and abiotic control microcosms (containing media) were inoculated with four uncontaminated soils and sediments from two contaminated sites. The sample microcosms were amended with 1,4-dioxane thrice and live control microcosms were treated in the same manner, except 1,4-dioxane was not added. Biodegradation was observed and whole genome shotgun sequencing was carried out. Although some degraders previously linked to 1,4-dioxane degradation were detected, Nocardioides, Gordonia and Kribbella were found to be potentially novel degraders. The functional genes associated with 1,4-dioxane demonstrated three genes were present at higher relative abundance values, including Rhodococcus sp. RR1 prmA, Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 prmA and Burkholderia cepacia G4 tomA3. The second study is focused on anaerobic biodegradation of 1,4-dioxane. The potential for 1,4-dioxane biodegradation was examined using multiple inocula and electron acceptor amendments. Compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA) was used to further investigate biodegradation in a subset of the microcosms. DNA was extracted from microcosms exhibiting 1,4-dioxane biodegradation for microbial community analysis using 16S rRNA gene amplicon high throughput sequencing. 1,4-dioxane biodegradation was most commonly observed in the nitrate amended and no electron acceptor treatments. However, it is important to note that the degradation was slow (approximately one year). The third study examines a set of genes associated with organic contaminant degradation in four uncontaminated (agricultural) soils. The abundance and diversity of benA, bph, dbfA, dxnA, etnC, etnE, ppaH, npaH, vcrA, xenA, xenB and xplA were investigated using protein sequences from the Functional Gene Pipeline and Repository (FunGene). The phylogenetic trees created indicate many genera may potentially be associated with each gene including Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, Mycobacterium and Nocardioides. From these, some strains are well studied and are known to be involved in the biodegradation of organic contaminants and others are potentially new genera that may be associated with the biodegradation of the targeted group of contaminants.

Download or read book Sequential Anaerobic Aerobic Biodegradation of Trichloroethylene and 1 4 Dioxane written by Alexandra LaPat Polasko and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chlorinated ethenes, such as trichloroethylene (TCE) and their stabilizers, such as 1,4- dioxane, are widespread groundwater contaminants. Bioremediation can be an effective approach, but opposing redox conditions favored by chlorinated ethane-and 1,4-dioxane- degrading bacteria pose a challenge for their concurrent bioremediation. We engineered a microbial community composed of the anaerobic chlorinated ethene-degrading consortium (KB-1i ) and aerobic (Pseudonocardia dioxanivorans CB1190 (CB1190)) bacterial strain, which uses 1,4-dioxane. After anaerobic incubation and TCE reduction, CB1190 + KB-1i coculture was viable and rapidly biodegraded 1,4-dioxane in the presence of oxygen. Aerobic biodegradation of cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (cDCE) by CB1190 was also described. As a plume disperses downgradient, the redox conditions change from anaerobic (source zone) to aerobic (leading edge). The results from this study demonstrate that the engineered microbial community can survive redox changes and biodegrade chlorinated ethenes and 1,4-dioxane. This approach could reduce the cost, energy, and substrates required for in-situ bioremediation of contaminant mixtures.

Download or read book Biodegradation of 1 4 Dioxane written by Yi Xiong and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1,4-Dioxane, a likely human carcinogen, has recently been detected in surface and groundwaters throughout the United States. As a contaminant of emerging concern, 1,4-dioxane has not yet been regulated by federal drinking water standards. The future regulatory limit for 1,4-dioxane is likely to be strict with federal maximum contaminant level lower than 1 μg/L. Therefore, 1,4-dioxane has stimulated great research interests. Conventional treatment processes including air stripping and carbon adsorption are not effective in removing 1,4-dioxane. Many advanced oxidation processes have demonstrated effectiveness at the expense of high energy and chemical costs. Biodegradation of 1,4-dioxane is an attractive alternative. However, 1,4-dioxane is generally recalcitrant to biodegradation, meaning that the growth rate of 1,4-dioxane degrading bacteria and the biodegradation rate of 1,4-dioxane is often slow. To promote the biodegradation of 1,4-dioxane, two approaches were investigated. In the first approach, a water film non-thermal plasma reactor and an aerobic biological reactor was combined to treat water contaminated by 1,4-dioxane. The plasma reactor converted 1,4-dioxane to organic products including ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monoformate, ethylene glycol diformate, 1,4-dioxan-2-one, 1,4-dioxan-2-ol, and formic, oxalic, glycolic, and methoxyacetic acids. The concentration and composition of the organic products exiting the plasma reactor varied with hydraulic retention time (HRT) and affected the following biological treatment time. At the optimum HRT for the plasma reactor (i.e., 1 second), ~25% of 1,4-dioxane was mineralized to CO2, and ~75% was converted to organic products, which were further degraded in the following biological reactor. In the second approach, biodegradation of 1,4-dioxane with the addition of primary substrates was studied. Seven aqueous amendments (i.e., tetrahydrofuran, butanone, acetone, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, phenol and acetate) and five gaseous amendments (i.e., C1-C4 alkanes and ethylene) were evaluated as the primary substrates for dioxane degradation by mixed microbial consortia. The aqueous amendments were tested in microcosm bottles and the gaseous amendments were tested in a continuous-flow membrane biofilm reactor with hollow fibers pressurized by the gaseous amendments. Ethane was found to be the most effective gaseous substrate and tetrahydrofuran (THF) was the only aqueous substrate that promoted dioxane degradation. To understand the mechanisms by which THF affects dioxane biodegradation, changes in microbial community structure in microcosm experiments with synthetic media and landfill leachate were examined over time. The data revealed that in experiments with synthetic media, the addition of THF significantly increased the abundance of Pseudonocardia, a genus with several representatives that can grow on both dioxane and THF, and Rhodococus ruber, a species that can use THF as the primary growth substrate while co-metabolizing dioxane. However, in similar experiments with landfill leachate, only Rhodococcus ruber was significantly enriched. When the THF concentration was higher than the dioxane concentration, THF competitively inhibited dioxane degradation since dioxane degradation was negligible while the dioxane-degrading bacteria and the corresponding THF/dioxane monooxygenase gene copies increased by a few orders of magnitude. The effects of THF on 1,4-dioxane degradation was further investigated using two biological activated carbon reactors. The first reactor (denoted by Reactor H) treated dioxane at 500 [mu]g/L, a typical concentration in groundwater close to the contamination source. The second reactor (denoted by Reactor L) treated dioxane at 25 [mu]g/L at a comparable surface loading rate. The addition of THF promoted the dioxane degradation with an optimum THF: dioxane ratio of 3:1 in both reactors. In the reactor H, the relative abundance of Rhodococcus ruber increased from from 0.1% to 43.6% when the THF: dioxane ratio increased from 0:1 to 3:1, and decreased to 5.2% when the ratio further increased to 7:1. The influent dioxane concentration significantly affected the microbial community since Rhodococcus ruber was not enriched in the reactor L, and Mycobacterium was likely the microbe mainly responsible for dioxane degradation. The influent dioxane concentration also affected the mechanisms of dioxane degradation because the dioxane-monooxygenase and gene copies increased by 3 folds in the reactor H, but not in the reactor L. This dissertation is based on and adapted from published journal papers and manuscripts that are ready to submit.

Download or read book Environmental Investigation and Remediation written by Thomas K.G. Mohr and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-01-02 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Filled with updated information, equations, tables, figures, and citations, Environmental Investigation and Remediation: 1,4-Dioxane and Other Solvent Stabilizers, Second Edition provides the full range of information on 1,4-dioxane. It offers passive and active remediation strategies and treatment technologies for 1,4-dioxane in groundwater and provides the technical resources to help readers choose the best methods for their particular situation. This new edition includes all new information on remediation costs and reflects the latest research in the field. It includes new practical case studies to illustrate the concepts presented, including 1,4-dioxane occurrence in Long Island and the Cape Fear watershed in North Carolina. Features: Fully updated throughout to reflect the most recent research on 1,4-dioxane Describes the nature and extent of 1,4-dioxane releases, their regulation, and their remediation in a variety of geologic settings Examines 1,4-dioxane analytical chemistry, its many industrial uses, and 1,4-dioxane occurrence as a byproduct in production of many products Provides ample site data for recent and relevant remediation case studies, and a review of the widely varying regulatory landscape for 1,4-dioxane cleanup levels and drinking water limits Discusses the importance of accounting for contaminant archeology in investigating contaminated sites, and leveraging solvent stabilizers in forensic investigations While written primarily for practicing professionals, such as environmental consultants and attorneys, water utility engineers, and laboratory managers, the book will also appeal to researchers and academics as well. This new edition serves as a highly useful reference on the occurrence, sampling and analysis, and remedial investigation and design for 1,4-dioxane and related contaminants.

Download or read book In Situ Remediation of Chlorinated Solvent Plumes written by Hans F. Stroo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-10 with total page 807 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the late 1970s and early 1980s, our nation began to grapple with the legacy of past disposal practices for toxic chemicals. With the passage in 1980 of the Comprehensive Envir- mental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), commonly known as Sup- fund, it became the law of the land to remediate these sites. The U. S. Department of Defense (DoD), the nation’s largest industrial organization, also recognized that it too had a legacy of contaminated sites. Historic operations at Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps facilities, ranges, manufacturing sites, shipyards, and depots had resulted in widespread contamination of soil, groundwater, and sediment. While Superfund began in 1980 to focus on remediation of heavily contaminated sites largely abandoned or neglected by the private sector, the DoD had already initiated its Installation Restoration Program in the mid-1970s. In 1984, the DoD began the Defense Environmental Restoration Program (DERP) for contaminated site assessment and remediation. Two years later, the U. S. Congress codified the DERP and directed the Secretary of Defense to carry out a concurrent program of research, development, and demonstration of innovative remediation technologies. As chronicled in the 1994 National Research Council report, “Ranking Hazardous-Waste Sites for Remedial Action,” our early estimates on the cost and suitability of existing techn- ogies for cleaning up contaminated sites were wildly optimistic. Original estimates, in 1980, projected an average Superfund cleanup cost of a mere $3.

Download or read book Stable Isotopic and Molecular Biological Tools to Validate Biodegradation of 1 4 dioxane written by Peerapong Pornwongthong and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1,4-Dioxane, a probable human carcinogen, is a heterocyclic ether increasingly found as a contaminant in water supplies. Recent studies have reported that 1,4-dioxane can be biodegraded by a variety of microorganisms, and bioremediation may be an effective strategy for 1,4-dioxane contaminated sites. However, reliable monitoring tools to validate biodegradation of 1,4-dioxane are still lacking. Molecular biological tools and stable isotope-based tools have been previously applied as diagnostic tools for monitored natural attenuation and engineered bioremediation of various organic and inorganic compounds. In this study, molecular biological tools were used for determining bacterial populations, and for associating 1,4-dioxane biodegradation with relative copy numbers of phylogenetic and functional genes. These biomarkers were amplified using primers designed from the genome sequence data of 1,4-dioxane-degrading bacterium Pseudonocardia dioxanivorans CB1190, and were correlated with measured biodegradation rates. The results revealed that abundance of DXMO and 16S rRNA were in agreement with 1,4-dioxane biodegradation rates, and could be used to illustrate the inhibitory effect of co-contaminant transition metals Cu(II), Cd(II), Ni(II), and organic ligands such as tannic acid and L-cysteine. It should be recognized that biomarkers provide an indirect association between genes and enzyme activity. Factors regulating protein synthesis and catalytic activities of enzymes are not captured by nucleic acid-based biomarkers. This complicates the interpretation of biomarkers for predicting biodegradation rates. Compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA) could be used as another diagnostic tool to assess 1,4-dioxane biodegradation. In this study, hydrogen and carbon isotope analyses of 1,4-dioxane were successfully developed to determine isotope signatures of commercial 1,4-dioxane, and applied to determine kinetic isotope fractionation associated with biodegradation in both pure and mixed cultures, as well as abiotic degradation of 1,4-dioxane. During biodegradation, both 2H and 13C were enriched, while abiotic processes could enrich only 2H in residual 1,4-dioxane. This indicated that combined carbon and hydrogen isotope analyses of 1,4-dioxane allow differentiation of biological processes from abiotic mechanisms. Availability of stable isotopic and molecular biological tools will allow environmental engineering professionals to include bioremediation as an effective strategy in the cleanup of specific environmental contaminants.

Download or read book Nonaqeous Phase Liquid Solubilization and Soil Adsorption Behavior of 1 4 Dioxane and Tricloroetheylene Mixtures written by Justin Milavec and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Groundwater contamination often occurs with mixtures of contaminants, and the interactions of contaminants within multicomponent systems can impact the transport behavior of contaminants in the subsurface. Solvent stabilizer 1,4-dioxane, an emerging recalcitrant groundwater contaminant, was commonly mixed into multicomponent nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPL) containing chlorinated solvents such as trichloroethylene (TCE), and the impact of co-disposal on contaminant transport processes remains uncertain. Thus, batch equilibrium experiments were conducted with variations in 1,4-dioxane and TCE compositions to evaluate impacts on NAPL component aqueous dissolution and sorption to solid-aquifer sediments. The solubilzation results indicated significant deviations from log-linear cosolvency model. 1,4-dioxane is miscible with water, but the solubility of TCE increased with increasing amounts of 1,4-dioxane, which suggests that 1,4-dioxane acts as a cosolvent causing solubility enhancement of the co-contaminants. Linear equilibrium sorption partitioning coefficients (K[subscript D]) were also measured with variations in 1,4-dioxane and TCE compositions, and the findings indicate that both contaminants adsorb to aquifer sediments with sorption coefficients that increased with increasing organic matter content. However, the sorption coefficient for TCE decreased with increases in 1,4- dioxane concentration, which was attributed to the cosolvency impacts on TCE solubility. Additionally, the presence of TCE increased the partition coefficient for 1,4-dioxane, suggesting 1,4-dioxane sorption to soil sediments will likely depend on other constituents found in the system. These findings advanced our understanding of the mass-transfer processes controlling groundwater plumes containing 1,4-dioxane within the subsurface, and also have implications for remediation 1,4-dioxane contamination.

Download or read book In Situ Chemical Oxidation for Groundwater Remediation written by Robert L. Siegrist and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-25 with total page 715 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides comprehensive up-to-date descriptions of the principles and practices of in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) for groundwater remediation based on a decade of intensive research, development, and demonstrations, and lessons learned from commercial field applications.

Download or read book Consequences of Microbial Interactions with Hydrocarbons Oils and Lipids Biodegradation and Bioremediation written by Robert J. Steffan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book international experts discuss the state-of-the-art in the biological degradation of hydrocarbons to meet remedial or disposal goals. The work focuses on practical applications, often on globally important scales including the remediation of some of the world’s largest crude oil spills. Other related chapters discuss important implications of microbial transformation of hydrocarbons, including treatment of high fat processing wastes, impacts of microbial biodegradation activity on industrial processes, and the implications of microbial oil degradation in relation to modern oil extraction processes like hydraulic fracturing of shales and extraction of oil sands.

Download or read book Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality written by and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Malathion is a registered insecticide and acaricide used on a wide variety of sites including agricultural and non-agricultural sites. In 2018 (the most recent year for which data are available), over 25 000 kg of malathion was sold in Canada. Malathion may be released into surface water or soil as runoff from the application site. Malathion is not usually found in drinking water sources in Canada. Low levels of malathion have been found in several Canadian provinces. The maximum reported concentrations are well below the MAC. Malathion is rarely detected in foods"--Executive summary.

Download or read book Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment written by Simon Parsons and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2004-03-01 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The suitability of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) for pollutant degradation was recognised in the early 1970s and much research and development work has been undertaken to commercialise some of these processes. AOPs have shown great potential in treating pollutants at both low and high concentrations and have found applications as diverse as ground water treatment, municipal wastewater sludge destruction and VOCs control. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment is an overview of the advanced oxidation processes currently used or proposed for the remediation of water, wastewater, odours and sludge. The book contains two opening chapters which present introductions to advanced oxidation processes and a background to UV photolysis, seven chapters focusing on individual advanced oxidation processes and, finally, three chapters concentrating on selected applications of advanced oxidation processes. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment will be invaluable to readers interested in water and wastewater treatment processes, including professionals and suppliers, as well as students and academics studying in this area. Dr Simon Parsons is a Senior Lecturer in Water Sciences at Cranfield University with ten years' experience of industrial and academic research and development.

Download or read book Organohalide Respiring Bacteria written by Lorenz Adrian and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-03 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes the current state of knowledge concerning bacteria that use halogenated organic compounds as respiratory electron acceptors. The discovery of organohalide-respiring bacteria has expanded the range of electron acceptors used for energy conservation, and serves as a prime example of how scientific discoveries are enabling innovative engineering solutions that have transformed remediation practice. Individual chapters provide in-depth background information on the discovery, isolation, phylogeny, biochemistry, genomic features, and ecology of individual organohalide-respiring genera, including Dehalococcoides, Dehalogenimonas, Dehalobacter, Desulfitobacterium and Sulfurospirillum, as well as organohalide-respiring members of the Deltaproteobacteria. The book introduces readers to the fascinating biology of organohalide-respiring bacteria, offering a valuable resource for students, engineers and practitioners alike.