Download or read book Biochemistry of Halogenated Organic Compounds written by Kenneth L. Kirk and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biochemistry of Halogenated Organic Compounds has been written as a general reference source for researchers in several related areas, including organic chemists, medicinal chemists, pharmacologists, toxicologists, and medical researchers. The development of halogenated compounds as medicinal agents and pharmacological tools and the fascinating biochemi cal processes that have been discovered and studied using these analogues have generated extremely active areas of research and an enormous volume of literature. Thus, halogenated organic compounds pervade every aspect of biochemistry, a fact made apparent by the numerous reviews and monographs available on individual topics-halogenated nucleosides, halogenated carbohydrates, and so forth. Given the quantity of material already written on these topics, some of which material is quite current, it might be asked whether a one-volume review of these subjects is useful, or possible. Having now completed this work, I feel the answer to both questions is an emphatic yes. There are fascinating stories to be related in each area, and, where appropriate, I have attempted to develop these topics . from a historical perspective. For example, the discovery of the anticancer activity of fluorouracil, the unraveling of the several mechanisms of its action, and the development of a host of later generations of anticancer and antiviral agents based on the parent fluoro-, iodo-, bromo-, and trifluoromethylpyrimidines were, and are, contributions of major magnitude to medical science.
Download or read book Dehalogenation written by Max M. Häggblom and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Halogenated organic compounds constitute one of the largest groups of environmental chemicals. The industrial production of new halogenated organic compounds has increased throughout the last century peaking in the 1960s, and continuing in widespread use today. Organohalides are integral to a variety of industrial applications, including use as solvents, degreasing agents, biocides, pharmaceuticals, plasticizers, hydraulic and heat transfer fluids, and intermediates for chemical synthesis, to name a few. It is important to recognize the beneficial aspects of halogenated organic compounds, as well as their potentially deleterious impact on the environment and health. Recognition ofthe adverse environmental effects ofmanytypes oforganohalide compounds has led to efforts to reduce or eliminate the most problematic ones. Although organohalide compounds are typically considered to be anthropogenic industrial compounds, they have their counterpart in several thousands of natural biogenic and geogenic organohalides, representing most classes of organic chemicals. Natural sources account for a significant portion of the global organohalogen budget. This volume authored by recognized experts in the field provides a current perspective on how both natural and synthetic organohalides are formed and degraded, and how these processes are incorporated into a global halogen cycle. The focus is on microbial processes, since these play a major role both in the production and degradation, i. e. , cycling of halogenated organic compounds inthe environment. This book is organized into five parts. Part I, Introduction, provides a global perspective on the issues of organohalides and their fate in the environment.
Download or read book Tables of Spectral Data for Structure Determination of Organic Compounds written by Ernö Pretsch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although numerical data are, in principle, universal, the compilations presented in this book are extensively annotated and interleaved with text. This translation of the second German edition has been prepared to facilitate the use of this work, with all its valuable detail, by the large community of English-speaking scientists. Translation has also provided an opportunity to correct and revise the text, and to update the nomenclature. Fortunately, spectroscopic data and their relationship with structure do not change much with time so one can predict that this book will, for a long period of time, continue to be very useful to organic chemists involved in the identification of organic compounds or the elucidation of their structure. Klaus Biemann Cambridge, MA, April 1983 Preface to the First German Edition Making use of the information provided by various spectroscopic tech niques has become a matter of routine for the analytically oriented organic chemist. Those who have graduated recently received extensive training in these techniques as part of the curriculum while their older colleagues learned to use these methods by necessity. One can, therefore, assume that chemists are well versed in the proper choice of the methods suitable for the solution of a particular problem and to translate the experimental data into structural information.
Download or read book Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds A Comprehensive Update written by Gordon W. Gribble and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-02 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the long association of organohalogen compounds with human activities, nature is the producer of nearly 5,000 halogen-containing chemicals. Once dismissed as accidents of nature or isolation artifacts, organohalogen compounds represent an important and ever growing class of natural products, in many cases exhibiting exceptional biological activity. Since the last comprehensive review in 1996 (Vol. 68, this series), there have been discovered an additional 2,500 organochlorine, organobromine, and other organohalogen compounds. These natural organohalogens are biosynthesized by bacteria, fungi, lichen, plants, marine organisms of all types, insects, and higher animals including humans. These compounds are also formed abiogenically, as in volcanoes, forest fires, and other geothermal events.In some instances, natural organohalogens are precisely the same chemicals that man synthesizes for industrial use, and some of the quantities of these natural chemicals far exceed the quantities emitted by man.
Download or read book Handbook on Biodegradation and Biological Treatment of Hazardous Organic Compounds written by M.H. van Agteren and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-05-31 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The introduction of synthetic organic chemicals into the environment during the last few decades has given rise to major concern about the ecotoxicological effects and ultimate fate of these compounds. The pollutants that are considered to be most hazardous because of their intrinsic toxicity, high exposure level, or recalcitrant behavior in the environment have been placed on blacklists and other policy priority lists. The fate of synthetic compounds that enter the environment is mainly determined by their rate of biodegradation, which therefore also has a major effect on the degree of bioaccumulation and the risk of ecotoxicological effects. The degree and rate of biodegradation is also of critical importance for the feasibility of biological techniques to clean up contaminated sites and waste streams. The biodegradation of xenobiotics has thus been the subject of numerous studies, which resulted in thousands of publications in scientific journals, books, and conference proceedings. These studies led to a deeper understanding of the diversity of biodegradation processes. As a result, it has become possible to enhance the rate of degradation of recalcitrant pollutants during biological treatment and to design completely new treatment processes. At present, much work is being done to expand the range of pollutants to which biodegradation can be applied, and to make treatment techniques less expensive and better applicable for waste streams which are difficult to handle.
Download or read book General Organic and Biological Chemistry written by Dorothy M. Feigl and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Halogen Bonding in Solution written by Stefan Huber and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-04-19 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Long-awaited on the importance of halogen bonding in solution, demonstrating the specific advantages in various fields - from synthesis and catalysis to biochemistry and electrochemistry! Halogen bonding (XB) describes the interaction between an electron donor and the electrophilic region of a halogen atom. Its applicability for molecular recognition processes long remained unappreciated and has mostly been studied in solid state until recently. As most physiological processes and chemical reactions take place in solution, investigations in solutions are of highest relevance for its use in organic synthesis and catalysis, pharmaceutical chemistry and drug design, electrochemistry, as well as material synthesis. Halogen Bonding in Solution gives a concise overview of halogen bond interactions in solution. It discusses the history and electronic origin of halogen bonding and summarizes all relevant examples of its application in organocatalysis. It describes the use of molecular iodine in catalysis and industrial applications, as well as recent developments in anion transport and binding. Hot topic: Halogen bonding is an important interaction between molecules or within a molecule. The field has developed considerably in recent years, with numerous different approaches and applications having been published. Unique: There are several books on halogen bonding in solid state available, but this will be the first one focused on halogen bonding in solution. Multi-disciplinary: Summarizes the history and nature of halogen bonding in solution as well as applications in catalysis, anion recognition, biochemistry, and electrochemistry. Aimed at facilitating exciting future developments in the field, Halogen Bonding in Solution is a valuable source of information for researchers and professionals working in the field of supramolecular chemistry, catalysis, biochemistry, drug design, and electrochemistry.
Download or read book Organic Chemistry I For Dummies written by Arthur Winter and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-05-13 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic Chemistry I For Dummies, 2nd Edition (9781119293378) was previously published as Organic Chemistry I For Dummies, 2nd Edition (9781118828076). While this version features a new Dummies cover and design, the content is the same as the prior release and should not be considered a new or updated product. The easy way to take the confusion out of organic chemistry Organic chemistry has a long-standing reputation as a difficult course. Organic Chemistry I For Dummies takes a simple approach to the topic, allowing you to grasp concepts at your own pace. This fun, easy-to-understand guide explains the basic principles of organic chemistry in simple terms, providing insight into the language of organic chemists, the major classes of compounds, and top trouble spots. You'll also get the nuts and bolts of tackling organic chemistry problems, from knowing where to start to spotting sneaky tricks that professors like to incorporate. Refreshed example equations New explanations and practical examples that reflect today's teaching methods Fully worked-out organic chemistry problems Baffled by benzines? Confused by carboxylic acids? Here's the help you need—in plain English!
Download or read book Taste Chemistry written by R.S. Shallenberger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The object ofthis text is to examine, and elaborate on the meaning of the established premise that 'taste is a chemical sense.' In particular, the major effort is directed toward the degree to which chemical principles apply to phenomena associated with the inductive (recognition) phase of taste. A second objective is to describe the structure and properties of compounds with varying taste that allow decisions to be made with respect to the probable nature of the recognition chemistry for the different tastes, and the probable nature of the receptor(s) for those tastes. A final objective is to include appropriate interdisciplinary observations that have application to solving problems related to the chemical nature of taste. Taste is the most easily accessible chemical structure-biological activity relationship, and taste chemistry studies, i.e. the chemistry of sweetness, saltiness, sourness, and bitterness, have application to general biology, physiology, and pharmacology. Because it involves sensory perception, taste is also of interest to psychologists, and has application to the food and agricultural industries. The largest portion of the text is directed toward sweetness as, due to economic and other factors, the majority of the scientific studies are concerned with sweetness. The text begins with a prologue to describe the problems associated with the study of taste chemistry. Then, there is an introductory chapter to serve as an overview of the general interdisciplinary knowledge of the subject. It is followed by a chapter on the fundamental chemical principles that apply to taste induction chemistry.
Download or read book Chemistry written by Bruce Averill and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 1233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emphasises on contemporary applications and an intuitive problem-solving approach that helps students discover the exciting potential of chemical science. This book incorporates fresh applications from the three major areas of modern research: materials, environmental chemistry, and biological science.
Download or read book Handbook of Bond Dissociation Energies in Organic Compounds written by Yu-Ran Luo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-12-26 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: So many compounds, so many experiments reported by so many researchers using so many methods Finding reliable data on bond dissociation energies (BDEs) can be like looking for a needle in a haystack. But these data are crucial to work in chemical kinetics, free radical chemistry, organic thermochemistry, and physical organic chemistry-so where does
Download or read book March s Advanced Organic Chemistry written by Michael B. Smith and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-01-29 with total page 2379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Sixth Edition of a classic in organic chemistry continues its tradition of excellence Now in its sixth edition, March's Advanced Organic Chemistry remains the gold standard in organic chemistry. Throughout its six editions, students and chemists from around the world have relied on it as an essential resource for planning and executing synthetic reactions. The Sixth Edition brings the text completely current with the most recent organic reactions. In addition, the references have been updated to enable readers to find the latest primary and review literature with ease. New features include: More than 25,000 references to the literature to facilitate further research Revised mechanisms, where required, that explain concepts in clear modern terms Revisions and updates to each chapter to bring them all fully up to date with the latest reactions and discoveries A revised Appendix B to facilitate correlating chapter sections with synthetic transformations
Download or read book An Introduction to Interdisciplinary Toxicology written by Carey N. Pope and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-02-21 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Introduction to Interdisciplinary Toxicology: From Molecules to Man integrates the various aspects of toxicology, from "simple” molecular systems, to complex human communities, with expertise from a spectrum of interacting disciplines. Chapters are written by specialists within a given subject, such as a chemical engineer, nutritional scientist, or a microbiologist, so subjects are clearly explained and discussed within the toxicology context. Many chapters are comparative across species so that students in ecotoxicology learn mammalian toxicology and vice versa. Specific citations, further reading, study questions, and other learning features are also included. The book allows students to concurrently learn concepts in both biomedical and environmental toxicology fields, thus better equipping them for the many career opportunities toxicology provides. This book will also be useful to those wishing to reference how disciplines interact within the broad field of toxicology.
Download or read book Approaches in Bioremediation written by Ram Prasad and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-08 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioremediation refers to the clean‐up of pollution in soil, groundwater, surface water, and air using typically microbiological processes. It uses naturally occurring bacteria and fungi or plants to degrade, transform or detoxify hazardous substances to human health or the environment. For bioremediation to be effective, microorganisms must enzymatically attack the pollutants and convert them to harmless products. As bioremediation can be effective only where environmental conditions permit microbial growth and action, its application often involves the management of ecological factors to allow microbial growth and degradation to continue at a faster rate. Like other technologies, bioremediation has its limitations. Some contaminants, such as chlorinated organic or high aromatic hydrocarbons, are resistant to microbial attack. They are degraded either gradually or not at all, hence, it is not easy to envisage the rates of clean-up for bioremediation implementation. Bioremediation represents a field of great expansion due to the important development of new technologies. Among them, several decades on metagenomics expansion has led to the detection of autochthonous microbiota that plays a key role during transformation. Transcriptomic guides us to know the expression of key genes and proteomics allow the characterization of proteins that conduct specific reactions. In this book we show specific technologies applied in bioremediation of main interest for research in the field, with special attention on fungi, which have been poorly studied microorganisms. Finally, new approaches in the field, such as CRISPR-CAS9, are also discussed. Lastly, it introduces management strategies, such as bioremediation application for managing affected environment and bioremediation approaches. Examples of successful bioremediation applications are illustrated in radionuclide entrapment and retardation, soil stabilization and remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, plastics or fluorinated compounds. Other emerging bioremediation methods include electro bioremediation, microbe-availed phytoremediation, genetic recombinant technologies in enhancing plants in accumulation of inorganic metals, and metalloids as well as degradation of organic pollutants, protein-metabolic engineering to increase bioremediation efficiency, including nanotechnology applications are also discussed.
Download or read book Electron Transfer Reactions in Organic Chemistry written by Lennart Eberson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The subject of the book is electron transfer reactions in organic chemistry, with the emphasis on mechanistic aspects. The theoretical framework is that of the Marcus theory, well-known from its extensive use in inorganic chemistry. The book deals with definitions of electron transfer, theory of electron transfer reactions (Marcus' and Pross-Shaik's approach) experimental diagnosis of electron transfer reactions, examples from inorganic/organic reactants and purely organic reactants, electro- and photochemical electron transfer, electron transfer catalyzed reactions, connections between electron transfer and polar mechanisms, and applications of electron transfer, such as electrosynthesis of organic chemicals, photochemical energy storage, conducting organic materials and chemiluminescence. The approach is new in so far as no comparable book has been published. The book will be of value to anyone interested in keeping track of developments in physical organic chemistry.
Download or read book Advanced Organic Chemistry written by Francis A. Carey and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-06-27 with total page 1216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two-part, fifth edition of Advanced Organic Chemistry has been substantially revised and reorganized for greater clarity. The material has been updated to reflect advances in the field since the previous edition, especially in computational chemistry. Part A covers fundamental structural topics and basic mechanistic types. It can stand-alone; together, with Part B: Reaction and Synthesis, the two volumes provide a comprehensive foundation for the study in organic chemistry. Companion websites provide digital models for study of structure, reaction and selectivity for students and exercise solutions for instructors.
Download or read book Anthropogenic Compounds written by and published by Springer. This book was released on 1980 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
