Download or read book Bio energy Feedstock Yields and Their Water Quality Benefits in Mississippi written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cellulosic and agricultural bio-energy crops can, under careful management, be harvested as feedstock for bio-fuels production and provide environmental benefits. However, it is required to quantify their relative advantages in feedstock production and water quality. The primary objective of this research was to evaluate potential feedstock yield and water quality benefit scenarios of bioenergy crops: Miscanthus (Miscanthus-giganteus), Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), Soybean {Glycine max (L.) Merr.}, and Corn (Lea mays) in the Upper Pearl River watershed (UPRW), Mississippi using a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The SWAT model was calibrated (January 1981 to December 1994) and validated (January 1995 to September 2008) using monthly measured stream flow data. The calibrated and validated model determined good to very good performance for stream flow prediction (R2 and E from 0.60 to 0.86). The RMSE values (from 14 m3 s-1 to 37 m3 s-1) were estimated at similar levels of errors during model calibration and validation. The long-term average annual potential feedstock yield as an alternative energy source was determined the greatest when growing Miscanthus grass (373,849 Mg) as followed by Alfalfa (206,077 Mg), Switchgrass (132,077 Mg), Johnsongrass (47,576 Mg), Soybean (37,814 Mg), and Corn (22,069 Mg) in the pastureland and cropland of the watershed. Model results determined that average annual sediment yield from the Miscanthus grass scenario determined the least (1.16 Mg/ha) and corn scenario the greatest (12.04 Mg/ha). The SWAT model simulated results suggested that growing Miscanthus grass in the UPRW would have the greatest potential feedstock yield and water quality benefits.

Download or read book Bioenergy Crop Production s Impact on Water Quality in the Mississippi River Basin Using the Benefit Transfer Approach written by William Tillman White and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biofuel production-driven land-use change in agricultural land can have impacts on ecosystem services. Since there is no planned mandate after the Renewable Fuel Standard, there are questions about what implications will future land-use changes have on water quality and how do water quality changes, resulting from potential bioenergy scenarios, affect changes in people's well-being? To answer these questions, I will estimate the value of the predicted changes in water quality under biofuel policy scenarios in counties inside the Mississippi River Basin. From this study, I found that as the percent of land-use changes increase across each county, water quality decreased. I also found that for every unit increase for the change in water quality index, the percentage of individuals' willingness to pay for a change in water quality would increase. The predicted willingness to pay for a change in water quality for a given household varied from -$72 to $143.

Download or read book Evaluation of Field scale Soil Organic Carbon and Watershed scale Bioenergy Crop Production in Mississippi written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To date only a limited number of studies have been done at the field level to observe the effects of agricultural management practices on carbon sequestration, water quality, and bioenergy crop yield in Mississippi. Therefore, the goals of this study were to monitor soil organic carbon (SOC) levels at the field scale and perform a comprehensive analysis of the potential environmental impacts at the watershed scale using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in two watersheds located in Mississippi. It was found that SOC levels generally are affected by depth, land use, and time. The SWAT models showed good performance overall and predicted that perennial grass production in the Town Creek watershed would render the most feedstock with the least environmental impact. The results of this study were consistent with the available literature, but a longer study period is recommended.

Download or read book Comprehensive Energy Systems written by Ibrahim Dincer and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-02-07 with total page 5543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Energy Systems, Seven Volume Set provides a unified source of information covering the entire spectrum of energy, one of the most significant issues humanity has to face. This comprehensive book describes traditional and novel energy systems, from single generation to multi-generation, also covering theory and applications. In addition, it also presents high-level coverage on energy policies, strategies, environmental impacts and sustainable development. No other published work covers such breadth of topics in similar depth. High-level sections include Energy Fundamentals, Energy Materials, Energy Production, Energy Conversion, and Energy Management. Offers the most comprehensive resource available on the topic of energy systems Presents an authoritative resource authored and edited by leading experts in the field Consolidates information currently scattered in publications from different research fields (engineering as well as physics, chemistry, environmental sciences and economics), thus ensuring a common standard and language

Download or read book Biomass as Feedstock for a Bioenergy and Bioproducts Industry written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) are both strongly committed to expanding the role of biomass as an energy source. In particular, they support biomass fuels and products as a way to reduce the need for oil and gas imports; to support the growth of agriculture, forestry, and rural economies; and to foster major new domestic industries-- biorefineries--making a variety of fuels, chemicals, and other products. As part of this effort, the Biomass R AND D Technical Advisory Committee, a panel established by the Congress to guide the future direction of federally funded biomass R AND D, envisioned a 30 percent replacement of the current U.S. petroleum consumption with biofuels by 2030. Biomass--all plant and plant-derived materials including animal manure, not just starch, sugar, oil crops already used for food and energy--has great potential to provide renewable energy for America s future. Biomass recently surpassed hydropower as the largest domestic source of renewable energy and currently provides over 3 percent of the total energy consumption in the United States. In addition to the many benefits common to renewable energy, biomass is particularly attractive because it is the only current renewable source of liquid transportation fuel. This, of course, makes it invaluable in reducing oil imports--one of our most pressing energy needs. A key question, however, is how large a role could biomass play in responding to the nation's energy demands. Assuming that economic and financial policies and advances in conversion technologies make biomass fuels and products more economically viable, could the biorefinery industry be large enough to have a significant impact on energy supply and oil imports? Any and all contributions are certainly needed, but would the biomass potential be sufficiently large to justify the necessary capital replacements in the fuels and automobile sectors?

Download or read book Agronomic Suitability of Bioenergy Crops in Mississippi written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Mississippi, some questions need to be answered about bioenergy crops: how much suitable land is available? How much material can that land produce? Which production systems work best in which scenarios? What levels of inputs will be required for productivity and longterm sustainability? How will the crops reach the market? What kinds of infrastructure will be necessary to make that happen? This publication helps answer these questions: Ã3Â3Ã2Â3Ã3Â2Ã2Â3Ã3Â3Ã2Â2Ã3Â2Ã2Â3Ã3Â3Ã2Â3Ã3Â2Ã2Â2Ã3Â3Ã2Â2Ã3Â2Ã2ÂØÃ3Â3Ã2Â3Ã3Â2Ã2Â3Ã3Â3Ã2Â2Ã3Â2Ã2Â2Ã3Â3Ã2Â3Ã3Â2Ã2Â2Ã3Â3Ã2Â2Ã3Â2Ã2Â0Ã3Â3Ã2Â3Ã3Â2Ã2Â3Ã3Â3Ã2Â2Ã3Â2Ã2Â2Ã3Â3Ã2Â3Ã3Â2Ã2Â2Ã3Â3Ã2Â2Ã3Â2Ã2ÂØ Which areas in the state are best for bioenergy crop production? Ã3Â3Ã2Â3Ã3Â2Ã2Â3Ã3Â3Ã2Â2Ã3Â2Ã2Â3Ã3Â3Ã2Â3Ã3Â2Ã2Â2Ã3Â3Ã2Â2Ã3Â2Ã2ÂØÃ3Â3Ã2Â3Ã3Â2Ã2Â3Ã3Â3Ã2Â2Ã3Â2Ã2Â2Ã3Â3Ã2Â3Ã3Â2Ã2Â2Ã3Â3Ã2Â2Ã3Â2Ã2Â0Ã3Â3Ã2Â3Ã3Â2Ã2Â3Ã3Â3Ã2Â2Ã3Â2Ã2Â2Ã3Â3Ã2Â3Ã3Â2Ã2Â2Ã3Â3Ã2Â2Ã3Â2Ã2ÂØ How much could these areas produce sustainably? Ã3Â3Ã2Â3Ã3Â2Ã2Â3Ã3Â3Ã2Â2Ã3Â2Ã2Â3Ã3Â3Ã2Â3Ã3Â2Ã2Â2Ã3Â3Ã2Â2Ã3Â2Ã2ÂØÃ3Â3Ã2Â3Ã3Â2Ã2Â3Ã3Â3Ã2Â2Ã3Â2Ã2Â2Ã3Â3Ã2Â3Ã3Â2Ã2Â2Ã3Â3Ã2Â2Ã3Â2Ã2Â0Ã3Â3Ã2Â3Ã3Â2Ã2Â3Ã3Â3Ã2Â2Ã3Â2Ã2Â2Ã3Â3Ã2Â3Ã3Â2Ã2Â2Ã3Â3Ã2Â2Ã3Â2Ã2ÂØ How can bioenergy crops impact carbon sequestration and carbon credits? Ã3Â3Ã2Â3Ã3Â2Ã2Â3Ã3Â3Ã2Â2Ã3Â2Ã2Â3Ã3Â3Ã2Â3Ã3Â2Ã2Â2Ã3Â3Ã2Â2Ã3Â2Ã2ÂØÃ3Â3Ã2Â3Ã3Â2Ã2Â3Ã3Â3Ã2Â2Ã3Â2Ã2Â2Ã3Â3Ã2Â3Ã3Â2Ã2Â2Ã3Â3Ã2Â2Ã3Â2Ã2Â0Ã3Â3Ã2Â3Ã3Â2Ã2Â3Ã3Â3Ã2Â2Ã3Â2Ã2Â2Ã3Â3Ã2Â3Ã3Â2Ã2Â2Ã3Â3Ã2Â2Ã3Â2Ã2ÂØ How will these crops affect fertilizer use and water quality? Ã3Â3Ã2Â3Ã3Â2Ã2Â3Ã3Â3Ã2Â2Ã3Â2Ã2Â3Ã3Â3Ã2Â3Ã3Â2Ã2Â2Ã3Â3Ã2Â2Ã3Â2Ã2ÂØÃ3Â3Ã2Â3Ã3Â2Ã2Â3Ã3Â3Ã2Â2Ã3Â2Ã2Â2Ã3Â3Ã2Â3Ã3Â2Ã2Â2Ã3Â3Ã2Â2Ã3Â2Ã2Â0Ã3Â3Ã2Â3Ã3Â2Ã2Â3Ã3Â3Ã2Â2Ã3Â2Ã2Â2Ã3Â3Ã2Â3Ã3Â2Ã2Â2Ã3Â3Ã2Â2Ã3Â2Ã2ÂØ What kind of water management is needed to maintain a productive crop? The answers to these questions will help supporting institutions across the state to improve land assessment and agronomic management practices for biomass production. In the last decade, energy supply has become a worldwide problem. Bioenergy crops could supply energy in the future. Bioenergy crops are plants, usually perennial grasses and trees, that produce a lot of biomass that can be converted into energy. Bioenergy crops can be grown for two energy markets: power generation, such as heat and electricity, or liquid fuel, such as cellulosic ethanol. These resources could reduce petroleum dependency and greenhouse gas production. Woody plants and herbaceous warm-season grasses, such as switchgrass, giant miscanthus, energy cane, and high yielding sorghums, could be major sources of biomass in Mississippi.

Download or read book Bio energy Alliance High Tonnage Bio energy Crop Production and Conversion Into Conventional Fuels written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maintaining a predictable and sustainable supply of feedstock for bioenergy conversion is a major goal to facilitate the efficient transition to cellulosic biofuels. Our work provides insight into the complex interactions among agronomic, edaphic, and climatic factors that affect the sustainability of bioenergy crop yields. Our results provide science-based agronomic response measures that document how to better manage bioenergy sorghum production from planting to harvest. We show that harvest aids provide no significant benefit as a means to decrease harvest moisture or improve bioenergy yields. Our efforts to identify optimal seeding rates under varied edaphic and climatological conditions reinforce previous findings that sorghum is a resilient plant that can efficiently adapt to changing population pressures by decreasing or increasing the numbers of additional shoots or tillers - where optimal seeding rates for high biomass photoperiod sensitive sorghum is 60,000 to 70,000 seeds per acre and 100,000 to 120,000 seeds per acre for sweet varieties. Our varietal adaptability trials revealed that high biomass photoperiod sensitive energy sorghum consistently outperforms conventional photoperiod insensitive sweet sorghum and high biomass forage sorghum as the preferred bioenergy sorghum type, with combined theoretical yields of both cellulosic and fermentable water-soluble sugars producing an average yield of 1,035 gallons of EtOH per acre. Our nitrogen trials reveal that sweet sorghums produce ample amounts of water-soluble sugars with minimal increases in nitrogen inputs, and that excess nitrogen can affect minor increases in biomass yields and cellulosic sugars but decrease bioenergy quality by decreasing water-soluble sugar concentrations and increasing ash content, specifically when plant tissue nitrogen concentrations exceed 0.6 %, dry weight basis. Finally, through our growth and re-growth trials, we show that single-cut high biomass sorghum bioenergy yields significantly exceed those of multiple-cut high biomass sorghum systems. Our agronomic yield and quality data will be uploaded to the Bioenergy KDF Website before the end of February 2013, with a date for public access to be determined pending peer-reviewed publication of our findings.

Download or read book Opportunities Issues and Economic Potential of Wood based Bioenergy in Mississippi written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the southeastern United States, including the state of Mississippi, has a strong natural resource base, woody biomass is not fully utilized to produce bioenergy in this region. This study intended to explore opportunities, issues, and the economic potential of wood-based bioenergy in the state of Mississippi. Realizing the importance of private forest landowner decisions in sustaining a bioenergy feedstock supply, one aim of this study was to understand their choices for preferred harvesting methods of supplying woody biomass for wood-based bioenergy industries. Study results indicated that landowners were interested in optimizing revenue from woody biomass utilization while minimizing damage to the surrounding environment and facilitating less site preparation. Similarly, by administering a survey instrument, total and unused volumes of residues in primary and secondary mill operations were also estimated. Availability of woody residue was higher in the primary wood processing industry. Similarly, the likelihood of getting feedstock would be higher if a wood-based bioenergy generating facility could be located near a larger, year round operational forest product industry. This study further accounted for the potential direct, indirect, and induced economic impacts of a state wood-based bioenergy industry. Three potential wood-based bioenergy industries namely wood-pellet, bio-oil and methanol-based gasoline facilities were considered for an economic analysis. Study results revealed that operation of a wood-pellet industry would contribute 82 full- and part-time jobs to the economy with 12 million dollars worth of economic output to the Mississippi economy. Likewise, the operation of a bio-oil industry would generate 165 new full- and part-time jobs and provide an economic output of 17 million dollars. Also, 96 million dollars in economic output and 795 full- and part-time more jobs would be added by establishing a methanol-based gasoline industry. Clearly, these impacts are substantial and are likely to draw the attention of policy makers and investors towards wood-based bioenergy in Mississippi.

Download or read book Sustainable Development of Algal Biofuels in the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-01-18 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biofuels made from algae are gaining attention as a domestic source of renewable fuel. However, with current technologies, scaling up production of algal biofuels to meet even 5 percent of U.S. transportation fuel needs could create unsustainable demands for energy, water, and nutrient resources. Continued research and development could yield innovations to address these challenges, but determining if algal biofuel is a viable fuel alternative will involve comparing the environmental, economic and social impacts of algal biofuel production and use to those associated with petroleum-based fuels and other fuel sources. Sustainable Development of Algal Biofuels was produced at the request of the U.S. Department of Energy.

Download or read book Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution written by William F. Ritter and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-12-15 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If you work in the water quality management field, you know the challenges of monitoring and controlling pollutants in our water supply. The increasing problem of agricultural nonpoint source pollution requires complex solutions. Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution: Watershed Management and Hydrology covers the latest techniques and methods of managing large watershed areas, with an emphasis on controlling non-point source pollution, especially from agricultural run-off. Written by leading experts, the book includes topics such as: nitrate and phosphorus pollution, pesticide contamination, erosion and sedimentation, water-table management, and watershed management. The authors discuss the effects of agricultural run-off - one of the most intransigent problems now faced by environmental engineers and hydrologists. They explore each issue with an eye towards the integrated management of water quality and water resources over a defined area or region. This single-source reference gives you a complete understanding of the whats, whys, and hows of nonpoint source pollution - and more importantly of how to monitor and manage it. Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution: Watershed Management and Hydrology provides a broad but detailed overview that helps you to comprehend the intricacies of the problem and puts you on the path to finding the answers.

Download or read book Spatial Optimization for Managed Ecosystems written by John G. Hof and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecological Scale provides invaluable perspectives on the application of the concepts of measurement, analysis, and inference in both theoretical and applied ecology, ultimately providing a broad-based understanding for resource managers and other ecological professionals.

Download or read book Biofuel Crop Sustainability written by Bharat Singh and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-09 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biofuel Crop Sustainability brings together the basic principles of agricultural sustainability and special stipulations for biofuels, from the economic and ecological opportunities and challenges of sustainable biofuel crop production to the unique characteristics of particular crops which make them ideal for biofuel applications. This book will be a valuable resource for researchers and professionals involved in biofuels development and production as well as agriculture industry personnel. Chapters focus the broad principles of resource management for ecological, environmental and societal welfare, the sustainability issues pertaining to several broad categories of biofuel crops , as well as the economics and profitability of biofuels on both a local and international scale. Coverage includes topics such as utilizing waste water for field crop irrigation and algae production, reliability of feedstock supply, marginal lands, and identifying crops with traits of significance for survival and growth on low fertility soils. The development of production practices with low external inputs of fertilizer, irrigation, and pesticides is also covered. Biofuel Crop Sustainability will be a valuable, up-to-date reference for all those involved in the rapidly expanding biofuels industry and sustainable agriculture research fields.

Download or read book Handbook of Bioenergy Crops written by N. El Bassam and published by Earthscan. This book was released on 2010 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This completely revised second edition includes new information on biomass in relation to climate change, new coverage of vital issues including the "food versus fuel" debate, and essential new information on "second generation" fuels and advances in conversion techniques. The book begins with a guide to biomass accumulation, harvesting, transportation and storage, as well as conversion technologies for biofuels. This is followed by an examination of the environmental impact and economic and social dimensions, including prospects for renewable energy. The book then goes on to cover all the main potential energy crops.

Download or read book Renewable Fuel Standard written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-01-29 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, we have come to depend on plentiful and inexpensive energy to support our economy and lifestyles. In recent years, many questions have been raised regarding the sustainability of our current pattern of high consumption of nonrenewable energy and its environmental consequences. Further, because the United States imports about 55 percent of the nation's consumption of crude oil, there are additional concerns about the security of supply. Hence, efforts are being made to find alternatives to our current pathway, including greater energy efficiency and use of energy sources that could lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions such as nuclear and renewable sources, including solar, wind, geothermal, and biofuels. The United States has a long history with biofuels and the nation is on a course charted to achieve a substantial increase in biofuels. Renewable Fuel Standard evaluates the economic and environmental consequences of increasing biofuels production as a result of Renewable Fuels Standard, as amended by EISA (RFS2). The report describes biofuels produced in 2010 and those projected to be produced and consumed by 2022, reviews model projections and other estimates of the relative impact on the prices of land, and discusses the potential environmental harm and benefits of biofuels production and the barriers to achieving the RFS2 consumption mandate. Policy makers, investors, leaders in the transportation sector, and others with concerns for the environment, economy, and energy security can rely on the recommendations provided in this report.

Download or read book Bioenergy from Sustainable Forestry written by J. Richardson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-30 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioenergy from Sustainable Forestry synthesizes information needed to design or implement sustainable forest management systems for production of biomass for energy in conjunction with other forest products. It is organized around the criteria for sustainable forest management: productivity, environment, social issues, economics, and legal and institutional framework. More than 25 international experts from 10 countries have brought together available ecological, physical, operational, social and economic information and identified gaps in knowledge related to biomass production and harvesting systems. This is the first time that such comprehensive information has been brought together under one cover, using an integrated, holistic approach. Guiding principles and state of the art knowledge are emphasized. The book will enable forest resource managers and planners to evaluate the ability of specific forest regions to sustainably meet bioenergy production demands.

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 970 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biochar for Environmental Management written by Dr. Johannes Lehmann and published by Earthscan. This book was released on 2009 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Biochar is the carbon-rich product when biomass (such as wood, manure, or crop residues) is heated in a closed container with little or no available air. It can be used to improve agriculture and the environment in several ways, and its stability in soil and superior nutrient-retention properties make it an ideal soil amendment to increase crop yields. In addition to this, biochar sequestration, in combination with sustainable biomass production, can be carbon-negative and therefore used to actively remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, with major implications for mitigation of climate change. Biochar production can also be combined with bioenergy production through the use of the gases that are given off in the pyrolysis process.This book is the first to synthesize the expanding research literature on this topic. The book's interdisciplinary approach, which covers engineering, environmental sciences, agricultural sciences, economics and policy, is a vital tool at this stage of biochar technology development. This comprehensive overview of current knowledge will be of interest to advanced students, researchers and professionals in a wide range of disciplines"--Provided by publisher.