Download or read book The Places Where Men Pray Together written by Paul Wheatley and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What makes a city an economic, political, and cultural center? In The Places Where Men Pray Together, Paul Wheatley draws on two decades of astonishingly wide-ranging research to demonstrate that Islamic cities are defined by function rather than form—by what they do rather than what they are. Focusing on the roles of cities during the first four centuries of Islamic expansion, Wheatley explores interconnected cultural, historical, economic, political, and religious factors to provide the clearest and most extensively documented portrait of early Islamic urban centers available to date. Building on the tenth-century geographer al-Maqdisi's writings on urban centers of the Islamic world, buttressed by extensive comparative material from roadbooks, topographies, histories, adab literatures, and gazetteers of the time, Wheatley identifies the main functions of different Islamic urban centers. Chapters on each of the thirteen centers that al-Maqdisi identified, ranging from the Atlantic to the Indus and from the Caspian to the Sudan, form the heart of this book. In each case Wheatley shows how specific agglomeration and accessibility factors combined to make every city functionally distinct as a creator of effective space. He also demonstrates that, far from revolutionizing every aspect of life in these cities, the adoption of Islam often affected the development of these cities less than previously existing local traditions. The Places Where Men Pray Together is a monumental work that will speak to scholars and readers across a broad variety of disciplines, from historians, anthropologists, and sociologists to religious historians, archaeologists, and geographers.
Download or read book Islamic Land Tax Al Kharaj written by Ghaida Khazna Katbi and published by I.B. Tauris. This book was released on 2010-04-30 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this exhaustive survey of the institution of al-Kharaj - land tax in Islam - Ghaida Khazna Katbi provides a comprehensive and minutely detailed history of a practice which evolved from an exigency of conquest into an essential pillar of the early Islamic state. At the time of the Muslim conquests, al-Kharaj constituted a tax on lands owned by non-Muslims. It gradually developed into an instrument of state under 'Umar bin al-Khattab and reached its most refined and complex form under the Abbasids.Katbi provides a thoroughly documented statistical analysis of the historical materials for each region of the early Islamic world, in the process examining the Byzantine and Sasanian models which the Arab administrators consulted and in some instances adopted. She reveals unprecedented source material including never-before published correspondence from Umayyad functionaries as well as other documents from the Caliphate, Umayyad and Abbasid periods.
Download or read book An English Persian Dictionary written by Arthur Naylor Wollaston and published by . This book was released on 1882 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic written by Hans Wehr and published by Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. This book was released on 1979 with total page 1326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "An enlarged and improved version of "Arabisches Wèorterbuch fèur die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart" by Hans Wehr and includes the contents of the "Supplement zum Arabischen Wèorterbuch fèur die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart" and a collection of new additional material (about 13.000 entries) by the same author."
Download or read book Companion Encyclopedia of Middle Eastern and North African Film written by Oliver Leaman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003-12-16 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique volume illuminates a fascinating area of cinema. Each chapter covers the history and major issues of film within that area, as well as providing bibliographies of the leading films, directors and actors.
Download or read book A Dictionary Hindust n and English written by William Yates and published by . This book was released on 1847 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The History of al abar Vol 4 written by Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn Jarīr al-Ṭabarī and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 1987-01-01 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this volume Ṭabarī takes up the history of the ancient world, focusing on the Iranians and the Israelites after the time of Solomon. He establishes a comparative chronology between the two nations; viewing Bahman, the Persian king, as the son of Esther, and his daughter, Khumani, the mother of Darius. Ṭabarī's synchronization also leads him into a discussion of North and South Arabia, in which stories about King Jadhimah, Queen Zabba, and the tribes of Ṭabarī and Jadis appear. Falling outside the general scheme of the volume, are other details. These are concentrated in five chapters on the biblical stories of Samson and Delilah, and on Jonah, commentary on a Quranic passage concerning three divine envoys, and on two stories of Christian antiquity, the Seven Sleepers and the martyr Jirjis. Ṭabarī presents a mass of Iranian, Jewish, Christian, and Arabian lore in order to create a unified view of the material. His treatment of the mythical Iranian kings, as they battle Turanians and other foes, extends beyond the time of Alexander and his successors to the era of the Gospels, John the Baptist, and Jesus. Tales of the Israelites include the story of Asa and Zerah the Indian, remarkable for its development of the Biblical nucleus and variants of the history of the destruction of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar.
Download or read book The History of al abar Vol 26 written by Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn Jarīr al-Ṭabarī and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The years 738-745/121-127, which this volume covers, saw the outbreak in Syria of savage internecine struggles between prominent members of the Umayyad family, which had ruled the Islamic world since 661/41. After the death of the caliph Hishām in 743-/125, the process of decay at the center of the Umayyad power--the ruling family itself--was swift and devastating. Three Umayyad caliphs (al-Walīd II, Yazīd III, and Ibrahim) followed Hishām within little more than a year, and the subsequent intervention of their distant cousin Marwān b. Muhammad (the future Marwān II) could not arrest the forces of opposition that were shortly to culminate in the ʿAbbāsid Revolution of 750/132. In this volume al-Ṭabarī deals extensively with the end of Hishām's reign, providing a rich store of anecdotes on this most able of Umayyad caliphs. He also covers in depth the notorious lifestyle of al-Walīd II, the libertine prince and poet, whose career has attracted much scholarly attention in recent years. Moreover, al-Ṭabarī chronicles at great length the events of the rebellion and death of the Shi'ite pretender, Zayd ibn ʿAlī, at al-Kūfah, as well as recording in detail the activities farther to the east, where Naṣr ibn Sayyār was serving as the last Umayyad governor of Transoxiana and Khurasan, the very area from which the ʿAbbāsid Revolution was to spring. The text also contains several official letters which shed much light on Umayyad propaganda and on early Islamic epistolary style. The hindsight conferred by subsequent centuries highlights the full significance of these half-dozen years or so. Al-Ṭabarī documents the incubation of the ʿAbbāsid Revolution, an event of great importance in world history, and traces the failure of the principal Shi'ite revolt of the eighth century, a debacle which was also to have serious repercussions, for it generated the foundation of Zaydi principalities in Iran and the Yemen. Yet even these major themes are secondary to the epic tale that al-Ṭabarī unfolds of the tragic downfall of the first dynasty in Islam.
Download or read book Cama Oriental Institute Papers written by Sir Jivanji Jamshedji Modi and published by . This book was released on 1928 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book This Decisive Hour written by Shoghi Effendi and published by Baha'i Publications Australia. This book was released on 2021-02-24 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Decisive Hour is a collection of letters and cablegrams from Shoghi Effendi to the North American Bahá'í community sent between 1932 and 1946. It was originally published under the title Messages to America. As with Citadel of Faith the collection gives insight into the crises and victories faced by the American believers in the period covered by the letters, through the lens of guidance provided by the Guardian, and its value lies not only in the glimpse it gives into history but in the perspective it provides on the present, and the applicability of the principles identified to the issues of the current time.
Download or read book The Memoirs of a Syrian Prince written by Abū al-Fidāʼ Ismāʻīl ibn ʻAlī and published by Franz Steiner Verlag Wiesbaden GmbH. This book was released on 1983 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The History of al Tabari Vol 15 written by Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn Jarīr al-Ṭabarī and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 1990-01-01 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Before the caliphate of the 'Uthman b. 'Affan, the Muslim community had grown from strength to strength in spite of a series of major crises--the Hirah, the death of the Prophet, the Riddah wars, the assassination of 'Umar by a Persian slave. But 'Uthman's reign ended in catastrophe. His inability to manage the social and political conflicts that were now emerging among various factions within the community led to his death at the hands of Muslim rebels. The consequences of this tragic event were bitter: not only a century of civil war, but also political and religious schisms of such depth that they have not been entirely healed even now. Most medieval Muslim historians told this story in an overtly partisan manner, but al-Tabari demands more of his readers. First of all, they must decide for themselves, on the basis of highly ambigous evidence, whether 'Uthman's death was tyrannicide or murder. But, more than that, they must ask how such a thing could have happened at all; what had the Muslims done to bring about the near-destruction of their community? Al-Tabari presents this challenge within a broad framework. For, even while the internal crisis that issued in 'Uthman's death was coming to a head, the wars against Byzantium and Persia continued. The first expeditions into North Africa, the conquest of Cyprus, the momentary destruction of the Byzantine fleet at the Battle of the Masts, the bloody campaigns in Armenia, the Caucasus, and Khurasan are all here, in narratives that shift constantly between hard reporting and pious legend. Muslim forces retain the offensive, but there are no more easy victories; henceforth, suffering and endurance will be the hallmarks of the hero. Most evocative in the light of 'Uthman's fate is the moving account of the murder of the last Sasanian king, Yazdagird III--a man betrayed by his nobles and subjects, but most of all by his own character.
Download or read book The History of al abar Vol 30 written by Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn Jarīr al-Ṭabarī and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of al-Ṭabarī's History covers nearly a quarter of a century, and after covering the very brief caliphate of al-Hādī, concentrates on that of Hārūn al-Rashīd. During these years, the caliphate was in a state of balance with its external foes; the great enemy, Christian Byzantium, was regarded with respect by the Muslims, and the two great powers of the Near East treated each other essentially as equals, while the Caucasian and Central Asian frontiers were held against pressure from the Turkish peoples of Inner Eurasia. The main stresses were internal, including Shī'ite risings on behalf of the excluded house of 'Alī, and revolts by the radical equalitarian Khārijites; but none of these was serious enough to affect the basic stability of the caliphate. Hārūn ar-Rashīd's caliphate has acquired in the West, under the influence of a misleading picture from the Arabian Nights, a glowing image as a golden age of Islamic culture and letters stemming from the Caliph's patronage of the exponents of these arts and sciences. In light of the picture of the Caliph which emerges from al-Ṭabarī's pages, however, this image seems to be distinctly exaggerated. Al-Rashīd himself does not exhibit any notable signs of administrative competence, military leadership or intellectual interests beyond those which convention demanded of a ruler. For much of his reign, he left the business of government to the capable viziers of the Barmakīd family--the account of whose spectacular fall from power forms one of the most dramatic features of al-Ṭabarī's narratives here--and his decision to divide the Islamic empire after his death between his sons was to lead subsequently to a disastrous civil war. Nevertheless, al-Ṭabarī's story is full of interesting sidelights on the lives of those involved in the court circle of the time and on the motivations which impelled medieval Muslims to seek precarious careers there. A discounted price is available when purchasing the entire 39-volume History of al-Ṭabarī set. Contact SUNY Press for more information.
Download or read book The Miracle Play of Hasan and Husain written by Sir Lewis Pelly and published by . This book was released on 1879 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mu ammad and the Course of Isl m written by H. M. Balyuzi and published by Oxford [Eng.] : G. Ronald. This book was released on 1976 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The History of al abar Vol 21 written by and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2015-06-18 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume XXI of the History of al-Ṭabarī (from the second part of 66/685 to 73/693) covers the resolution of "the Second Civil War." This conflict, which has broken out in 64/683 after the death of the Umayyad caliph Yazīd I, involved the rival claims of the Umayyads (centered in Syria) and the Zubayrids (centered in the Hijaz), each of whom claimed the caliphal title, Commander of the Faithful. Both parties contented for control of Iraq, which was also the setting for al-Mukhtār's Shīʿite uprising in al-Kūfah during 66/685 and 67/686. Khārijite groups were active in south-western Iran and central Arabia, even threatening the heavily settled lands of Iraq. By the end of 73/692, the Umayyad regime in Damascus, led by Abd-al-Malik, had extinguished the rival caliphate of Ibn al-Zubayr and had reestablished a single, more or less universally acknowledged political authority for the Islamic community. Al-Ṭabarī's account of these years is drawn from such earlier historians as Abu Mikhnaf, al-Madāʾinī , and al-Waqidi and includes eyewitness accounts, quotations from poems, and texts of sermons. Notable episodes include al-Mukhtār's slaying of those who had been involved in the death of al-Husayn at Karbala, the death of al-Mukhtār at the hands of Muṣʿab ibn al-Zubayr, the revolt of Amr ibn Saʿīd in Damascus, the death of Muṣʿab at the Battle of Dayr al-Jathaliq, and al-Hajjaj's siege and conquest of Mecca on behalf of Abd-al-Malik. There are excursuses on the chair that al-Mukhtār venerated as a relic of Ali, the biography of the colorful brigand ʿUbayd Allāh b. al-Ḥurr, and the development of the secretarial office in Islam. The translation has been fully annotated. Parallels in the works of Ibn Sa'd, al-Baladhuri, and the Kitabal-Aghani have been indicated in the notes where these accounts supplement or diverge from that of al-Ṭabarī.
