Download or read book Big Savings from the World s Largest Installation of Geothermal Heat Pumps at Fort Polk Louisiana written by Oak Ridge National Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1999* with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Geothermal Heat Pumps Save Energy for US Army Base written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between March 1995 and August 1996, the world's largest installation of geothermal heat pumps (GHPs) was completed at the US Army base at Fort Polk near Leesville, Louisiana. The project was a joint effort by the US Army and Co-Energy Group, an energy service company and was funded by private capital under a Shared Energy Savings Contract (SESC). This massive project, the largest ever US federal SESC at the time, has proven the potential of GHPs, for use as centrepieces of comprehensive energy efficient retrofits. Such retrofit projects deliver significant energy and maintenance cost savings, as well as reducing CO2 emissions.

Download or read book Geothermal Heat Pump Energy Savings Performance Contract at Fort Polk LA written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At Fort Polk, LA the space conditioning systems of 4,003 military family housing units have been converted to geothermal heat pumps (GHP) under an energy savings performance contract (ESPC). At the same time, other efficiency measures, such as compact fluorescent lights (CFLs), low-flow shower heads, and attic insulation, were installed. An independent evaluation of the Fort Polk ESPC was carried out. Findings indicate that the project has resulted in a 25.6 million kWh savings in electrical energy use, or 32.4% of the pre-retrofit electrical consumption in family housing, for a typical meteorological year. Peak electrical demand has also been reduced by 6,541 kW, which is 39.6% of the pre-retrofit peak demand. Natural gas savings are about 260,000 therms per year. In addition, the ESPC has allowed the Army to effectively cap its future expenditures for family housing HVAC maintenance at about 77% of its previous costs. Given these successful results, the Fort Polk ESPC can provide a model for other ESPCs in both the public and the private sectors. The purpose of this paper is to outline the method by which the ESPC was engineered and implemented, both from the standpoint of the facility owner (the US Army) and the energy services company (ESCO) which is carrying out the contract. The lessons learned from this experience should be useful to other owners, ESCOs and investors in the implementation of future ESPCs. It should be noted that the energy savings presented in this document are the apparent energy savings observed in the monitored data, and are not to be confused with the contracted energy savings used as the basis for payments. To determine the contracted energy savings, the apparent energy savings may require adjustments for such things as changes in indoor temperature performance criteria, additions of ceiling fans, and other factors.

Download or read book The Energy Economy written by David J. Robinson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-05 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prolonged economic downturn is forcing policy makers and professors to examine how to improve economic development. State and regional governments are therefore moving from public sector-led strategies to private sector-led strategies to enact substantial business-friendly policy reforms. This view of growing economic development sparks interest among public policy, public administration, urban planning, and other academic programs to teach about how America goes about implementing economic development strategies at the state and local level. The Energy Economy is a public policy and current affairs focused economics book targeted toward a public policy and current affairs audience. It offers practical and topical discussions about the most important economic issue of current times: energy.

Download or read book Geothermal Heat Pumps as a Cost Saving and Capital Renewal Too written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An independent evaluation of the Fort Polk, Louisiana energy savings performance contract (ESPC) has verified the financial value of geothermal heat pump (GHP)-centered ESPCS to the federal government. The Department of Energy (DOE) Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) has responded by issuing an RFP for the "National GHP-Technology-Specific Super ESPC Procurement." Federal agency sites anywhere in the nation will be able to implement GHP-centered ESPC projects as delivery orders against the awarded contracts.

Download or read book Renewable Energy 1998 Issues and Trends written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1999 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Electrical Energy and Demand Savings from a Geothermal Heat Pump Energy Savings Performance Contract at Ft Polk LA written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At Fort Polk, LA the space conditioning systems of an entire city (4,003 military family housing units) have been converted to geothermal heat pumps (GHP) under an energy savings performance contract. At the same time, other efficiency measures such as compact fluorescent lights (CFLs), low-flow hot water outlets, and attic insulation were installed. Pre- and post-retrofit data were taken at 15-minute intervals on energy flows through the electrical distribution feeders that serve the family housing areas of the post. 15-minute interval data was also taken on energy use from a sample of the residences. This paper summarizes the electrical energy and demand savings observed in this data. Analysis of feeder-level data shows that for a typical year, the project will result in a 25.6 million kWh savings in electrical energy use, or 32.4% of the pre-retrofit electrical consumption in family housing. Results from analysis of building-level data compare well with this figure. Analysis of feeder-level data also shows that the project has resulted in a reduction of peak electrical demand of 6,541 kW, which is 39.6% of the pre-retrofit peak electrical demand. In addition to these electrical savings, the facility is also saving an estimated 260,000 therms per year of natural gas. It should be noted that the energy savings presented in this document are the apparent energy savings observed in the monitored data, and are not to be confused with the contracted energy savings used as the basis for payments. To determine the contracted energy savings, the apparent energy savings may require adjustments for such things as changes in indoor temperature performance criteria, additions of ceiling fans, and other factors.

Download or read book The Evaluation of a 4000 home Geothermal Heat Pump Retrofit at Fort Polk Louisiana Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report documents an independent evaluation of an energy retrofit of 4,003 family housing units at Fort Polk, Louisiana, under an energy savings performance contract (ESPC). Replacement of the heating, cooling, and water heating systems in these housing units with geothermal heat pumps (GHPs) anchored the retrofit; low-flow shower heads and compact fluorescent lighting were also installed, as well as attic insulation where needed. Statistically valid findings indicate that the project will save 25.8 million kWh, or 32.5% of the pre-retrofit whole-community electrical consumption, and 100% of the whole-community natural gas previously used for space conditioning and water heating (260,000 therms) in a typical meteorological year. At the end-use level, the GHPs were found to save about 42% of the pre-retrofit electrical consumption for heating, cooling, and water heating in housing units that were all-electric in the pre-retrofit period. This report also demonstrates an improved method of predicting energy savings. Using an engineering model calibrated to pre-retrofit energy use data collected in the field, the method predicted actual energy savings on one of the electric feeders at Fort Polk with a very high degree of accuracy. The accuracy of this model was in turn dependent on data-calibrated models of the geothermal heat pump and ground heat exchanger that are described in this report. In addition this report documents the status of vertical borehole ground heat exchanger (BHEx) design methods at the time this project was designed, and demonstrates methods of using data collected from operating GHP systems to benchmark BHEx design methods against a detailed engineering model calibrated to date. The authors also discuss the ESPC's structure and implementation and how the experience gained here can contribute to the success of future ESPCs.

Download or read book Geothermal Heat Pumps at Fort Polk written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At Fort Polk, LA an entire city (4,003 military family housing units) is being converted to geothermal heat pumps (GHP) under a performance contract. At the same time other efficiency measures such as compact fluorescent lights (CFLs), low-flow water outlets, and attic insulation are being installed. If these contracts and this technology are to be used widely in US Department of Defense (DoD) facilities and other public buildings, better data from actual projects is the key. Being the first GHP project of this type and size, Fort Polk proved to be very challenging for all concerned. To get from RFP to start of construction took several years. This hard work by others created a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to address many of the due diligence issues that delayed the Fort Polk project. So that future projects can move faster, an evaluation has been undertaken to address the following barriers: absence of a documented large-scale demonstration of GHP energy, demand, and maintenance savings (a barrier to acceptance by federal customers, performance contractors, and investors); newness of large-scale facility capital renewal procurements at federal facilities under energy savings performance contracts (ESPCs) or traditional appropriations (lack of case studies); and variability in current GHP design tools (increases risks and costs for federal customers, performance contractors, investors and designers). This paper presents early energy and demand savings results based on data collection through January 1996.

Download or read book Geothermal Resources Council Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Geothermal Heat Pumps Installation Guide written by Stephen K. Ewings and published by Stephen K Ewings. This book was released on 2008-10 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Evaluation of the Fort Polk Energy Savings Performance Contract written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The US Army, in cooperation with an energy services company (ESCO), used private capital to retrofit 4,003 family housing units on the Fort Polk, Louisiana, military base with geothermal heat pumps (GHPs). The project was performed under an energy savings performance contract (ESPC) that provides for the Army and the ESCO to share the cost savings realized through the energy retrofit over the 20-year life of the contract. Under the terms of the contract, the ESCO is responsible for maintaining the GHPs and provides ongoing measurement and verification (M and V) to assure cost and energy savings to the Army. An independent evaluation conducted by the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory indicates that the GHP systems in combination with other energy retrofit measures have reduced annual whole-community electrical consumption by 33%, and natural gas consumption by 100%. These energy savings correspond to an estimated reduction in CO2 emissions of 22,400 tons per year. Peak electrical demand has been reduced by 43%. The electrical energy and demand savings correspond to an improvement in the whole-community annual electric load factor from 0.52 to 0.62. As a result of the project, Fort Polk saves about $450,000 annually and benefits from complete renewal of the major energy consuming systems in family housing and maintenance of those systems for 20 years. Given the magnitude of the project, the cost and energy savings achieved, and the lessons learned during its design and implementation, the Fort Polk ESPC can provide a model for other housing-related energy savings performance contracts in both the public and private sectors.

Download or read book Methodology for the Evaluation of a 4000 home Geothermal Heat Pump Retrofit at Fort Polk Louisiana written by P.J. Hughes and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The US Army and a private energy service company are developing a comprehensive energy efficiency project to upgrade the family housing at Fort Polk, Louisiana. The project includes converting the space conditioning systems of more than 4,000 housing units to geothermal (or ground-source) heat pumps (GHPs). This interim report describes the methodology of the evaluation associated with this project, including the field monitoring that has been conducted at the base.

Download or read book Methodology for the Evaluation of a 4000 home Geothermal Heat Pump Retrofit at Fort Polk Louisiana written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The US Army and a private energy service company are developing a comprehensive energy efficiency project to upgrade the family housing at Fort Polk, Louisiana. The project includes converting the space conditioning systems of more than 4,000 housing units to geothermal (or ground-source) heat pumps (GHPs). This interim report describes the methodology of the evaluation associated with this project, including the field monitoring that has been conducted at the base.

Download or read book Geothermal Heat Pumps What You Need To Know Before You Buy One written by Jerry Scherer and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2014-06-11 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the majority of geothermal heat pump contractors do not size, design, or install geothermal heat pumps correctly one would be wise to follow the steps in this book so you don't end up with a geothermal heat pump system that is nothing but trouble. This book tells you the steps you need to take so you can get a geothermal heat pump correctly installed either by doing it yourself or having a contractor install it for you. It also has many other articles about energy saving things you can do to have a more energy efficient home. Here are the chapters that are in the book; TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 8 Preface Page 11 Chapter One Geothermal heat pump tax credits. Page 13 Chapter Two About geothermal heat pumps. Page 14 Chapter Three The three loops in a geothermal heat pump system. Page 16 Chapter Four The air has problems, The earth has solutions. Page 18 Chapter Five How do heat pumps move heat from cooler areas into warmer areas? Page 20 Chapter Six Any geothermal heat pump is better than an air source heat pump. Page 24 Chapter Seven What do geothermal heat pumps have to do with renewable energy? Page 26 Chapter Eight Will a geothermal heat pump keep me comfortable? YOU BET IT WILL!!! Page 27 Chapter Nine Geothermal heat pumps: Keeping maintenance simple. Page 28 Chapter Ten Which efficiency ratings should I compare? SEER, EER, COP? Page 29 Chapter Eleven Efficiency: Geothermal heat pumps compared to electric resistant heaters Page 30 Chapter Twelve Does running a ceiling fan lower my cooling bills? Page 32 Chapter Thirteen Can ceiling fans lower my heating bills? Page 34 Chapter Fourteen Properly sizing your geothermal heat pump will make a big difference. Page 36 Chapter Fifteen Rules of thumb for sizing are out!!! Page 38 Chapter Sixteen Closed earth loops. Page 40 Chapter Seventeen Horizontal earth loops. Page 48 Chapter Eighteen Slinky loops. Page 49 Chapter Nineteen Naeem's slinky earth loop installation. Page 72 Chapter Twenty Pond loops. Page 73 Chapter Twenty-one Vertical bore loops. Page 80 Chapter Twenty-two Using well water for an open loop. Page 84 Chapter Twenty-three Geothermal heat pump earth loop antifreeze. Page 89 Chapter Twenty-four What is insulation R-value? Page 90 Chapter Twenty-five Best insulation R-value per dollar: Stop the largest losses/leaks first. Page 94 Chapter Twenty-six What is a desuperheater? Page 96 Chapter Twenty-seven Single stage, Two stage, and Variable speed geothermal heat pumps. Page 99 Chapter Twenty-eight Water-to-Water VS. Water to Air Geothermal heat pumps. Page 102 Chapter Twenty-nine Geothermal heat pumps: Packaged units VS. Split systems. Page 104 Chapter Thirty ClimateMaster's ClimaDry geothermal heat pump dehumidification system. Page 106 Chapter Thirty-one Geothermal heat pump thermostat: Don't set it back. Page 109 Chapter Thirty-two Duel Fuel geothermal heat pump systems. Page 111 Chapter Thirty-three About heat distribution. Page 112 Chapter Thirty-four Sizing and designing your forced air ducting system (duct work). Page 117 Chapter Thirty-five Sizing and designing your Geothermal heat pump. Page 119 Chapter Thirty-six Designing your closed earth loop. Page 123 Chapter Thirty-seven What we need from you so we can size and design your horizontal earth loop. Page 125 Chapter Thirty-eight How to test your soil. Page 129 About the Author

Download or read book Geothermal Heat Pumps Deliver Big Savings for Federal Facilities written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Evaluation of a 4000 home Geothermal Heat Pumpretrofit at Fort Polk Louisiana written by P. J. Hughes and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: