Download or read book Best Evidence Structural Interventions for HIV Prevention written by Rachel E Golden and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-05-25 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing detailed information on structural HIV prevention interventions, this book is intended for health care practitioners and researchers to plan, implement, and evaluate such interventions in their own communities. As defined by the CDC, structural interventions focus on the physical, social, cultural, political, economic, legal, and/or policy aspects of the environment. Designed to reach a large number of individuals, structural interventions usually occur across entire communities, cities, or countries. As a result, the resources required to initiate structural interventions can far exceed those required for smaller-scale behavioral programs. However, changes from structural interventions have the potential to last over time, even after the programs have ended, resulting in effective use of public and private prevention resources. Because the reach of structural interventions is typically larger than that of individual- or group-focused interventions (for example, the 100% Condom Use Program, which was implemented countrywide in Thailand), their influence may be equally—if not more—significant.This book is a resource for health practitioners, educators, and researchers who seek HIV/AIDS structural prevention programs that have been shown to be effective in their regions or for their target populations (e.g. injection drug users, commercial sex workers, or the general public). With extensive case studies, the book classifies interventions according to the desired outcomes (specific behavior or policy changes) so that the reader may focus on examples of programs with similar goals and target populations to their own. Addresses the quintessential public health ethical dilemma regarding which types of environmental changes should be mandatory via legislation and which should be voluntary, promoted via programmatic, practice, and policy change.
Download or read book Structural Interventions for HIV Prevention written by Richard A. Crosby and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-10-26 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A COMPREHENSIVE NEW REFERENCE WORK ON STRUCTURAL APPROACHES TO PREVENTING HIV Structural interventions -- changes to environment aimed at influencing health behaviors -- are the most universal and cost-effective tool in preventing new incidences of HIV. They are not easy to get right, however. Structural Interventions for HIV Prevention offers an authoritative reference for both understanding these programs and instituting them to greatest effect. Whether through changes to policy, environment, social/community norms, or a combination of each, this volume offers actionable and attainable blueprints to creating and evaluating programs in any setting or country. It is an essential resource for researchers and practitioners in the continuing fights against HIV.
Download or read book Sexually Transmitted Infections written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by . This book was released on 2021-12-24 with total page 750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One in five people in the United States had a sexually transmitted infection (STI) on any given day in 2018, totaling nearly 68 million estimated infections. STIs are often asymptomatic (especially in women) and are therefore often undiagnosed and unreported. Untreated STIs can have severe health consequences, including chronic pelvic pain, infertility, miscarriage or newborn death, and increased risk of HIV infection, genital and oral cancers, neurological and rheumatological effects. In light of this, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, through the National Association of County and City Health Officials, commissioned the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a committee to examine the prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections in the United States and provide recommendations for action. In 1997, the Institute of Medicine released a report, The Hidden Epidemic: Confronting Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Although significant scientific advances have been made since that time, many of the problems and barriers described in that report persist today; STIs remain an underfunded and comparatively neglected field of public health practice and research. The committee reviewed the current state of STIs in the United States, and the resulting report, Sexually Transmitted Infections: Advancing a Sexual Health Paradigm, provides advice on future public health programs, policy, and research.
Download or read book Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 6 written by King K. Holmes and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 1027 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.
Download or read book HIV AIDS Prevention in the United States written by Alexandra Elizabeth Blair and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Preventing and Mitigating AIDS in Sub Saharan Africa written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-03-28 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The AIDS epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa continues to affect all facets of life throughout the subcontinent. Deaths related to AIDS have driven down the life expectancy rate of residents in Zambia, Kenya, and Uganda with far-reaching implications. This book details the current state of the AIDS epidemic in Africa and what is known about the behaviors that contribute to the transmission of the HIV infection. It lays out what research is needed and what is necessary to design more effective prevention programs.
Download or read book African Americans and HIV AIDS written by Donna Hubbard McCree, PhD, MPH, RPh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-14 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among U. S. racial and ethnic minority populations, African American communities are the most disproportionately impacted and affected by HIV/AIDS (CDC, 2009; CDC, 2008). The chapters in this volume seek to explore factors that contribute to this disparity as well as methods for intervening and positively impacting the e- demic in the U. S. The book is divided into two sections. The first section includes chapters that explore specific contextual and structural factors related to HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention in African Americans. The second section is composed of chapters that address the latest in intervention strategies, including best-evidence and promising-evidence based behavioral interventions, program evaluation, cost effectiveness analyses and HIV testing and counseling. As background for the book, the Introduction provides a summary of the context and importance of other infectious disease rates, (i. e. , sexually transmitted diseases [STDs] and tubercu- sis), to HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment in African Americans and a brief introductory discussion on the major contextual factors related to the acquisition and transmission of STDs/HIV. Contextual Chapters Johnson & Dean author the first chapter in this section, which discusses the history and epidemiology of HIV/AIDS among African Americans. Specifically, this ch- ter provides a definition for and description of the US surveillance systems used to track HIV/AIDS and presents data on HIV or AIDS cases diagnosed between 2002 and 2006 and reported to CDC as of June 30, 2007.
Download or read book Compendium of HIV prevention interventions with evidence of effectiveness written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluating AIDS Prevention Programs written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1991-02-01 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With insightful discussion of program evaluation and the efforts of the Centers for Disease Control, this book presents a set of clear-cut recommendations to help ensure that the substantial resources devoted to the fight against AIDS will be used most effectively. This expanded edition of Evaluating AIDS Prevention Programs covers evaluation strategies and outcome measurements, including a realistic review of the factors that make evaluation of AIDS programs particularly difficult. Randomized field experiments are examined, focusing on the use of alternative treatments rather than placebo controls. The book also reviews nonexperimental techniques, including a critical examination of evaluation methods that are observational rather than experimentalâ€"a necessity when randomized experiments are infeasible.
Download or read book HIV AIDS in South Africa 25 Years On written by Poul Rohleder and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-09-01 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much has happened since the first appearance of AIDS in 1981: it has been identified, studied, and occasionally denied. The virus has shifted host populations and spread globally. Medicine, the social sciences, and world governments have joined forces to combat and prevent the disease. And South Africa has emerged as ground zero for the pandemic. The editors of HIV/AIDS in South Africa 25 Years On present the South African crisis as a template for addressing the myriad issues surrounding the epidemic worldwide, as the book brings together a widely scattered body of literature, analyzes psychosocial and sexual aspects contributing to HIV transmission and prevention, and delves into complex intersections of race, gender, class, and politics. Including largely overlooked populations and issues (e.g., prisoners, persons with disabilities, stigma), as well as challenges shaping future research and policy, the contributors approach their topics with rare depth, meticulous research, carefully drawn conclusions, and profound compassion. Among the topics covered: The relationship between HIV and poverty, starting from the question, "Which is the determinant and which is the consequence?" Epidemiology of HIV among women and men: concepts of femininity and masculinity, and gender inequities as they affect HIV risk; gender-specific prevention and intervention strategies. The impact of AIDS on infants and young children: risk and protective factors; care of children by HIV-positive mothers; HIV-infected children. Current prevention and treatment projects, including local-level responses, community-based work, and VCT (voluntary counseling and testing) programs. New directions: promoting circumcision, vaccine trials, "positive prevention." South Africa’s history of AIDS denialism. The urgent lessons in this book apply both globally and locally, making HIV/AIDS in South Africa 25 Years On uniquely instructive and useful for professionals working in HIV/AIDS and global public health.
Download or read book Structural Factors in HIV Prevention written by Esther Sumartojo and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Accelerating an HIV Prevention Revolution written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2009, 33.3 million people were living with HIV/AIDS and 2.6 million people were newly infected worldwide. Today, in the United States alone, an estimated 1.1 million adults and adolescents are living with HIV/ AIDS. Despite significant progress in knowledge about HIV/AIDS and its treatment over the past 25 years, much remains to be done to slow the rapid spread of this disease: as of 2010, for every two people starting antiretroviral treatment, five more were newly infected worldwide. HIV prevention consists of a range of educational programs, services, and technologies to reduce HIV transmission. To be successful, interventions must be tailored to the needs of diverse groups at the national and community levels. Federal, state, and local health systems must be strengthened in order to carry out the broad and systematic efforts needed to stop the spread of HIV. Prevention is not only the most effective defense against the virus, but also the most cost-effective. Researchers estimate that for every HIV infection prevented in the U.S., approximately $355,000 is saved in medical treatment costs. While HIV/AIDS prevention efforts have proven effective in slowing the rate of the epidemic, no single prevention technology or strategy can be 100% effective. Therefore, a combination prevention approach that integrates evidence-based behavioral, biomedical, and structural interventions is the most promising strategy for preventing HIV/AIDS in the U.S. and abroad. This issue brief reviews the scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of behavioral strategies and prevention technologies that have the potential to avert millions of new HIV infections worldwide. It emphasizes the importance of combining behavioral approaches and prevention technologies and provides research and policy recommendations that serve as a roadmap for future domestic and international HIV prevention efforts.
Download or read book African Americans and HIV AIDS written by Donna Hubbard McCree and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-09-30 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among U. S. racial and ethnic minority populations, African American communities are the most disproportionately impacted and affected by HIV/AIDS (CDC, 2009; CDC, 2008). The chapters in this volume seek to explore factors that contribute to this disparity as well as methods for intervening and positively impacting the e- demic in the U. S. The book is divided into two sections. The first section includes chapters that explore specific contextual and structural factors related to HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention in African Americans. The second section is composed of chapters that address the latest in intervention strategies, including best-evidence and promising-evidence based behavioral interventions, program evaluation, cost effectiveness analyses and HIV testing and counseling. As background for the book, the Introduction provides a summary of the context and importance of other infectious disease rates, (i. e. , sexually transmitted diseases [STDs] and tubercu- sis), to HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment in African Americans and a brief introductory discussion on the major contextual factors related to the acquisition and transmission of STDs/HIV. Contextual Chapters Johnson & Dean author the first chapter in this section, which discusses the history and epidemiology of HIV/AIDS among African Americans. Specifically, this ch- ter provides a definition for and description of the US surveillance systems used to track HIV/AIDS and presents data on HIV or AIDS cases diagnosed between 2002 and 2006 and reported to CDC as of June 30, 2007.
Download or read book Persuasive Technologies in HIV Prevention written by Deepti Chittamuru and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: One of the biggest racial health disparities in the US concerns HIV/AIDS. African Americans have considerably higher rates of HIV/AIDS than do Whites, Hispanics, Asians, and Native Americans. The predominant approach to prevention has been to mount individual- or small-group multisession behavioral interventions. The reach of such interventions is very limited and thus, the field of HIV prevention has called for structural interventions that reach many people in their natural environments. This dissertation evaluates a serial drama, "Reality Check," which is a structural HIV prevention intervention for, 18-24 year old African Americans.Theory: Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory was used in the development of the intervention. Fishbein and Ajzen's Reasoned Action approach, was used to inform the survey instrument and statistical analysis models. Intervention: "Reality Check" is a 13-episode serial drama. Each day a new 6-9 minute, episode was streamed online while all previous episodes were available on the study's website. In addition to streaming the episodes, emails giving the locations of local venues where free HIV testing is available were sent, so that the barrier of not knowing will not interfere with viewers' ability to be tested should they decide to get tested. Method: A randomized controlled trial with baseline and multiple post- intervention assessments was used to evaluate the efficacy of the intervention. A total of 203 African Americans (162 women and 41 men) aged between 18 and 24 years located anywhere in the United States participated in the study. Confidential online longitudinal surveys were conducted at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and three months after the end of the intervention. The primary outcomes were condomless sex and HIV testing. Results: The intervention reduced the number of times participants reported having condomless sex but did not affect HIV testing. It also reduced homophobia and HIV/AIDS stigma as well as the number of times participants reported having vaginal sexual intercourse. Attrition was remarkably low with 93% and 87% of the participants completing the immediate-post intervention and 3-month follow-up assessments respectively.
Download or read book Compendium of HIV Prevention Interventions with Evidence of Effectiveness from CDC s HIV AIDS Prevention Research Synthesis Project written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Compendium of HIV Prevention with Evidence of Effectiveness written by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-05-19 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention developed the Compendium of HIV Prevention Interventions with Evidence of Effectiveness to respond to prevention service providers, planners, and others who request science-based intervention that works to prevent HIV transmission.
Download or read book HIV AIDS Global Frontiers in Prevention Intervention written by Cynthia Pope and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-06-11 with total page 778 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: HIV/AIDS: Global Frontiers in Prevention/Intervention provides a comprehensive overview of the global HIV/AIDS epidemic. The unique anthology addresses cutting-edge issues in HIV/AIDS research, policymaking, and advocacy. Key features include: · Nine original essays from leading scholars in public health, epidemiology, and social and behavioral sciences · Comprehensive information for individuals with varying degrees of knowledge, particularly regarding methodological and theoretical perspectives · A look into the future progression of HIV transmission and scholarly research HIV/AIDS: Global Frontiers in Prevention/Intervention is will serve as a precious resource as a textbook and reference for the university classroom, libraries, and researchers
