Download or read book Behavioural and Neural Correlates of Individual Differences in Episodic Memory written by Daniela Palombo and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Individual Differences and Episodic Memory written by Catherine A. MacLeod and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dual-process models propose that two processes support recognition memory; familiarity, a general sense that something has been previously encountered; and recollection, the retrieval of details concerning the context in which a previous encounter occurred. Event-related potential (ERP) studies of recognition memory have identified a set of old/new effects that are thought to reflect these processes: the 300-500ms bilateral-frontal effect, thought to reflect familiarity and the 500-800ms left-parietal effect, thought to reflect recollection. Whilst the exact functional role of these effects remains unclear, they are widely viewed as reliable indices of retrieval. The ERP literature reviewed in this thesis suggests that the characteristics of these recognition effects vary with task specific details and individual participant differences, suggesting that the recognition effects purported to index retrieval may be conditional on both task and participant. This thesis examined the influence of individual differences on behavioural measures of recognition and the neural correlates of recognition memory, focusing on factors of stimulus material, task performance and participant genotype. Clear evidence of stimulus differences were found, with pictures eliciting more anteriorly distributed effects than words, and a late onsetting frontopolar old/new effect that was unique for voices. Furthermore, the pattern of ERP activity associated with successful recognition of faces appeared to vary as a function of general face recognition ability, with participants poorer at remembering faces exhibiting a 300-500ms old/new effect not present for those good at remembering faces. The data also suggested that activity over right-frontal electrodes, evident in some previous studies, may be participant specific and could reflect additional retrieval support processes. Contrary to expectations, behavioural task performance was not found to significantly modulate the 'typical' recognition memory effects. However, a number of genetic polymorphisms were found to significantly influence both behavioural scores and the pattern of ERP activity associated with recognition memory. These results therefore suggest that inherent participant differences influence the neural correlates of recognition memory, in a way that variations in task performance do not. Overall, the results from this thesis therefore suggest that the 'typical' bilateral-frontal and left-parietal effects thought to index retrieval are not universal. Furthermore the results suggest that the specific processes engaged during retrieval (as indexed by variations in ERP activity) may be dependent on specific task requirements, stimulus material and the genetic makeup of the individual.
Download or read book Neural Correlates of Individual Differences in Prosocial Behavior written by Franziska M. Dahinden and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Progress in Episodic Memory Research written by Ekrem Dere and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-05-25 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Episodic memory refers to the ability to remember personal experiences in terms of what happened and where and when it happened. Humans are also able to remember the specific perceptions, emotions and thoughts they had during a particular experience. This highly sophisticated and unique memory system is extremely sensitive to cerebral aging, neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. The field of episodic memory research is a continuously expanding and fascinating area that unites a broad spectrum of scientists who represent a variety of research disciplines including neurobiology, medicine, psychology and philosophy. Nevertheless, important questions still remain to be addressed. This research topic on the Progress in Episodic Memory Research covers past and current directions in research dedicated to the neurobiology, neuropathology, development, measurement and treatment of episodic memory.
Download or read book An Examination of the Behavioral Effects and Neural Correlates of Post learning Stress on Episodic Memory written by Andrew McArthur McCullough and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Post-learning stress has diverse effects on human memory, in that stress can both enhance and impair subsequent memory. While there are theories regarding the effects of post-learning stress on memory, the mechanisms underlying the effects are poorly understood. The current studies examine effects of post-learning stress on recognition memory, including examining the behavioral effects of stress on the cognitive processes supporting recognition (i.e., Recollection and Familiarity), and how the behavioral effects are related to the physiological response to stress. The current studies also examine the effects of post-learning stress on memory-related neural activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), including examining how stress alters which encoding activity is predictive of subsequent memory, and examining how post-learning stress alters retrieval activity that is correlated with successful recognition. These studies show that stress can enhance familiarity, and that stress can either enhance or impair recollection under difference circumstances. These studies also reveal a dissociation in the relationship between post-learning stress-induced cortisol responses and the cognitive processes of Recollection and Familiarity. That is, cortisol responses were linearly related to subsequent Familiarity, whereas cortisol responses were related to subsequent Recollection by a quadratic function. The fMRI results show that post-learning stress alters the neural activity that is associated with successful recollection during retrieval, and also reveal that stress alters how neural activity during encoding is related to subsequent memory. The implications of these results for theories of stress effects on memory are discussed.
Download or read book The Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory written by Amanda Parker and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2005-08-18 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in techniques available to memory researchers have led to a rapid expansion in the field of cognitive neuroscience of memory. This book provides accessible coverage of four key areas of recent advance, including research on functional imaging, electrophysiological and lesion studies, and developments from the computational modelling approach. The first section reviews functional imaging studies in humans, with particular emphasis on how imaging methods have clarified the cortical areas involved in memory formation and retrieval. The second section describes electrophysiological and lesion research in monkeys, where lesion and disconnection studies are rapidly adding to our knowledge of both information processing and modulatory aspects of memory formation. In the third section, electrophysiological and lesion studies in rats are reviewed allowing for a detailed study of the role of novelty and exploration in memory formation. The final section reviews current research in computational modelling which has allowed the development of new theoretical and experimental approaches to the study of memory encoding and retrieval. This volume draws together the current developments in each field, allowing the synthesis of ideas and providing converging evidence from a range of sources. It will be a useful resource for both advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students of psychology, as well as researchers in the field and anyone with an interest in cognitive neuroscience.
Download or read book The Influence of Individual Differences on Neural Correlates of Emotional and Cognitive Information Processes written by Katja Mériau and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analyzing Neural Correlates of Episodic Memory written by Sean Patrick Wright and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Autobiographical Memory and the Construction of a Narrative Self written by Robyn Fivush and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 2003. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Download or read book An Examination of the Behavioral and Neural Correlates of Conceptual Implicit Memory Familiarity based Recognition and Cued Recall written by Wei-chun Wang and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recognition memory judgments can be based on two dissociable processes: recollection and familiarity. It has recently been proposed that the perirhinal cortex (PRC)-mediated process supporting familiarity-based recognition may be related to other forms of mnemonic retrieval. Utilizing an individual differences approach, the first chapter of this dissertation investigates the extent to which familiarity- and recollection-based recognition are related to conceptual implicit memory and cued recall. Results indicate that familiarity is correlated with conceptual implicit memory whereas both recollection and familiarity are correlated with cued recall. Chapters two and three utilize patient lesion studies and functional MRI to assess the role of the PRC in conceptual implicit memory. We found that amnesic patients with damage to PRC are impaired in tasks assessing conceptual implicit memory and that PRC activity at encoding predicts subsequent conceptual, but not perceptual, implicit memory. In a follow-up study (Chapter 3), we report that PRC exhibited repetition-related suppression during conceptual priming, and also exhibited decreasing activity as a function of increasing memory confidence, or familiarity strength. Furthermore, PRC also exhibited greater activity for high confidence (i.e., recollected) items. The last chapter examines the role of the medial temporal lobes during cued recall, and results indicated that PRC is sensitive to the cued recall of abstract fractals encoded as items, whereas the parahippocampal cortex is sensitive to the cued recall of abstract fractals encoded as contexts (i.e., backgrounds). In sum, these findings indicate that the processes of familiarity-based recognition, conceptual implicit memory, and cued recall can be behaviorally related, and that PRC supports these processes through the encoding and retrieval of item representations.
Download or read book Neural Correlates of Inhibition in Episodic Memory written by Maria Wimber and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Working Memory Capacity written by Nelson Cowan and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2016-04-14 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea of one's memory "filling up" is a humorous misconception of how memory in general is thought to work; it actually has no capacity limit. However, the idea of a "full brain" makes more sense with reference to working memory, which is the limited amount of information a person can hold temporarily in an especially accessible form for use in the completion of almost any challenging cognitive task. This groundbreaking book explains the evidence supporting Cowan's theoretical proposal about working memory capacity, and compares it to competing perspectives. Cognitive psychologists profoundly disagree on how working memory is limited: whether by the number of units that can be retained (and, if so, what kind of units and how many), the types of interfering material, the time that has elapsed, some combination of these mechanisms, or none of them. The book assesses these hypotheses and examines explanations of why capacity limits occur, including vivid biological, cognitive, and evolutionary accounts. The book concludes with a discussion of the practical importance of capacity limits in daily life. This 10th anniversary Classic Edition will continue to be accessible to a wide range of readers and serve as an invaluable reference for all memory researchers.
Download or read book Neural Correlates of Subjective Familiarity and Choice Bias During Episodic Memory Judgments written by Justin Lee Vincent and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Successful recognition memory decisions depend on mnemonic and decision making processes that are computed by multiple, distributed brain areas. However, little is known about what computations these areas perform or how these areas are connected. Here, I collected behavioral and functional magnetic resonance imaging data from humans during the performance of an old-new recognition memory task with retrospective confidence judgments. Across runs, choice bias was successfully manipulated by providing rewards for correct responses that were either symmetric (equal reward for hits and correct rejections) or asymmetric (one response worth more than the other). Successful recognition memory was associated with activation in anterior prefrontal, parahippocampal, posterior cingulate, and parietal cortex. Resting state functional connectivity demonstrated that these brain areas are organized into two distinct networks. The first network includes parahippocampal cortex and angular gyrus. The second network includes lateral prefrontal cortex and intraparietal sulcus. The hippocampal-cortical network was most active during old vs. new decisions, did not differentiate hits from false alarms, and was differentially active during low confidence old and new judgments. In contrast, while the frontoparietal network was robustly activated by hits, it was not activated during either false alarms or low confidence old judgments. Thus, these two distinct networks can be distinguished by their relative connectivity to the medial temporal lobe vs. lateral prefrontal cortex and their responses during uncertain old judgments and errors. The choice bias manipulation had opposing effects on the parietal components of these networks, which further suggests these networks make distinct contributions to mnemonic decision making.
Download or read book Neural Correlates of Episodic Memory Formation in Children and Adults written by Lingfei Tang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The medial temporal lobe (MTL) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) are two key brain regions that support episodic memory formation in both children and adults, but the functional developmental of these regions remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the development of neural correlates of episodic memory formation using functional MRI with a subsequent memory paradigm, administered to a cross-sectional sample of 83 children and adults. We found that MTL subregions showed an age-related increase in activation supporting memory formation of complex scenes. In addition, a functionally defined scene-sensitive region in the posterior MTL also showed similar increase and predicted better memory for complex scenes. Within the PFC we found age-related increase in both activation and deactivation that support memory formation. Finally, we found age-related increase in the functional connectivity between dorsal lateral PFC and posterior MTL regions. Taken together, these findings suggest that the continued functional development of the MTL and the PFC is crucial for age-related improvements in memory.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Event Related Potential Components written by Steven J. Luck and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2012-01-12 with total page 665 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of Event-Related Potential Components provides a detailed and comprehensive overview of the major ERP components. It covers components related to multiple research domains, including perception, cognition, emotion, neurological and psychiatric disorders, and lifespan development.
Download or read book Brain Perception Memory written by Johan J. Bolhuis and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2000 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With contributions from Patrick Bateson, Robert Hinde, Eric Kandel and James McGaugh, this is an authoritative and comprehensive overview of current knowledge of the essential neural mechanisms of perception, learning and memory.
Download or read book Stevens Handbook of Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Learning and Memory written by and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-02-01 with total page 865 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I. Learning & Memory: Elizabeth Phelps & Lila Davachi (Volume Editors) Topics covered include working memory; fear learning; education and memory; memory and future imagining; sleep and memory; emotion and memory; motivation and memory; inhibition in memory; attention and memory; aging and memory; autobiographical memory; eyewitness memory; and category learning.
