Download or read book Behavioral Neurobiology of Stress related Disorders written by Carmine M. Pariante and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-11 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stress is such an over-used word that it is at time difficult to define its core features. When is an environment stressful? What does a stressful environment do to the brain and to the body? What are the biological mechanisms by which a stressor affects us? How does stress contributes to the onset and the progression of mental disorders? How do the effects of stress change over the life-time of an individual? These are just some of the overarching questions addressed by this book, thanks to the contribution of some of the world leading experts on the neurobiology of stress at the pre-clinical and clinical levels. Topics include current advances on the neurobiology of stress on various neurobiological systems such as immune, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, neurogenesis and neuroplasticity, neurotransmitter (glutamate, noradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin and endocannabinoid), neuropeptides, cognition and emotional processing as well as in utero and early postnatal effects. The clinical chapters deal with the relationship of stress and mental disorders such as depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, substance abuse and addiction, dementia and age-related cognitive decline as well as resilience to stress. Thus, this book brings together some of the most updated and authoritative views on the effects of stress of brain and behavior.
Download or read book Behavioral Neurobiology of PTSD written by Eric Vermetten and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-10 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on the behavioral neuroscience that supports our understanding of the neurobiology of trauma risk and response. The collection of articles focuses on both preclinical and clinical reviews of (1) state-of-the-art knowledge of mechanisms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and co-occurring disorders, (2) the biological and psychological constructs that support risk and resiliency for trauma disorders, and (3), novel treatment strategies and therapeutics on the horizon.
Download or read book Behavioral Neurobiology of PTSD written by Eric Vermetten and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-25 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on the behavioral neuroscience that supports our understanding of the neurobiology of trauma risk and response. The collection of articles focuses on both preclinical and clinical reviews of (1) state-of-the-art knowledge of mechanisms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and co-occurring disorders, (2) the biological and psychological constructs that support risk and resiliency for trauma disorders, and (3), novel treatment strategies and therapeutics on the horizon.
Download or read book Behavioral Neurobiology of Anxiety and Its Treatment written by Murray B. Stein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-07-30 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is part of a series on Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, which has as its focus anxiety and its treatment. We have brought together a distinguished cadre of authors with the aim of covering a broad array of topics related to anxiety disorders, ranging from clinical diagnosis, epidemiology, preclinical neuroscience, and animal models to established and innovative therapeutic approaches. The book aims at bridging these disciplines to provide an update of literature relevant to understanding anxiety, its consequences, and its management. Following is a brief overview of the chapters and their content, meant to serve as a guide to navigating the book. The ?rst section covers clinical aspects of anxiety disorders. Joe Bienvenu and colleagues provide an incisive overview of diagnostic considerations in the anxiety disorders in which they emphasize the strengths and shortcomings of our current nosologic systems. This is followed by a review and update of the epidemiology of anxiety disorders by Ron Kessler and colleagues, which provides an authoritative survey of anxiety disorder incidence, prevalence, and risk factors. This is comp- mented by a comprehensive review of the literature on disorders that co-occur with anxiety disorders by Kathleen Merikangas and Sonja Alsemgeest Swanson. Their review highlights the tremendous comorbidity that occurs not only within the anxiety disorders, but also with other mental and physical health conditions.
Download or read book Stress From Molecules to Behavior written by Hermona Soreq and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-10-06 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title comprehensively covers the molecular basis of stress responses of the nervous system, providing a unique and fundamental insight into the molecular, physiological and behavioral basis of the stress response of a whole organism. Edited by leading experts in the field and summarizing the latest research advances in this area, this ready reference is an invaluable resource for clinicians dealing with stress-related disorders, biomedical researchers working in the field as well as for pharmacology and biotech companies.
Download or read book Behavioral Neurobiology of Anxiety and Its Treatment written by Murray B. Stein and published by . This book was released on 2010-09-10 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Stress and the Brain Part 1 The Neurobiology of Stress written by Thomas Steckler and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-03-24 with total page 864 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Stress and the Brain focuses on the impact of stressful events on the functioning of the central nervous system; how stress affects molecular and cellular processes in the brain, and in turn, how these brain processes determine our perception of and reactivity to, stressful challenges - acutely and in the long-run. Written for a broad scientific audience, the Handbook comprehensively reviews key principles and facts to provide a clear overview of the interdisciplinary field of stress. The work aims to bring together the disciplines of neurobiology, physiology, immunology, psychology and psychiatry, to provide a reference source for both the non-clinical and clinical expert, as well as serving as an introductory text for novices in this field of scientific inquiry. Part 1 addresses basic aspects of the neurobiology of the stress response including the involvement of neuropeptide, neuroendocrine and neurotransmitter systems and its corollaries regarding gene expression and behavioural processes such as cognition, motivation and emotionality. * Provides an overview of recent advances made in stress research * Includes timely discussion of stress and its effect on the immune system * Presents novel treatment strategies targeting brain processes involved in stress processing and coping mechanisms
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Behavioral Neuroscience written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-06-03 with total page 1819 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Behavioral Neuroscientists study the behavior of animals and humans and the neurobiological and physiological processes that control it. Behavior is the ultimate function of the nervous system, and the study of it is very multidisciplinary. Disorders of behavior in humans touch millions of people’s lives significantly, and it is of paramount importance to understand pathological conditions such as addictions, anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, autism among others, in order to be able to develop new treatment possibilities. Encyclopedia of Behavioral Neuroscience is the first and only multi-volume reference to comprehensively cover the foundation knowledge in the field. This three volume work is edited by world renowned behavioral neuroscientists George F. Koob, The Scripps Research Institute, Michel Le Moal, Université Bordeaux, and Richard F. Thompson, University of Southern California and written by a premier selection of the leading scientists in their respective fields. Each section is edited by a specialist in the relevant area. The important research in all areas of Behavioral Neuroscience is covered in a total of 210 chapters on topics ranging from neuroethology and learning and memory, to behavioral disorders and psychiatric diseases. The only comprehensive Encyclopedia of Behavioral Neuroscience on the market Addresses all recent advances in the field Written and edited by an international group of leading researchers, truly representative of the behavioral neuroscience community Includes many entries on the advances in our knowledge of the neurobiological basis of complex behavioral, psychiatric, and neurological disorders Richly illustrated in full color Extensively cross referenced to serve as the go-to reference for students and researchers alike The online version features full searching, navigation, and linking functionality An essential resource for libraries serving neuroscientists, psychologists, neuropharmacologists, and psychiatrists
Download or read book Stress Resilience written by Alon Chen and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-10-31 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stress Resilience: Molecular and Behavioral Aspects presents the first reference available on the full-breadth of cutting-edge research being carried out in this field. It includes a wide range of basic molecular knowledge on the potential associations between resilience phenomenon and biochemical balance, but also focuses on the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying stress resilience. World-renowned experts provide chapters that cover everything from the neural circuits of resilience, the effects of early-life adversity, and the transgenerational inheritance of resilience. This unique and timely book will be a go-to resource for neuroscientists and biological psychiatrists who want to improve their understanding of the consequences of stress and on how some people are able to avoid it. Approaches resilience as a process rather than as a static trait Provides basic molecular knowledge on the potential associations between resilience phenomenon and biochemical balance Presents thorough coverage of both the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to resilience
Download or read book Behavioral Neurobiology of Depression and Its Treatment written by Philip J. Cowen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-04-24 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book highlights important new research using current state-of-the-art approaches by prominent researchers in the field of depression. A broad range of topics is covered, beginning with a description of the phenotypic features of clinical depression, followed by chapters on the cellular and molecular basis, functional neuroimaging correlates and information-processing accounts. Finally, existing and novel treatment approaches are covered. In this way the volume brings together the key disciplines involved in the neurobiological understanding of depression to provide an update of the field and outlook to the future. Together, the volume chapters provide focused and critical reviews that span a broad range of topics suitable for both students and established investigators interested in the present state of depression research.
Download or read book Handbook of Stress and the Brain Part 2 Stress Integrative and Clinical Aspects written by Thomas Steckler and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-03-24 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Stress and the Brain focuses on the impact of stressful events on the functioning of the central nervous system; how stress affects molecular and cellular processes in the brain, and in turn, how these brain processes determine our perception of and reactivity to, stressful challenges - acutely and in the long-run. Written for a broad scientific audience, the Handbook comprehensively reviews key principles and facts to provide a clear overview of the interdisciplinary field of stress. The work aims to bring together the disciplines of neurobiology, physiology, immunology, psychology and psychiatry, to provide a reference source for both the non-clinical and clinical expert, as well as serving as an introductory text for novices in this field of scientific inquiry. Part 2 treats the complexity of short-term and long-term regulation of stress responsivity, the role of stress in psychiatric disorders as based on both preclinical and clinical evidence, and the current status with regard to new therapeutic strategies targetting stress-related disorders.
Download or read book The Neurobiology Of Stress An Evolutionary Approch written by Francisco Aboitiz and published by . This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The soldier who sustains wounds in battle, the mother who worries about her soldier son, the gambler who watches the races ?whether he wins or loses-, the horse and the jockey he bet on: they are all under stress. The beggar who suffers from hunger and the glutton who overeats, the little shopkeeper with his constant fears of bankruptcy and the rich merchant struggling for yet another million: they are also all under stress&.What is this one mysterious condition that the most different kinds of people have in common with animals and even with individual cells, at times when much ?much of anything- happens to them? What is the nature of stress? (Selye, 1956, p.3). Hans Selye (Selye, 1936, Selye, 1956) coined the stress concept, defining it as a nonspecific response of the organism to any pressure or demand. This implies a general, organismic response including hormonal, cardiovascular, metabolic, neural and behavioral changes to cope with the circumstances. In terms of evolutionary theory, the stress response may be seen as a general adaptation to limiting conditions of diverse nature, which is oriented to restore homeostasis. Therefore, it may not be surprising that some aspects of these mechanisms are highly conserved across different types of animals. Moreover, stress itself may be viewed as a major factor driving evolutionary changes. In many cases, stressful conditions (be them famine, drought, extreme temperatures, predator pressures, stacking or else) determine population mortality and act as a sieve to select those individuals who better respond to these conditions. Hence, the behavioral and physiological strategies that an animal (or plant) adopts to deal with stressful conditions may determine which are the subjects that will have more chances to survive (Aboitiz, 1990). If the stressful conditions repeat in time; if adopting a particular response to these conditions is crucial to survival; and if this choice is genetically biased, a selective trend may be initiated in the direction of adapting better to the new conditions. For example, some bird species migrate over long distances to avoid the hard winter in the northern hemisphere, while others remain in their places in spite of the scarcity of food and extreme cold. Presumably, in the initial conditions, some birds moved looking for food elsewhere while others remained in their territories, using their behavioral skills to obtain the scarce food available. In some species, fliers eventually otnumbered those who stayed, and became migratory birds like cranes, while in some other species like crows, those who stayed prevailed, evolving into sedentary species. These different strategies led to different types of adaptations: migratory birds developed a powerful and resistant flight apparatus, a neural flight orienting system and other characteristics, while sedentary birds developed a powerful memory and high behavioral plasticity, associated to brains larger than those of migratory birds (Sol et al., 2005), beside other adaptations to survive the extreme colds of the northern winter. Thus, stress is a major force in evolutionary change, and animals have developed specific adaptations to respond to, and to prevent, conditions that attempt against the maintenance of homeostasis. As mentioned, the stress response is systemic, involving mechanisms ranging from gene regulation to network organization. In vertebrates, this response is mediated mainly by the stress hormones of the glucocorticoid family and catecholamines, triggered in higher vertebrates by the hypothalamic-derived corticotropin-releasing hormone, in the hypothalamic-pituitary portal vascular system (Chapter 5). Despite being originally an adaptive response, in several circumstances (especially when the disturbing stimulus is too intense or lasts too long) the compensating mechanisms become disbalanced and the same response becomes harmful for the organism, leading to sometimes severe pathological disorders. This book focuses on the neural mechanisms and the disbalances involved in the stress response, from the perspective of a biological response to threatening conditions in a wide variety of vertebrate animals. We will review the comparative and evolutionary aspects of the stress response in vertebrates, starting from the neural systems involved in the identification of stressful stimuli and in their association to emotional responses (Chapter 1, Aboitiz). This chapter emphasizes the evolution and increasing complexity of associative systems that permit to establish links between sensory stimuli and emotional responses. In Chapter 2, Dagnino-Subiabre provides a description of the evolutionary history of the auditory system in mammals from rodents to primates including humans, indicating a phylogenetically-maintained connectivity with the amygdalar system, which is proposed to be more robust than that of the visual system in all species studied. His main perspective is that stress decreases the level of the fear threshold in the brain. Chapter 3 (Nichols et al.) further emphasizes, from a comparative viewpoint, the role of the auditory system in the stress response, especially in relation to mechanisms of neural plasticity. This chapter also provides possible strategies for therapeutic treatments in auditory-related pathological stress responses. Fiedler (Chapter 4) reviews the molecular and cellular effects of chronic stressful stimuli on different brain structures like the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex, highlighting the role of neuroprotective molecules like BDNF and Bcl-2, as well as the effects on memory in these patients. Chapter 5 (Tapia-Arancibia and Arancibia) reviews the phylogeny of the genes involved in the stress response, including the main stress hormones, neurotrophins and their receptors. Furthermore, these authors present evidence on the regulation of BDNF by different neurotransmitters and hormones; including the role of this peptide in different behaviors and in the response to different forms of stress protocols. In Chapter 6 (Aliaga), the effects of stress in hippocampal BDNF expression is analyzed in relation to neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, neuronal morphology and survival. Emphasis is provided in the complexity of mechanisms for BDNF regulation, including the action of antidepressants and the existence of polymorphisms in the human species. The final Chapters relate to clinical issues. Pineda (Chapter 7) discusses the mechanisms involved in anxiety and depression, proposing that these correspond to adaptive mechanisms oriented to minimize energy expenditures in poor pay-off activities. The mechanisms of depression and anxiety are argued to share common determinants, principally based on the interaction between serotonergic and GABAergic activity, mediated by their different receptor subtypes. In Chapter 8, Bacigalupo and López-Calderón analyze the effects of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in diverse cognitive functions, particularly in relation to attentional and mnemonic functions. In addition, these authors analyze the effects of PTSD in the physiology and morphology of the amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in human subjects, attempting to offer a neurobiological basis for the cognitive alterations observed in these patients. Finally, Chapter 9 (Paz et al.) reviews the relation of stress with depression and the therapeutic and preventive effects of antidepressants on this condition. They propose that the stereotyped behavior observed in depressed patients could be caused by the failure of an emotional modulator system that seems to be critical for sustaining the increased levels of behavioral flexibility observed when highly evolved animals and humans are exposed to fear-evoking stimuli. In general, the book reviews anatomic, genetic, physiological, pharmacological, and cognitive aspects of the stress response, attempting in each case to provide an evolutionary perspective of this phenomenon as a process that restores homeostasis and permits to anticipate future stressful events. This response may become harmful to the organism if it does not succeed in restoring homeostasis of certain specific parameters. Especially in the long term, there appears to be an accumulative effect of repeating stressful events, leading to chronic mood disorders. Currently, stress related disorders such as major depression and posttraumatic stress disorder are diseases with high worldwide prevalence and have major social impact in several countries. The extremely rapid development of modern human society has been imposing an increasingly heavy load in individuals, at educational, laboral, familial and social levels, sometimes disbalancing these originally adaptive systems and triggering pathological conditions that are being observed with increasing frequency. In this context, we consider that a multidisciplinary approach to the stress concept is becoming more and more necessary, and knowledge of its evolution and of its original, adaptive functions become essential elements for the understanding of this process as a function that permits to maintain health in adverse conditions.
Download or read book Neurobiology of PTSD written by Israel Liberzon and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neurobiology of PTSD outlines the basic neural mechanisms that mediate complex responses and adaptations to psychological trauma; describes how these biological processes are impaired in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); and discusses how the environmental exposure to trauma interacts with the brain to create the syndrome of PTSD.
Download or read book Handbook of the Behavioral Neurobiology of Serotonin written by Christian P. Muller and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-12-30 with total page 849 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, often cited as 5-HT) is one of the major excitatory neurotransmitter, and the serotonergic system is one of the best studied and understood transmitter systems. It is crucially involved in the organization of virtually all behaviours and in the regulation of emotion and mood. Alterations in the serotonergic system, induced by e.g. learning or pathological processes, underlie behavioural plasticity and changes in mood, which can finally results in abnormal behaviour and psychiatric conditions. Not surprisingly, the serotonergic system and its functional components appear to be targets for a multitude of pharmacological treatments - examples of very successful drugs targeting the serotoninergic system include Prozac and Zoloft. The last decades of research have not only fundamentally expanded our view on serotonin but also revealed in much more detail an astonishing complexity of this system, which comprises a multitude of receptors and signalling pathways. A detailed view on its role in basal, but also complex, behaviours emerged, and, was presented in a number of single review articles. Although much is known now, the serotonergic system is still a fast growing field of research contributing to our present understanding of the brains function during normal and disturbed behaviour. This handbook aims towards a detailed and comprehensive overview over the many facets of behavioural serotonin research. As such, it will provide the most up to date and thorough reading concerning the serotonergic systems control of behaviour and mood in animals and humans. The goal is to create a systematic overview and first hand reference that can be used by students and scholars alike in the fields of genetics, anatomy, pharmacology, physiology, behavioural neuroscience, pathology, and psychiatry. The chapters in this book will be written by leading scientists in this field. Most of them have already written excellent reviews in their field of expertise. The book is divided in 4 sections. After an historical introduction, illustrating the growth of ideas about serotonin function in behaviour of the last forty years, section A will focus on the functional anatomy of the serotonergic system. Section B provides a review of the neurophysiology of the serotonergic system and its single components. In section C the involvement of serotonin in behavioural organization will be discussed in great detail, while section D deals with the role of serotonin in behavioural pathologies and psychiatric disorders. - The first handbook broadly discussing the behavioral neurobiology of the serotonorgic transmitter system - Co-edited by one of the pioneers and opinion leaders of the past decades, Barry Jacobs (Princeton), with an international list (10 countries) of highly regarded contributors providing over 50 chapters, and including the leaders in the field in number of articles and citations: K. P. Lesch, T. Sharp, A. Caspi, P. Blier, G.K. Aghajanian, E. C. Azmitia, and others - The only integrated and complete resource on the market containing the best information integrating international research, providing a global perspective to an international community - Of great value not only for researchers and experts, but also for students and clinicians as a background reference
Download or read book Textbook of Disaster Psychiatry written by Robert J. Ursano and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-05-23 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a decade of advances in the psychological, biological and social responses to disasters, helping medics and leaders prepare and react.
Download or read book Methods of Behavior Analysis in Neuroscience written by Jerry J. Buccafusco and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-08-29 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using the most well-studied behavioral analyses of animal subjects to promote a better understanding of the effects of disease and the effects of new therapeutic treatments on human cognition, Methods of Behavior Analysis in Neuroscience provides a reference manual for molecular and cellular research scientists in both academia and the pharmaceutic
Download or read book The Neurobiological Basis of Suicide written by Yogesh Dwivedi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-06-25 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With recent studies using genetic, epigenetic, and other molecular and neurochemical approaches, a new era has begun in understanding pathophysiology of suicide. Emerging evidence suggests that neurobiological factors are not only critical in providing potential risk factors but also provide a promising approach to develop more effective treatment and prevention strategies. The Neurobiological Basis of Suicide discusses the most recent findings in suicide neurobiology. Psychological, psychosocial, and cultural factors are important in determining the risk factors for suicide; however, they offer weak prediction and can be of little clinical use. Interestingly, cognitive characteristics are different among depressed suicidal and depressed nonsuicidal subjects, and could be involved in the development of suicidal behavior. The characterization of the neurobiological basis of suicide is in delineating the risk factors associated with suicide. The Neurobiological Basis of Suicide focuses on how and why these neurobiological factors are crucial in the pathogenic mechanisms of suicidal behavior and how these findings can be transformed into potential therapeutic applications.
