Download or read book Battle Of Pharsalus August 9th 48 Bc written by André Geraque Kiffer and published by Clube de Autores. This book was released on 2019-12-10 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perpendicular battle orders, or Agmen Impetum, were not standard in the more infantry-based Roman army; but from the middle to the end of the empire when they faced more cavalry-based armies (Gothic Germans and Sassanid Persians), they witnessed the strength of the so-called boar-head (Schweinskopf) - frontal infantry attack with flanking cavalry. Caesar was narrowly defeated by Labienus - one of his legates (commanders of consular legions) in the Gallic Wars - employing a battle order similar to Agmen Impetum at the Civil War battle of Ruspina in 46 BC. This would not preclude the possibility of distributing light cavalry and infantry on both sides, of course limiting the extent and force on the side of the obstacle. Caesar would hardly fall into a trap like Cannae but a one likely Ruspina nearly killed him, and that s what we ll try in this simulation.
Download or read book Battle Of Pharsalus August 9th 48 Bc written by André Geraque Kiffer and published by Clube de Autores. This book was released on 2019-12-10 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perpendicular battle orders, or Agmen Impetum, were not standard in the more infantry-based Roman army; but from the middle to the end of the empire when they faced more cavalry-based armies (Gothic Germans and Sassanid Persians), they witnessed the strength of the so-called boar-head (Schweinskopf) - frontal infantry attack with flanking cavalry. Caesar was narrowly defeated by Labienus - one of his legates (commanders of consular legions) in the Gallic Wars - employing a battle order similar to Agmen Impetum at the Civil War battle of Ruspina in 46 BC. This would not preclude the possibility of distributing light cavalry and infantry on both sides, of course limiting the extent and force on the side of the obstacle. Caesar would hardly fall into a trap like Cannae but a one likely Ruspina nearly killed him, and that s what we ll try in this simulation.
Download or read book Civil War written by Julius Caesar and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-08-08 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Great Roman Civil War (49-45 BC), also known as Caesar's Civil War, was one of the last politico-military conflicts in the Roman Republic before the establishment of the Roman Empire. It began as a series of political and military confrontations, between Julius Caesar (100-44 BC), his political supporters (broadly known as Populares), and his legions, against the Optimates (or Boni), the politically conservative and socially traditionalist faction of the Roman Senate, who were supported by Pompey (106-48 BC) and his legions
Download or read book Bretons and Britons written by Barry Cunliffe and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-06-10 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is it about Brittany that makes it such a favourite destination for the British? To answer this question, Bretons and Britons explores the long history of the Bretons, from the time of the first farmers around 5400 BC to the present, and the very close relationship they have had with their British neighbours throughout this time. More than simply a history of a people, Bretons and Britons is also the author's homage to a country and a people he has come to admire over decades of engagement. Underlying the story throughout is the tale of the Bretons' fierce struggle to maintain their distinctive identity. As a peninsula people living on a westerly excrescence of Europe they were surrounded on three sides by the sea, which gave them some protection from outside interference, but their landward border was constantly threatened - not only by succeeding waves of Romans, Franks, and Vikings, but also by the growing power of the French state. It was the sea that gave the Bretons strength and helped them in their struggle for independence. They shared in the culture of Atlantic-facing Europe, and from the eighteenth century, when a fascination for the Celts was beginning to sweep Europe, they were able to present themselves as the direct successors of the ancient Celts along with the Cornish, Welsh, Scots, and Irish. This gave them a new strength and a new pride. It is this spirit that is still very much alive today.
Download or read book Philippi 42 BC written by Si Sheppard and published by Osprey Publishing. This book was released on 2008-08-19 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immortalized in Shakespeare's play on the life and death of Julius Caesar, the battle of Philippi was the final battle between the forces of Mark Antony and Octavian against the forces of Caesar's assassins Brutus and Longinus during the Roman civil wars that took place in the 40s and 30s BC. Si Sheppard takes a detailed look at the campaign that was waged around the Macedonian city of Philipi. The first engagement on the 3rd of October was indecisive as Octavian's forces were routed by those of Brutus, but Cassius' camp was captured by Mark Antony's men; wrongly fearing that Brutus was dead and that all was lost for his cause, Cassius committed suicide - depriving the Republicans of their most gifted commander. In the meantime, the Republicans' naval forces had managed to intercept and destroy the supply ships of the Triumvirs in the Adriatic, a serious blow to Octavian and Mark Anthony. Expertly detailing the changing fates of the opposing sides, their successes and failures illustrated in a range of maps, the book then turns to the final stages of the campaign. As the Triumvirs' forces slowly moved their fieldworks towards their enemies' positions, Brutus, ignorant of the destruction of Calvinus's fleet and seeing few other options available to him, decided to give battle. In the bloody and close combat, legionary fought legionary amid great slaughter, until Brutus' forces were finally routed and his camp overrun. Brutus fled and committed suicide the following day. The Republican movement crushed, Rome now rested in the hands of the Second Triumvirate. This is the history of the Philippi campaign that sounded the final death knell for the Republican movement.
Download or read book Alesia 52 BC written by Nic Fields and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2014-06-20 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 52 BC is the key year of the Gallic Revolt, with the near-disastrous Roman defeat at Gergovia followed by the climactic victory over the Gallic chieftain Vercingetorix at Alesia. In 52, BC Caesar's continued strategy of annihilation had engendered a spirit of desperation, which detonated into a revolt of Gallic tribes under the leadership of the charismatic young Arvernian noble Vercingetorix. Major engagements were fought at Noviodunum, Avaricum, and Gergovia, with the last action being the most serious reverse that Caesar faced in the whole of the Gallic War. However, Vercingetorix soon realized that he was unable to match the Romans in pitched battle. Taking advantage of the tribesmen's superior knowledge of their home territory, Vercingetorix began a canny policy of small war and defensive manoeuvres, which gravely hampered Caesar's movements by cutting off his supplies. For Caesar it was to be a grim summertime – his whole Gallic enterprise faced disaster. In the event, by brilliant leadership, force of arms, and occasionally sheer luck, Caesar succeeded in stamping out the revolt in a long and brutal action culminating in the siege of Alesia. Vercingetorix finally surrendered and Alesia was to be the last significant resistance to the Roman will. Never again would a Gallic warlord independent of Rome hold sway over the Celts of Gaul.
Download or read book The Battle of Pharsalus 48 BC written by Gareth C Sampson and published by Pen and Sword Military. This book was released on 2023-07-31 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In August 48 BC, following the earlier battle at Dyrrhachium, the two greatest Roman commanders of their generation met in battle again at Pharsalus in Greece. Julius Caesar, conqueror of Gaul, had been defeated at Dyrrhachium and forced to retreat but now stood at bay to face Pompey the Great, conqueror of the East. At stake lay the future of the ailing Roman Republic, each man believing he alone had the solution to restoring Republican government. Gareth Sampson examines the campaigns which led up to the battle as well as the role played by the various regional powers who got drawn into the Roman Civil War. The Battle of Pharsalus itself is analyzed in detail to determine the strengths and weakness of both armies and their various commanders, as well as the organization, equipment and tactics of the forces involved in the battle which culminated in a decisive victory for Caesar. The author concludes with consideration of the aftermath of the battle, which saw Pompey murdered in Egypt and Caesar distracted by the affairs of the East.
Download or read book The Death of Caesar written by Barry Strauss and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2015-03-03 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this story of the most famous assassination in history, “the last bloody day of the [Roman] Republic has never been painted so brilliantly” (The Wall Street Journal). Julius Caesar was stabbed to death in the Roman Senate on March 15, 44 BC—the Ides of March according to the Roman calendar. He was, says author Barry Strauss, the last casualty of one civil war and the first casualty of the next civil war, which would end the Roman Republic and inaugurate the Roman Empire. “The Death of Caesar provides a fresh look at a well-trodden event, with superb storytelling sure to inspire awe” (The Philadelphia Inquirer). Why was Caesar killed? For political reasons, mainly. The conspirators wanted to return Rome to the days when the Senate ruled, but Caesar hoped to pass along his new powers to his family, especially Octavian. The principal plotters were Brutus, Cassius (both former allies of Pompey), and Decimus. The last was a leading general and close friend of Caesar’s who felt betrayed by the great man: He was the mole in Caesar’s camp. But after the assassination everything went wrong. The killers left the body in the Senate and Caesar’s allies held a public funeral. Mark Antony made a brilliant speech—not “Friends, Romans, Countrymen” as Shakespeare had it, but something inflammatory that caused a riot. The conspirators fled Rome. Brutus and Cassius raised an army in Greece but Antony and Octavian defeated them. An original, new perspective on an event that seems well known, The Death of Caesar is “one of the most riveting hour-by-hour accounts of Caesar’s final day I have read....An absolutely marvelous read” (The Times, London).
Download or read book Party Politics in the Age of Caesar written by Lily Ross Taylor and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2023-04-28 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advice given to Cicero by his astute, campaign-conscious brother to prepare him for the consular elections of 64 B.C., has a curiously modern ring: "Avoid taking a definite stand on great public issues either in the Senate or before the people. Bend your energies towards making friends of key-men in all classes of voters." Party Politics in the Age of Caesar is a shrewd commentary on this text, designed to clarify the true meaning in Roman political life of such terms as "party" and "faction." Taylor brilliantly explains the mechanics of Roman politics as she discusses the relations of nobles and their clients, the manipulation of the state religion for political expedience, and the practical means of delivering the vote. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1961. The advice given to Cicero by his astute, campaign-conscious brother to prepare him for the consular elections of 64 B.C., has a curiously modern ring: "Avoid taking a definite stand on great public issues either in the Senate or before the people. Bend y
Download or read book A Mist of Prophecies written by Steven Saylor and published by Minotaur Books. This book was released on 2010-04-01 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the Roman Civil War, as the forces of Pompey and Julius Caesar fight a series of battles in the provinces over control of the Republic, Rome itself is a hotbed of intrigue as those left behind wait for word. In this tentative and treacherous environment, a beautiful young seeress is murdered in the marketplace. Possibly mad and claiming no memory of her own past, Cassandra - like her namesake - is reputed to have had the true gift of prophecy and, as a result, she became a confidante of the rich and powerful. Gordianus the Finder, who had become obsessed with the woman and her mystery, starts to investigate her murder. As the political situation in Rome continues to decay, the citizenry veers towards ruin, and everyone waits for word out in the far off fields of war, Gordianus begins to peel away the veils of secrecy that surround Cassandra's life and death. What lies underneath involves one, possibly many, of the most powerful women in Rome and the truth could not only put Gordianus's life in danger but affect the very future of Rome itself.
Download or read book The Conquest of Gaul written by Julius Caesar and published by Penguin. This book was released on 1983-02-24 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The enemy were overpowered and took to flight. The Romans pursued as far as their strength enabled them to run' Between 58 and 50 BC Julius Caesar conquered most of the area now covered by France, Belgium and Switzerland, and invaded Britain twice, and The Conquest of Gaul is his record of these campaigns. Caesar’s narrative offers insights into his military strategy and paints a fascinating picture of his encounters with the inhabitants of Gaul and Britain, as well as lively portraits of the rebel leader Vercingetorix and other Gallic chieftains. The Conquest of Gaulcan also be read as a piece of political propaganda, as Caesar sets down his version of events for the Roman public, knowing he faces civil war on his return to Rome. Revised and updated by Jane Gardner, S. A. Handford’s translation brings Caesar’s lucid and exciting account to life for modern readers. This volume includes a glossary of persons and places, maps, appendices and suggestions for further reading.
Download or read book Julius Caesar written by Nic Fields and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2018-09-04 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the greatest military commanders in history, Julius Caesar's most famous victory – the conquest of Gaul – was to him little more than a stepping stone to power. An audacious and decisive general, his victories over the Gauls allowed him to challenge for the political leadership of Rome. Leading a single legion across the Rubicon in 49 BC, Caesar launched a civil war which would end the Roman Republic and usher in the Roman Empire, with Caesar at its helm. This examination of the great general's life covers his great victories and few defeats, looking at the factors which lay behind his military genius.
Download or read book Caesar s Civil War written by Adrian Goldsworthy and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2014-06-06 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Julius Caesar and Pompey the Great were two of the greatest generals Rome had ever produced. Together they had brought vast stretches of territory under Roman dominion. In 49 BC they turned against each other and plunged Rome into civil war. Legion was pitched against legion in a vicious battle for political domination of the vast Roman world. Based on original sources, Adrian Goldsworthy provides a gripping account of this desperate power struggle. The armies were evenly matched but in the end Caesar's genius as a commander and his great good luck brought him victory in 45 BC.
Download or read book The Landmark Julius Caesar written by Kurt A. Raaflaub and published by Anchor. This book was released on 2019-02-05 with total page 898 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Landmark Julius Caesar is the definitive edition of the five works that chronicle the military campaigns of Julius Caesar. Together, these five narratives present a comprehensive picture of military and political developments leading to the collapse of the Roman republic and the advent of the Roman Empire. The Gallic War is Caesar’s own account of his two invasions of Britain and of conquering most of what is today France, Belgium, and Switzerland. The Civil War describes the conflict in the following year which, after the death of his chief rival, Pompey, and the defeat of Pompey’s heirs and supporters, resulted in Caesar’s emergence as the sole power in Rome. Accompanying Caesar’s own commentaries are three short but essential additional works, known to us as the Alexandrian War, the African War, and the Spanish War. These were written by three unknown authors who were clearly eyewitnesses and probably Roman officers. Caesar’s clear and direct prose provides a riveting depiction of ancient warfare and, not incidentally, a persuasive portrait for the Roman people (and for us) of Caesar himself as a brilliant, moderate, and effective leader—an image that was key to his final success. Kurt A. Raaflaub’s masterful translation skillfully brings out the clarity and elegance of Caesar’s style, and this, together with such Landmark features as maps, detailed annotations, appendices, and illustrations, will provide every reader from lay person to scholar with a rewarding and enjoyable experience. (With 2-color text, maps, and illustrations throughout; web essays available at http://www.thelandmarkcaesar.com/)
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Warfare in the Classical World written by Brian Campbell and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-07 with total page 822 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Offers six exemplary case studies of Greeks and Romans at war, thoroughly illustrated with detailed battle maps and photographs"--Provided by publisher.
Download or read book The Encyclopeadia Britannica written by and published by . This book was released on 1899 with total page 882 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book THE NEW CENTURY BOOK OF FACTS written by and published by . This book was released on 1911 with total page 1728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
